TY - JOUR T1 - EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF CONTAMINANT CONTROL IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: A CASE STUDY OF RAIPUR, INDIA AU - Verma, Tikendra AU - Sınha, Shobha PY - 2020 DA - October DO - 10.18186/thermal.797836 JF - Journal of Thermal Engineering PB - Yildiz Technical University WT - DergiPark SN - 2148-7847 SP - 736 EP - 750 VL - 6 IS - 5 LA - en AB - Proper ventilation is an important strategy in the practice of infection control. Hospitals are complex atmospheres that require ventilation for thermal comfort of patients as well as control of harmful pathogens infection emissions. The present study is performed on a hospital at Raipur (21.2514° N, 81.6296° E), India, to analyze the avoidance of airborne infections from the mouth of patient to protect the doctor and other patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT. Incense smoke is used to for capturing velocity field. Twenty seven (27) cases of simulation were executed using different air change per hour (ACH) (6, 9 & 12) and different inlet and outlet positions talking into account the constant inlet temperature (20 °C). The wall temperatures were taken out from ISHRAE handbook for Raipur region. The velocity vector and capturing the flow field were also performed experimentally. All three turbulence model (Standard, RNG & Realizable) predictions have shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It can be effectively employed to validate the extensively used k-ε model which was commonly used for ICU. KW - CFD KW - VENTILATION DESIGN KW - SIMULATION KW - AIRBORNE DISEASE CR - [1] Runchal AK. Brian spalding: CFD & reality: A personal recollection. J Franklin Inst. 2014; 351(1):65-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2012.12.004 CR - [2] Sun Z, Wang S. A CFD-based test method for control of indoor environment and space ventilation. Build Environ. 2010;45(6):1441-1447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.12.007 CR - [3] Villafruela JM, Olmedo I, Ruiz de Adana M, Méndez C, Nielsen P V. CFD analysis of the human exhalation flow using different boundary conditions and ventilation strategies. Build Environ. 2013;62:191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.01.022 CR - [4] Marocco L, Mora A. CFD modeling of the Dry-Sorbent-Injection process for flue gas desulfurization using hydrated lime. Sep Purif Technol. 2013;108:205-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.02.012 CR - [5] Zhang Z, Chen Q. Comparison of the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for predicting particle transport in enclosed spaces. Atmos Environ. 2007;41(25):5236-5248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.086 CR - [6] Yau YH, Chandrasegaran D, Badarudin A. The ventilation of multiple-bed hospital wards in the tropics: A review. Build Environ. 2011; 46(5):1125-1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.11.013 CR - [7] Balocco C, Lio P. Assessing ventilation system performance in isolation rooms. Energy Build. 2011;43(1):246-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.09.020 CR - [8] Lim T, Cho J, Kim BS. The predictions of infection risk of indoor airborne transmission of diseases in high-rise hospitals: Tracer gas simulation. Energy Build. 2010; 42(8):1172-1181.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.02.008 CR - [9] Verma T N, Sinha S L. Numerical Simulation of Contaminant Control in Multi-Patient Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. J. Med. Imaging and Health Info. 2015; 5:1088-1092. https://doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2015.1500 CR - [10] Verma T N, Sinha S L. Contaminant control in Intensive Care Unit of Hospital. Appl. Mechanics and Materials. 2014; 592-594. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.592-594.2486 CR - [11] Kalliomäki P, Saarinen P, Tang JW, Koskela H. Airflow patterns through single hinged and sliding doors in hospital isolation rooms – Effect of ventilation, flow differential and passage. Build Environ. 2016; 107:154- 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.07.009 CR - [12] Qian H, Li Y, Seto WH, Ching P, Ching WH, Sun HQ. Natural ventilation for reducing airborne infection in hospitals. Build Environ. 2010; 45(3):559-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.07.011 CR - [13] Kwon S-B, Park J, Jang J, et al. Study on the initial velocity distribution of exhaled air from coughing and speaking. Chemosphere. 2012; 87(11):1260-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.032 CR - [14] Hang J, Li Y, Jin R. The influence of human walking on the flow and airborne transmission in a six-bed isolation room: Tracer gas simulation. Build Environ. 2014; 77:119-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.03.029 CR - [15] Ma X, Shao X, Li X, Lin Y. An analytical expression for transient distribution of passive contaminant under steady flow field. Build Environ. 2012; 52:98-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.12.013 CR - [16] Noh K-C, Kim H-S, Oh M-D. Study on contamination control in a minienvironment inside clean room for yield enhancement based on particle concentration measurement and airflow CFD simulation. Build Environ. 2010; 45(4):825-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.09.001 CR - [17] Yam R, Yuen PL, Yung R, Choy T. Rethinking hospital general ward ventilation design using computational fluid dynamics. J. Hospital Infection. 2011; 77: 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2010.08.010 CR - [18] Tripathi B, Moulic SG. Investigation of Air Drafting Pattern Obtained from the Variation in Outlet Positions inside a Closed Area. J. Applied Fluid Mechanics. 2012; 5 (4). https://doi.org/10.36884/jafm.5.04.19455 CR - [19] Martinho N, Lopes A, Gameiro da Silva M. Evaluation of errors on the CFD computation of air flow and heat transfer around the human body. Build Environ. 2012;58:58-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.06.018 CR - [20] Gupta JK, Lin CH, Chen Q. Characterizing Exhaust Airflow from Breathtaking and Talking. Indoor Air. 2010; 20: 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00623.x CR - [21] Sinha SL, Arora RC, Roy S. Numerical simulation of two-dimensional room air flow with and without buoyancy. Energy Build. 2000;32(1):121-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(99)00047-X CR - [22] Villafruela JM, San José JF, Castro F, Zarzuelo A. Airflow patterns through a sliding door during opening and foot traffic in operating rooms. Build Environ. 2016;109:190-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.09.025 CR - [23] Chao CYH, Wan MP, Morawska L, et al. Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening. J Aerosol Sci. 2009;40(2):122-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.10.003 CR - [24] Cheong KWD, Djunaedy E, Poh TK, et al. Measurements and computations of contaminant’s distribution in an office environment. Build Environ. 2003; 38(1):135-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00031- 8 CR - [25] King M-F, Noakes CJ, Sleigh PA, Camargo-Valero MA. Bioaerosol deposition in single and two-bed hospital rooms: A numerical and experimental study. Build Environ. 2013; 59:436-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.09.011 CR - [26] Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc. Handbook e HV AC applications 2007. CR - [27] Morsi S A, Alexander A J. An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems. Journal of Fluid Mech 1972, 55:193-208. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112072001806 CR - [28] Crowe C T, Sommerfeld M, Tsuji T. Multiphase flow with droplet and particles. Boca Roton: CRC Press 1998. CR - [29] Launder B E, Spalding D B. The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Computer method in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 1974, 3: 269-289. CR - [30] Verma TN, Nashine P, Singh DV, Singh TS, Panwar D. ANN: Prediction of an experimental heat transfer analysis of concentric tube heat exchanger with corrugated inner tubes. Applied Thermal Engineering 2017;120: 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.126 CR - [31] Verma TN, Sahu AK, Sinha SL. Study of particle dispersion on one bed hospital using Computational Fluid Dynamics; Materials Today: Proceedings, Elsevier 2017; 4(9): 10074-10079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.323 CR - [32] Verma TN, Sinha SL. Contaminant control in intensive care unit (ICU) using CFD modeling; International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE) 2013; 3(1). CR - [33] Verma TN, Sinha SL. Trajectory of contaminated particle in intensive (ICU) of hospitals using numerical modeling; International Journal on Design & Manufacturing Technologies (IJDMT) 2015; 9(1): 43-47. CR - [34] Verma TN, Sahu AK, Sinha SL. Numerical Simulation of Air Pollution Control in Hospital. In: Sharma N., Agarwal A., Eastwood P., Gupta T., Singh A. (eds) Air Pollution and Control. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7185-0_11 CR - [35] Sahu AK, Verma TN, Sinha SL. Numerical simulation of air flow to ventilate intensive care unit of hospital; International Research Publication House; Computer Application in Education and Research for Science and Technology 2018; 1: 131-138. CR - [36] Gorji MH, Gorji TB, Bandpy MG. Details of regional particle deposition and air flow structures in a realistic model of human tracheobronchial airways: two-phase flow simulation; Computers in Biology and Medicine 2016; 71: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.04.017 CR - [37] Gorji MH, Ghajar M. Modeling of the air conditions effects on the power and fuel consumption of the SI engine using neural networks and regression. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 2017; 39:375–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0539-1 CR - [38] Pourmehran O, Gorji MH, Bandpy MG, Baou M. Comparison between the volumetric flow rate and pressure distribution for different kinds of sliding thrust bearing. Propulsion and Power research 2015; 4(2): 84-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jppr.2015.05.002 CR - [39] Ahmed N, Shah NA, Ahmad B, Shah SIA, Ulhaq S, Gorj MR. Transient MHD convective flow of fractional nanofluid between vertical plate. Journal of Applied and computational Mechanics. https://doi.org/10.22055/JACM.2018.26947.1364 CR - [40] Ünlügençoğlu K, Yurtseven A, Alarçin F. Shipping emission dispersions of the port of ambarli via CFD modelling. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2020; 6 (2):1-14. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.713553 CR - [41] Prakash O, Arora R. Flow Characterization of multi-phase particle slurry in thermal power plants using computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2020; 6 (1):187-203. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.672785 CR - [42] Sener R, Ozdemir MR, Yangaz MU. Effect of the geometrical parameters in a domestic burner with crescent flame channels for an optimal temperature distribution and thermal efficiency. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2019; 5 (6):171-183. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.654303 CR - [43] Netam N, Sanyal S, Bhowmick S. Assessing the impact of passive cooling on thermal comfort in LIG house using CFD. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2019; 5 (5):414-421. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.623212 CR - [44] Acikgoz O. Determination of convective, radiative, and total heat transfer characteristics over a radiant heated ceiling: A computational approach. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2019; 5 (5):372-384. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.623191 CR - [45] Ghogare AG, Sinha SL, Verma TN. Numerical simulation for optimization of the indoor environment of an occupied office building using double-panel and ventilation radiator; Journal of Building Engineering 2020; 29 (101139): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101139 CR - [46] Anthony AS, Verma TN. Numerical analysis of natural convection in a room heated with a radiator and its implication on thermal comfort; Journal of Thermal Engineering. (Accepted). CR - [47] Sahu AK, Verma TN, Sinha SL. Numerical Simulation of Air Flow in Multiple beds Intensive Care Unit of Hospital; International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering (IJAME) 2019; 16,(2): 6796- 6807. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.2.2019.24.0511 CR - [48] Ghogare AG, Sinha SL, Verma TN. Effect of inlet airflow direction on the indoor environment of a naturally ventilated room using CFD; International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 2020; 9 (3): 580-591. CR - [49] Arvind Kumar Sahu, Sinha SL, Verma TN. Numerical simulation of air flow to ventilate intensive care unit of hospital; Computer Application in Education and Research for Science and Technology; International Research Publication House (IRPH) 2018; 131-138. CR - [50] Bayareh M, Nouurbakhsh A. Study on the effect of porous plates on the tank bottom on the boiling process. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2019; 5 (3):149-156. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.540120 CR - [51] Kaya H, Ekiciler R, Arslan K. CFD analysis on laminar forced convective heat transfer for TiO2/water nanofluid in a semi-circular cross-sectioned micro-channel. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2019; 5 (3):123- 137. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.540043 CR - [52] Menni Y, Azzi A, Zidani C. CFD simulations of thermo-aeraulic fields in a channel with multiple baffle plates. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2018; 4 (6):2481-2495. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.465696 CR - [53] Gul MZ, Koten H, Yilmaz M, Savci IH. Advanced numerical and experimental studies on CI engine emissions. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2018; 4 (4):2234-2247. https://doi.org/10.18186/journal-of- thermal-engineering.434044 CR - [54] Koten H. Performance analysis of a diesel engine with multi-dimensional framework. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2018; 4 (4):2201-2210. https://doi.org/10.18186/journal-of-thermal-engineering.414153 UR - https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.797836 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1301380 ER -