TY - JOUR T1 - DETECTION OF PORK, HORSE OR DONKEY MEAT ADULTERATION IN BEEF-BASED FORMULATIONS BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY TT - SIĞIR ETİ KARIŞIMLARINDA DOMUZ, AT VE EŞEK ETİ TAĞŞİŞİNİN FOURIER DÖNÜŞÜMLÜ KIZILÖTESİ SPEKTROSKOPİSİ İLE BELİRLENMESİ AU - Candoğan, Prof. Dr. Kezban AU - Deniz, Ebru AU - Güneş Altuntaş, Evrim AU - İğci, Naşit AU - Özel Demiralp, Duygu PY - 2020 DA - January DO - 10.15237/gida.GD19146 JF - Gıda JO - GIDA PB - The Association of Food Technology WT - DergiPark SN - 1300-3070 SP - 369 EP - 379 VL - 45 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy with chemometrics was employed to discriminate pork, horse or donkey meat substitution in beef. Wavenumber range of 1480-1360 cm−1 (94.97% of variance is explained by the first two principal components) and fingerprint region (FR) (90.08%) clearly differentiated beef, pork and beef-pork mixtures in principal component analysis (PCA). For beef-donkey mixtures, 1760-1710 cm−1 (99.31%) and FR (96.03%) provided discrimination. For beef-horse meat mixtures; a grouping was obtained for 1290-1210 cm−1 (90.41%), FR (84.83%) and whole spectrum (88.61%). In hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the region between 1480-1425 cm-1 was able to separate all donkey adulterated mixtures, 100% beef and 100% donkey meat from each other with 100% sensitivity and specificity while 2980-2880 cm-1, whole spectrum and FR provided differentiation for beef-horse mixtures. 1760-1710 and 1210-1190 cm−1 regions provided classification between 100% beef, 100% pork and pork-beef mixtures (except for 5% of substituted) with 100% sensitivity and specificity. KW - Beef KW - donkey meat KW - horse meat KW - pork KW - adulteration KW - FTIR spectroscopy N2 - Sığır eti karışımlarında domuz, at ve eşek etleri tağşişinin belirlenmesinde Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi, kemometri ile birlikte kullanılmıştır. Temel bileşenler analizinde (PCA) sığır, domuz ve sığır-domuz eti karışımları 1480-1360 cm−1 (varyansın %94.97’si ilk iki temel bileşen tarafından açıklanmıştır) dalga sayısı aralığında ve parmak izi bölgesinde (PB) (%90.80) ayırt edilmiştir. Sığır-eşek eti karışımlarının ayrımında, 1760-1710 cm−1 dalga sayısı aralığı (%99.31) ve PB (%96.03) başarılı olurken; sığır-at eti karışımlarında 1290-1210 cm−1 (%90.41) aralığı, PB (%84.83) ve tüm spektrumda (%88.61) gruplama sağlanmıştır. 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