TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ekmeklik Buğdayda Optik Sensör ile Azotlu Gübre Tavsiyesi
TT  - Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendation with Optical Sensor for Bread Wheat Varieties
AU  - Savaslı, Erdinc
AU  - Önder, Oğuz
AU  - Dayıoğlu, Ramis
AU  - Özen, Didem
AU  - Karaduman, Yaşar
AU  - Özdemir, Suat
AU  - Ateş, Özgür
AU  - Özsayın, Melih
PY  - 2021
DA  - June
Y2  - 2021
DO  - 10.29133/yyutbd.726039
JF  - Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences
JO  - YYU J AGR SCI
PB  - Van Yuzuncu Yıl University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1308-7576
SP  - 453
EP  - 465
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
LA  - tr
AB  - Bu çalışma, Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü arazisinde 2017-2019 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, Hat 30, Mesut, Nacibey ve Reis kışlık ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin kuru koşullar altında azot gübrelemesine verdikleri tepkiler, spektral yansımaya dayalı bitki örtüsü indeksleri ve bu indekslerden hesaplanan Mevsimsel Verim Tahminleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Örtü indekslerinin ölçülmesinde Optik sensör (Green Seeker) kullanılmıştır. Denemede Tesadüf Bloklarında Faktöriyel Deneme Deseni ve 6 farklı 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 ve 150 kg/ha azot dozu kullanılmıştır. Vejetasyon indeksleri (NDVI) Zadoks24, Zadoks30, Zadoks31 ve Zadoks32 büyüme dönemlerinde okunmuştur.  Zadoks30 (sapa kalkma dönemi) en gerçekçi okuma dönemi olarak bulunmuştur. 3 deneme ortalamasına göre yeni sistemin, ilkbahar (Zadoks30) dönemi uygulamalarında 15 kg/ha daha az azot ile benzer verim değerleri sağladığı ve ümit verici olduğunu görülmüştür. Sensör uygulamasının çiftçi uygulamasından % 5 daha etkin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
KW  - Buğday
KW  - Azot
KW  - Optik Sensör
KW  - NDVI
N2  - This study was conducted at Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute in Eskisehir, in 2017-2019 growing seasons. In the study, responses of four winter wheat cultivars (Hat30, Mesut, Nacibey and Reis) to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions were compared with vegetation indices based on spectral reflection and In- Season Estimates of Yield calculated from these indices. Optical -held sensor (Green Seeker) was used for this purpose. The experimental layout were used 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N/ha nitrogen rates 2 factor factorial in randomized complete block design in the experiment. Vegetation indices (NDVI) were obtained at growth stages Zadoks24, Zadoks30, Zadoks31 and Zadoks32. Zadoks30 (stem elongation) was found to be the most realistic reading time. Based on the average of 3 experiment fields, the new system resulted in the similar yields with that of 15 kg/ha less nitrogen in the spring (Zadoks30) season, promising to be input saving and profitable. The sensor application was found to be 5% more effective than that of farmer application.
CR  - Anonim (2019). Toprak Mahsülleri Ofisi Genel Müdürlüğü. http://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/ Document /alim/201/2019alimfiyati.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi:07.04.2020)
CR  - Ali, A.M., Ibrahim, S. M., &Singh, B. (2020). Wheat grain yield and nitrogen uptake prediction sing at Leaf and GreenSeeker portable optical sensors at jointing growth stage. 
 Information Processing in Agriculture, (In press.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2019.09.008 (accessed 1 Nov.2019).
CR  - Aparicio, N., Villegas, D., Araus, J. L., Casadesús, J.,&Royo, C.(2002). Relationship between growth traits and spectral vegetation indices in durum wheat. Crop 
 Science,42(5),1547–1555.   https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.1547
CR  - Araus, JI., Bort, J., Ceccarelli, S,&Grando, S.(1997)Relationship between leaf structure and carbon isotope discrimination in field-grown barley. Plant Physiol Bioch 35:533–541
CR  - Bijay-Singh, Varinderpal-Singh, Yadvinder-Singh, Thind, H.S., Ajay-Kumar, Satinderpal-Singh, Choudhary, O. P., Gupta, R. K., &Vashistha, M., (2013). Supplementing Fertilizer 
 Nitrogen Application to Irrigated Wheat at Maximum Tillering Stage Using Chlorophyll Meter and Optical Sensor.Agricultural Research,2(1),81– 89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003- 013-0053-
CR  - Bremner, J. M. 1965. Nitrogen Ed.: C.A.Black. In: Method of Soil Analysis. Part: II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Series. No:9.Agron.Inc.Madison. Wisconsin.USA
CR  - Cekiç, C., Savasli, E., Onder, O., Dayıoglu, R., Gokmen, F., Dursun, N., & S,Gezgin. (2008).4.Ulusal Bitki Besleme ve Gübre Kongresi.8-10 Ekim 2008 Konya.(s. 83).
CR  - Filella, I., Serrano, L., Serra, J., &Penuelas, J. (1995).Evaluating wheat nitrogen status with canopy reflectance indices and discriminant analysis. Crop Science,35(5),1400–1405. 
https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500050023x
CR  - Franzen, D., Kitchen, N., Holland, K., Schepers, J., & Raun, W. (2016).Algorithms for in-season nutrient management in cereals.Agronomy Journal,108(5),1775–1781.
 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.01.0041
CR  - Jacob T., Bushong, Jeremiah L. Mullock, D. Brian, Arnal l & Raun, W. R., (2018). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer source on corn (Zea mays L.) optical sensor response index values in a 
rain-fed environment. Journal Of Plant Nutrıtıon Volume 41,-,Pages:1172-1183,2018
CR  - Jensen, A., Lorenzen, B., Østergaard, H. S., & Hvelplund, E. K. (1990). Radiometric estimation of biomass and nitrogen content of barley grown at different nitrogen levels. 
 International Journal of Remote Sensing, 11(10), 1809–1820. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169008955131
CR  - Ji, R., Ju, M., Wang, Y., Hu, C., Zhang, H., & Shi, W., (2017). In-season yield prediction of cabbage with a hand-held active canopy sensor. Sensors (Switzerland),17(10),1–14. 
 https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102287
CR  - JMP. 13.0.0 Scintilla-Copyright(C) 1998-2014 by Neil Hodgson;neilh@scintilla.org SAS Institute. JMP 13.0 Users Guide.Carry,NC: Release SAS Institute Inc
CR  - Kalayci, M., Kaya, F., Aydın, M., Özbek, V., & Atlı, A. (1996). Batı geçit bölgesi koşullarında buǧdayın verim ve dane protein kapsami üzerine azotun Etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry,20 (SUPPL.1), 49–59.
CR  - Melaj, M. A., Echeverría, H. E., López, S. C., Studdert, G., Andrade, F., & Bárbaro, N. O. (2003).Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Wheat under Conventional and No-Tillage System. 
Agronomy Journal,95(6),1525–1531.https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj.2003.1525
CR  - Mullen, R. W., Freeman, K. W., Raun, W. R., Johnson, G. V., Stone, M. L., & Solie, J. B. (2003).Identifying an in-season response index and the potential to increase wheat yield with nitrogen. Agronomy Journal,95(2), 347–351. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.0347
CR  - Ortiz-Monasterio, J. I., & Raun, W. R., 2007. Reduced nitrogen for improved farm income for irrigated spring wheat in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico, using sensor-based nitrogen management. J. Agric. Sci. 145:215–222. DOI:10.1017/S0021859607006995
CR  - Peñuelas, J., Gamon, J. A., Griffin, K. L., & Field, C. B. (1993). Assessing community type, plant biomass, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency of aquatic vegetation from spectral reflectance. Remote Sensing of Environment,46(2),110–118.	 https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(93)90088-F
CR  - Raun, W. R., Solie, J. B., Johnson, G. V., Stone, M. L., Lukina, E. V., Thomason, W. E., & Schepers, J. S. (2001). In-season prediction of potential grain yield in winter wheat using canopy reflectance. Agronomy Journal,93(1),131–138. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.931131x
CR  - Raun, W. R., Solie, J. B., Stone M .L., Martin, K. L. Freeman, K. W. Mullen, R. W., Zhang, H., Schepers, J. S., & Johnson, G. V. (2005).Optical sensor-based algorithm for crop nitrogen fertilization. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,36(19–20),2759–2781.
 https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620500303988
CR  - Raun, William R, Solie, J. B., Johnson, G. V, Stone, M. L., Mullen, R. W., Freeman, K. W., Thomason, W. E., & Lukina, E. V. (2002). Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereal Grain Production with Optical Sensing and Variable Rate Application. AGRONOMY JOURNAL,VOL.94(JULY–AUGUST 20),815–820. 
https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/61ffd66d-4aba-35b4-8049-6712de5191af/
CR  - Savaşlı, E., Önder, Ö., Çekiç, C., Kalaycı H M., Dayıoğlu, R., Karaduman, K., Gökmen, F., Dursun, N., & Gezgin, S.,(2018). Sulu Şartlarda Ekmeklik Buğdayda Başaklanma Döneminde Yaprak Solüsyon Uygulamasının Tane Protein Kapsamı Üzerine Etkisi. Türk Tarım–Gıda Bil ve Tek.Der.6(1):84-90.
CR  - Singh, Bijay & Mohamed, Ali., (2020). Using Hand-Held Chlorophyll Meters and Canopy Reflectance Sensors for Fertilizer Nitrogen Management in Cereals in Small Farms in Developing Countries. Sensors. 20.10.3390/s20041127.
CR  - Stone, M. L., Solie, J. B. Raun, W. R., Whitney, R. W., Taylor, S. L., & Ringer, J. D. (1996). Use of spectral radiance for correcting in-season fertilizer nitrogen deficiencies in winter wheat. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,39(5),1623–1631. 	https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.27678
CR  - Teal, R. K., Tubana, B., Girma, K., Freeman, K. W., Arnall, D. B., Walsh, O., & Raun, W. R. (2006). In-season prediction of corn grain yield potential using normalized difference vegetation index. Agronomy Journal,98(6),1488–1494. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2006.0103
CR  - Weisz, R., Crozier, C. R., & Heiniger, R. W., (2001).Optimizing nitrogen application timing in no-till soft red winter wheat. Agronomy Journal,93(2),435–442.
 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.932435x
CR  - Westfall, D. G., Havlin, J. L., Hergert, G. W., & Raun, W. R. (1996). Nitrogen management in dryland cropping systems. Journal of Production Agriculture,9(2),192–199.
 https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1996.0192
CR  - Walsh, O., S., Shafian, S., & Christiaens, R. J. (2018). Evaluation of Sensor-Based Nitrogen Rates and Sources in Wheat. International Journal of Agronomy,2018. 
	https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5670479
CR  - Zadoks, J. C., Chang T. T., & Konzak, C. F., 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research, Volume14:415
UR  - https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.726039
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1068443
ER  -