TY - JOUR T1 - INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL CAUSED BY WILD STORAGE DUMPSITE IN KASTAMONU CITY TT - KASTAMONU İLİ VAHŞİ DEPOLAMA ALANI TOPRAKLARINDA AĞIR METAL KONSANTRASYONLARININ İNCELENMESİ AU - Savacı, Gamze AU - Öksüz, Çağatay PY - 2020 DA - April DO - 10.32328/turkjforsci.703836 JF - Turkish Journal of Forest Science JO - Turk J For Sci PB - Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University WT - DergiPark SN - 2618-6616 SP - 26 EP - 39 VL - 4 IS - 1 LA - en AB - The aim of this studywas to reveal the effects of domestic dumpsite on the some soil chemicalproperties in the surface soils in Kastamonu city. The soil samples werecollected from the 5 different distances namely; Very adjacent (VA), Adjacent (A), Middle (M),Far (F) and Very far (VF). Theresults showed that the accumulation of heavy metal in the soil variedsignificantly with the distances. Among the heavy metals, the concentrations ofCo, Cr, Cu (only A and VA), Zn (only A and VA), Ni (except for M) exceeded theMaximum Allowable Limit (MAL) for Turkey values. However, the concentrations ofMo, Pb and Cd were below the MAL limit values. When all results are considered,it can be stated that the waste dumpsites can negatively affect the environment.Therefore, we make sure that the dumped materials should be concentrated andrecycled in order to decrease the amount of heavy metals in the dumpsites andin the soils around the dumpsites. In addition, phytoremediation, which is all theremediation technique available for metal contaminated soils, is the most costly,environmentally friendly and easy to apply. Phytoremediation can be used toremove, displace or reduce contaminants from soil by using plants thathyperaccumulate these contaminants. KW - Heavy metal concentration KW - dumpsite KW - contamination KW - Kastamonu N2 - Buçalışmanın amacı, Kastomonu ilinde yer alan evsel nitelikli çöp sahası topraklarınınbazı kimyasal özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Şehirçöplüğüne yakınlık-uzaklık mesafesine göre Çok yakın (ÇY), Yakın (Y), Orta (O)Uzak (U) ve Çok uzak (ÇU) şeklinde 5 farklı mesafeden toprak örnekleri toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar topraktaki ağır metal birikiminin mesafeleregöre önemli ölçüde değiştiğini göstermiştir. Ağır metal konsantrasyonlarından Co, Cr, Cu (sadece Yve ÇY), Zn (sadece Y ve ÇY) ile Ni (O hariç) konsantrasyonları, Türkiyedeğerleri için izin verilen maksimum sınırı (MAL) aşmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Mo, Pb ve Cd konsantrasyonları MALsınır değerlerinin altındadır. Sonuçlardeğerlendirildiğinde, şehir çöplüğü atıkların çevreyi olumsuz yönde etkilediği görülmektedir.Bu nedenle şehir çöplüğü topraklarında biriken ağır metallerin miktarınıazaltmak için bu alana boşaltılan atıkların konsantre edilmesi veya geridönüştürülmesi etkili olacaktır. Ayrıca metalle kirlenmiş topraklar için iyileştirmetekniğinden birisi olan fitoremediasyon en uygun maliyetli, çevre dostu ve kolaybir uygulamadır. Fitoremediasyon tekniği, bu kirletici maddeleri bünyesindebiriktiren bitkiler kullanılarak kirletici maddelerin topraktanuzaklaştırılması, yer değiştirmesi veya azaltılması sağlanabilir. CR - Adaikpoh, E. O. (2013), Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in soils from waste dump sites within Imoru and environs, Southwest, Nigeria. J. Environ. Earth Sci, 3, 45-54.http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.920.2587&rep=rep1&type=pd CR - Adelekan, B. A., & Alawode, A. O. (2011), Contributions of municipal refuse dumps to heavy metals concentrations in soil profile and groundwater in Ibadan Nigeria. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 40, 2727-2737. CR - Adriano, D. C. (1986), Trace elements in the terrestrial environment.-Springer-Verlag. New York, 533. ISBN 978-1-4757-1907-9 (eBook) CR - Akbaş, B., Akdeniz, N., Aksay, A., Altun, İ., Balcı, V., Bilginer, E., et al. (2015), Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını. Ankara Türkiye. http://yerbilimleri.mta.gov.tr/anasayfa.aspx CR - Ali, N., Oniye, S. J., Balarabe, M. L., & Auta, J. (2005), Concentration of Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Pb in Makera–Drain, Kaduna, Nigeria, ChemClass Journal, 2, 69-73. CR - Anonim (1990), Topraksu Genel Müdürlüğü, Türkiye Geliştirilmiş Toprak Haritası Sınıf ve Haritaları, Ankara. (in Turkish publication) CR - Anonim (2001), Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeligi, 25831 Sayili Resmi Gazetede, Ankara . https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/12/20011210.htm#3 CR - Anonim (2014), Kastamonu ili 2014 yılı çevre durum raporu. Kastamonu Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü. Kastamonu (in Turkish publication). CR - Artiningsih, A., Zubair, H., Imran, A. M., & Widodo, S. (2018), Distribution of Cu metal on the soil around the landfills of Antang, Makassar City. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 175, No. 1, p. 012021). IOP Publishing. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012021 CR - Asemave, K., & Anhwange, B. A. (2012), Evaluation of heavy metals in waste dumpsites. Germany, Lambert Academic Publishing; ISBN: 978-3-659-37380-0 Costa, R. D. S., Neto, P. P., Campos, M. C. C., do Nascimento, W. B., Do Nascimento, C.W.A., Silva L. S., Cunha, J. M. (2017), Natural contents of heavy metals in soils of the southern Amazonas state, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38(6), 3499-3514. DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3499 CR - Dara, S.S. (1993), A textbook of environmental chemistry and pollution control. S. Chand &Company Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi 110055. ISBN:8121908833, 9788121908832 CR - DMİ (2019), Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Gn. Md., Kastamonu Meteoroloji İl Müdürlüğü, Kastamonu Meteoroloji İstasyonu Verileri, 20082018. Kastamonu. CR - Ebong, G. A., Akpan, M. M., & Mkpenie, V. N. (2008), Heavy metal contents of municipal and rural dumpsite soils and rate of accumulation by Carica papaya and Talinum triangulare in Uyo, Nigeria. Journal of Chemistry, 5(2), 281-290. CR - Jackson, M. L. (1962), Soil chemical analysis. (Constable and Company, Ltd: London). CR - Jafaru, H. M., Dowuona, G. N. N., Adjadeh, T. A., Nartey, E. K., Nude P. M., & Neina D. (2015), Geochemical assessment of heavy metal pollution as impacted by municipal solid waste at Abloradjei waste dump site, Accra-Ghana. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 7(3), 50-59. CR - Jaradat, Q. M., Masadeh, A., Zaitoun, M. A., & Maitah, B. M. (2005), Heavy metal contamination of soil, plant and air of scrapyard of discarded vehicles at Zarqa City, Jordan. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 14 (5), 449-462. DOI: 10.1080/15320380500180507 CR - Jung, C. H., Matsuto, T., & Tanaka, N. (2006), Flow analysis of metals in a municipal solid waste management system. Waste Management, 26(12), 1337-1348. CR - Kanmani, S., & Gandhimathi, R. (2013), Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil due to leachate migration from an open dumping site. Applied Water Science, 3(1), 193-205. DOI 10.1007/s13201-012-0072-z CR - KASMİB (2018), Kastamonu ili 2017 yili çevre durum raporu. Kastamonu Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü. s. 117. CR - Liu, C., Cui, J., Jiang, G., Chen, X., Wang, L., & Fang C. (2013), Soil heavy metal pollution assessment near the largest landfill of China. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 22(4), 390-403. DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2013.733447 CR - Liu, Y. R., He, Z. Y., Yang, Z. M., Sun, G. X., & He, J. Z. (2016), Variability of heavy metal content in soils of typical Tibetan grasslands. Rsc Advances, 6(107), 105398-105405. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3732/be08dca20094f17bf8cf55835cedbe46e96a.pdf CR - Lu, X., Wang, L., Li, L. Y., Lei, K., Huang, L., & Kang, D. (2010). Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in street dust of Baoji, NW China. Journal of hazardous materials, 173(1-3), 744-749. CR - Madhaven, S., Rosenman, K. D., & Shehata, T. (1989), Lead in soil: maximum permissible levels. Environ. Res. 49, 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(89)80028-3 CR - Najib, N. W., Mohammed, S. A., Ismail, S. H., & Ahmad, W. A. (2012), Assessment of heavy metal in soil due to human activities in Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. Int J Civil Environ., 12(6), 28-33. CR - Nwachukwu, M. A., Feng, H., & Alinnor, J. (2011), Urban Environmental Pollution 2010: Trace Metal Dispersion in Soil from Auto-Mechanic Village to Urban Residential Areas in Owerri, Nigeria. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 4, 310-322. CR - Odukoya, O. O., Bamgbose, O., & Arowolo, T. A. (2000), Heavy metals in top soils of Abeokuta dump sites. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 6(4), 651-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v7i3.16273 CR - Öksüz, Ç. (2019), Determination of heavy metal concentration of soil and vegetation the city waste of Kastamonu. MSc Thesis, Kastamonu University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Forest Engineering, s. 90, Turkey. CR - Olafisoye, O. B., Adefioye, T., & Osibote, O. A. (2013), Heavy Metals Contamination of Water, Soil, and Plants around an Electronic Waste Dumpsite. Polish journal of environmental studies, 22(5). CR - Peramaki, L. A., & Decker, J. F. (2000), Lead in soil and sediment in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada and links with human health. Environ. Monitor. and Assess. 63, 329-339. CR - Prechthai, T., Padmasri, M., & Visvanathan, C. (2008), Quality assessment of mined MSW from an open dumpsite for recycling potential. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53(1-2), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.09.002 CR - Sakawi, Z., SA, S. M., Jaafar, O., & Mahmud, M. (2017), Community perception of odour pollution from landfills. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 7(3): 18-23. http://ejournal.ukm.my/gmjss/article/view/19840/6283 CR - Sulaiman, M. B., Santuraki, A. H., Isa, K. A., & Oluwasola, O. H. (2018), Geo-accumulation and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in Selected MSW Dumpsites Soil in Gombe, Nigeria. Bima. J. Sci. Techno, 2(2), 31-40. CR - Tatsi, A. A., & Zouboulis, A. I. (2002), A field investigation of the quantity and quality of leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill in a Mediterranean climate (Thessaloniki, Greece). Advances in Environmental Research, 6(3), 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00052-1 CR - TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Başkanlığı) (2017), Belediye Atık İstatistikleri, 2016. Haber Bülteni, 29/11/2017, Sayı: 24876 (in Turkish publication). CR - Tumuklu, A., Yalcin, M. G., & Sonmez, M. (2007), Detection of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil Caused by Nigde City Garbage Dump. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16(4): 651-658. http://www.pjoes.com/Detection-of-Heavy-Metal-Concentrations-in-Soil-r-nCaused-by-Nigde-City-Garbage-Dump,88034,0,2.html CR - Turekian, K. K., & Wedepohl, K. H. (1961), Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72(2): 175-192. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2 CR - Turhan, Ş., Garad, A. M. K., Hançerlioğulları, A., Kurnaz, A., Gören, E., Duran, C., Karataşlı, M., Altıkulaç, A., Savacı, G., & Aydın, A. (2020), Ecological assessment of heavy metals in soil around a coal-fired thermal power plant in Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences, 79(6), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-8864-1 CR - Uba, S., Uzairu, A., Harrison, G. F. S., Balarabe, M. L., & Okunola, O. J. (2008), Assessment of heavy metals bioavailability in dumpsites of Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(2). CR - Xiao, Z., He, P., & Shao, L. (2005), Effect of the total amount and speciation of heavy metals on its mobility in municipal solid waste landfill. Environmental chemistry-beijing-, 24(3), 269. CR - Xiaoli, C., Shimaoka, T., Xianyan, C., Qiang, G., & Youcai, Z. (2007), Characteristics and mobility of heavy metals in an MSW landfill: Implications in risk assessment and reclamation. Journal of hazardous materials, 144(1-2), 485-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.056 CR - Yalcin, M. G., Battaloglu, R., Ilhan, S., Tümüklü, A., & Topuz, D. (2007), Heavy metal contamination along the Nigde-Adana highway, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19(2), 1506. CR - Yalçın, M., & Çimrin, K. M. (2019), Determination of Molybdenum Contents and Relation of Some Heavy Metals in the Soil of Meadow-Pasture Terraces Between Kırıkhan-Reyhanlı. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i1.13-21.1997 UR - https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.703836 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1064885 ER -