TY - JOUR T1 - Teaching and Learning Vocabulary as L2: Approaches in Spanish Textbooks TT - İkinci Dil Öğretiminde Kelime Öğretimi ve Öğrenimi: İspanyolca Ders Kitaplarında Yaklaşımlar AU - Yoon, Jiyoung PY - 2019 DA - December Y2 - 2019 DO - 10.35207/later.647156 JF - Language Teaching and Educational Research JO - LATER PB - Yusuf Demir WT - DergiPark SN - 2636-8102 SP - 114 EP - 131 VL - 2 IS - 2 LA - en AB - This study examines the common pedagogical approachesof L2 Spanish textbooks that are currently used at the college-level in theUnited States, and investigates whether they embrace the notion of input as akey concept in aiding L2 learners in learning new vocabulary words throughactivities that guide them from input/comprehension to output/production in ameaningful way. The analysis revealedthat the textbooks surveyed in this study overall exhibited the commonorganization and presentation of the new vocabulary words. Despite theseapparent similarities of organization in presenting new vocabulary, the surveyedtextbooks differed in the manner in which the input-based instruction and theoutput-based instruction were employed. More specifically, the activities foundin the surveyed textbooks exhibited varying degrees of manipulation involved inboth input and output-based tasks, and they also differed in the number ofinput-based and output-based activities as well as in the logical progressionbetween the two types of activities. The findings of this study suggest thatthe surveyed textbooks showed a predominant tendency towards the output-basedinstruction of vocabulary, putting an emphasis on the production of new L2vocabulary. This study provides further evidence that the input-basedinstruction, despite its effectiveness of teaching and learning L2 asdemonstrated in many previous studies, is not systematically incorporated intomost L2 textbooks, thus implying a gap between theory and practice. KW - Spanish textbooks KW - vocabulary KW - input-based instruction KW - processing instruction N2 - Bu çalışma, şuanda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde üniversite düzeyinde kullanılan ikinci dil(L2) olarak İspanyolca ders kitaplarının ortak pedagojik yaklaşımlarınıincelemektedir. Bu çalışma L2 İspanyolca kitaplarının öğrenme sürecininbaşından sonuna kadar anlamlı bir şekilde rehberlik eden etkinlikler yoluylayeni sözcükler öğrenme sürecinde L2 öğrencilerine yardımcı olmada girdikavramını anahtar bir öge olarak benimseyip benimsemediklerini araştırmaktadır.Yapılan analizler sonucunda bu çalışmada incelenen ders kitaplarının genelolarak yeni kelimeleri ortak düzen içerisinde sunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Yeni kelimelerin sunulma düzenindeki bu belirgin benzerliklerine rağmen, anketekatılan ders kitaplarının girdi-temelli öğretme ve çıktı-temelli öğretimuygulamalarında farklılık gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Daha spesifik olarak,ankete katılan ders kitaplarında bulunan faaliyetler hem girdi hem de çıktı temelligörevlerde çeşitli derecelerde değişiklik göstermişlerdir. Bunlar aynı zamandagirdi tabanlı ve çıktı tabanlı faaliyetlerin sayısı ve iki tip faaliyetarasındaki mantıksal ilerleme bakımından da farklılık göstermiştir. Buçalışmanın bulguları, incelenen ders kitaplarının, yeni L2 kelime hazinesininüretilmesine önem vererek, çıktı temelli kelime öğretimi yönündeki eğilimigösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, daha önceki çalışmalardagösterildiği gibi, L2 öğretme ve öğrenmenin etkinliğine rağmen, girdi tabanlıöğretimin çoğu L2 ders kitabına sistematik olarak dahil edilmediğine vedolayısıyla teori ile pratik arasında bir boşluğa işaret ettiğine dair dahafazla kanıt sunmaktadır. CR - Alsaif, A., & Milton. J. (2012). Vocabulary input from school textbooks as potential contributor to the small vocabulary uptake gained by English as a foreign language learners in Saudi Arabia. Language Learning Journal, 40, 21-33. CR - Azizi, A. (2016). Effects of non-negotiated pre-modified input, negotiation of input without output, and negotiation of input plus pushed output on EFL Learners’ vocabulary learning. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 7(4), 773-779. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0704.19 CR - Benati, A. (2001). A comparative study of the effects of processing instruction and output-based instruction on the acquisition of the Italian future tense. Language Teaching Research, 5, 95-127. CR - Benati, A. (2016). Input manipulation, enhancement and processing: Theoretical views and empirical research. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 65-88. doi: 10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.1.4 CR - Benati, A., & Tanja, A. (2015). The effects of Processing Instruction on the acquisition of English simple past tense: Age and cognitive task demands. IRAL-International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 53(2). DOI: 10.1515/iral-2015-0012 CR - Chujo, K. (2004). Measuring vocabulary levels of English textbooks and tests using a BNC lemmatised high frequency word list. Language and Computers, 51, 231-249. CR - Demir, Y. The role of in-class vocabulary strategies in vocabulary retention of Turkish EFL learners. Elementary Education Online, 12(4), 1173-1187. CR - Ellis, R. (2009). Editorial. Language Teaching Research, 13(4), 333–335. CR - Ellis, R. (2012). Language teaching research and pedagogy. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. CR - Farley, A. (2001). Processing instruction and meaning-based output instruction: A comparative study. Spanish Applied Linguistics, 5, 57-93. CR - Gablasova, D. (2014). Learning and retaining specialized vocabulary from textbook reading: Comparison of learning outcomes through L1 and L2. The Modern Language Journal, 98(4), 976-991. CR - Hardin, K. (2012). Targeting oral and cultural proficiency for medical personnel: An examination of current medical Spanish textbooks. Hispania, 95(4), 698–713. CR - Izumi, S., & Bigelow, M. (2000). Does output promote noticing and second language acquisition? TESOL Quarterly, 34(2), 239-278. DOI: 10.2307/3587952 CR - Koprowski, M. (2005). Investigating the usefulness of lexical phrases in contemporary coursebooks. ELT Journal, 59, 322–332. CR - Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Pergamon: Oxford. CR - Krashen, S. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. London: Longman. CR - Lee, J. F., & Benati, A. (2007). Delivering processing instruction in classrooms and virtual contexts: Research and practice. London: Equinox. CR - Lee, J. F., & VanPatten, B. (2003). Making communicative language teaching happen. New York: McGraw-Hill. CR - Lewis, M. (1993). The lexical approach: The state of ELT and the way forward. Hove, England: Language Teaching Publications. CR - Long, M. (1980). Input, interaction and second language acquisition. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Los Angeles: UCLA. CR - López-Jiménez, M. D. (2013). Multi-word lexical units in L2 textbooks. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada, 26, 333-348. CR - López-Jiménez, M.D. (2014). A critical analysis of the vocabulary in L2 Spanish textbooks. Porta Linguarum: Revista Internacional de Didáctica de las Lenguas Extranjeras, 22, 163–182. CR - Mármol, G. A. (2011). Vocabulary input in classroom materials: Two EFL coursebooks used in Spanish schools. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada, 24, 9-28. CR - Matsuoka, W., & Hirsh, D. (2010). Vocabulary learning through reading: Does an ELT course book provide good opportunities? Reading in a Foreign Language, 22(1), 56-70. CR - Morgan-Short, K., & Bowden, H. W. (2006). Processing instruction and meaningful output-based instruction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 28, 31-65. CR - Nation, I. S. p. (2013). Learning vocabulary in another language (2n ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CR - Neary‐Sundquist, C. A. (2015). Aspects of vocabulary knowledge in German textbooks. Foreign Language Annals, 48(1), 68–81. CR - Paribakht, T. S., & Wesche, M. B. (1996). Enhancing vocabulary acquisition through reading: a hierarchy of text-related exercise types. Canadian Modern Language Review, 52(2), 155-78. CR - Ramos, J. E. (2015) Developing law students' communicative-linguistic competence: Analysis of eight Spanish legal textbooks from a sociopragmatic perspective. Language Learning in Higher Education, 5(1), 125-155. CR - Rassaei, E. (2012). The effects of input-based and output-based instruction on L2 development. TESL-EJ (Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language),16(3), 1-25. CR - Sakata, N. (2019). Profiling vocabulary for proficiency development: Effects of input and general frequencies on L2 learning. System, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.102167. CR - Schmitt, N. (2008). Instructed second language vocabulary learning. Language Teaching Research, 12(3), 329-363. CR - Schmitt, N. (2019). Understanding vocabulary acquisition, instruction, and assessment: A research agenda. Language Teaching, 52(2), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444819000053 CR - Schumm, J. S. (1991). Vocabulary learning in content area reading: Can textbooks make the difference? Journal of Reading; 35(3), 249. CR - Schwarts, B. (1993). On explicit and negative data effecting and affecting competence and linguistic behavior. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15, 147-164. CR - Swain, M. (1985). Communicative competence: some roles for comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development. In S. Gass & C. CR - Madden (Eds.), Input and Second Language Acquisition (pp. 235-253). Rowley, MA: Newbury House. CR - Swain, M. (2000). The output hypothesis and beyond. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 97-114). Oxford: Oxford University Press. CR - Swain, M. (2005). The output hypothesis: theory and research. In E. Hinkel (Ed.). Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (pp. 471-483). Mahwa, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. CR - Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (1995). Problems in output and the cognitive processes they generate: A step towards second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 16, 371-391. CR - Tajeddin, Z., & Rahimi, A. (2017). A conversation analysis of ellipsis and substitution in global business English textbooks. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 5(1), 1-14. CR - Toth, B. (2006). Processing instruction and a role for output in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 56, 319-385. CR - VanPatten, B. (1993). Grammar teaching for the acquisition-rich classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 26, 435-450. CR - VanPatten, B. (1996). Input processing and grammar instruction in second language acquisition: Theory and research. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. CR - VanPatten, B. (2002). From input to output: A teacher's guide to second language acquisition.McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. UR - https://doi.org/10.35207/later.647156 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/897530 ER -