TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Study on Influence of Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle on Hematological Parameters
AU  - Hanchinal, Vijayashri Basavaraj
AU  - Sambranı, Ambhuja
AU  - Baljoshi, Vineet
PY  - 2021
DA  - May
Y2  - 2021
JF  - Deneysel ve Klinik Tıp Dergisi
JO  - J. Exp. Clin. Med.
PB  - Ondokuz Mayıs University
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1309-4483
SP  - 308
EP  - 311
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
LA  - en
AB  - Objective: Menstruation is the most common phenomenon observed in fertile women. Menstrual cycle (MC) is of 3 phases: proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstruation phase. It is controlled by endocrine system. Natural fluctuations in sex steroid hormones during MC causes changes in hematological parameters. The aim of the present study to assess the impact of different phases of MC on hematological parameters.Methods: The study was conducted in KIMS, Hubli, from 01st March 2011 to 31st March 2012. Women aged between 20-30 years with regular menstrual cycle of 27-30 days were included in the study. During each visit, the subjects’ blood was collected and analyzed using KX-21 SYSMEX for various hematological parameters.Results: A total of 50 healthy young women were included in the study. On statistical comparing of hematological parameters, hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophil count and eosinophil count showed a significant difference while no statistically significant difference was observed in RBC, leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet count between different phases of MC.Conclusion: To conclude, the hematological parameters during the MC are highly dependent on the phasic changes in the immune response mechanism and sex steroid hormones.
KW  - Menstrual cycle
KW  - hematological parameters
KW  - phases of menstrual cycle
CR  - Abbott, R., Chandra, M., Chandra, R., 2010. Total Platelet Count, Adhesive Platelet Count, Platelet Adhesiveness in Normal Menstrual Cycle and Functional Uterine Bleeding: A Comparative Study. Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1983.tb00631.x
CR  - Alzahrani, F., Hassan, F., 2019. Modulation of Platelet Functions Assessment during Menstruation and Ovulatory Phases. Journal of medicine and life 12, 296–300. https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2019-0005
CR  - Bain, B.J., England, J.M., 1975. Variations in Leucocyte Count During Menstrual Cycle. British Medical Journal 2, 473–475. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5969.473
CR  - Bouman, A., Jan Heineman, M., Faas, M.M., 2005. Sex hormones and the immune response in humans. Human Reproduction Update 11, 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmi008
CR  - Bouman, A., Moes, H., Heineman, M.J., De Leij, L.F.M.H., Faas, M.M., 2001. The immune response during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle: Increasing sensitivity of human monocytes to endotoxin. Fertility and Sterility 76, 555–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(01)01971-9
CR  - Dapper, D.V.B., Didia, B.C., 2002. Haemorheological changes during the menstrual cycle. East African Medical Journal 79, 181–183. https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v79i4.8874
CR  - Drici, M.D., Burklow, T.R., Haridasse, V., Glazer, R.I., Woosley, R.L., 1996. Sex hormones prolong the QT interval and downregulate potassium channel expression in the rabbit heart. Circulation 94, 1471–1474. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.6.1471
CR  - Dullo, P., Vedi, N., 2008. Changes in serum calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus levels during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences 1, 77. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-1208.44115
CR  - Faas, M., Bouman, A., Moesa, H., Heineman, M.J., De Leij, L., Schuiling, G., 2000. The immune response during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle: A Th2-type response? Fertility and Sterility 74, 1008–1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(00)01553-3
CR  - Harewood, W.J., Gillin, A., Hennessy, A., Armitstead, J., Horvath, J.S., Tiller, D.J., 2000. The effects of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and early lactation on haematology and plasma biochemistry in the baboon (Papio hamadryas). Journal of Medical Primatology 29, 415–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0684.2000.290606.x
CR  - Kumar Chawla, V., Choudhary, R., Kumar Binawara, B., Choudhary, S., 2010. HAEMATOLOGICAL AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE, Pak J Physiol 6, 18-21. http://www.pps.org.pk/PJP/6-1/Ranjee.pdf
CR  - Makinoda, S., Mikuni, M., Sogame, M., Kobamatsu, Y., Furuta, I., Yamada, H., Yamamoto, R., Fujimoto, S., 1996. Erythropoietin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 during the normal menstrual cycle. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 55, 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(96)02769-5
CR  - Malipatil, B.S., Patil, S., 2013. HEMATOLOGICAL MODULATION IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE. Int Jour of Biomed Res 4, 88. https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v4i2.932
CR  - Molloy, E.J., O’Neill, A.J., Grantham, J.J., Sheridan-Pereira, M., Fitzpatrick, J.M., Webb, D.W., Watson, R.W.G., 2003. Sex-specific alterations in neutrophil apoptosis: The role of estradiol and progesterone. Blood 102, 2653–2659. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-02-0649
CR  - Northern, A.L.D., Rutter, S.M., Peterson, C.M., 1994. Cyclic changes in the concentrations of peripheral blood immune cells during the normal menstrual cycle. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 207, 81–88. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-207-43795
CR  - Pathak, C.L., Kahali, B.S., 1957. Cyclic variations in the eosinophil count during the phases of the menstrual cycle. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 17, 862–869. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-17-7-862
CR  - Pehlivanoǧlu, B., Balkanci, Z.D., Ridvanaǧaoǧlu, A.Y., Durmazlar, N., Öztürk, G., Erbaş, D., Okur, H., 2001. Impact of stress, gender and menstrual cycle on immune system: Possible role of nitric oxide. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 109, 383–387. https://doi.org/10.1076/apab.109.4.383.4234
CR  - Reeves, J.T., Zamudio, S., Dahms, T.E., Asmus, I., Braun, B., Butterfield, G.E., McCullough, R.G., Muza, S.R., Rock, P.B., Moore, L.G., 2001. Erythropoiesis in women during 11 days at 4,300 m is not affected by menstrual cycle phase. Journal of Applied Physiology 91, 2579–2586. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2579
CR  - Shilpa, N., Itagi, V., Rani, R., 2018. A Study of Hemoglobin Concentration in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle. International Journal of Physiology 6, 90. https://doi.org/10.5958/2320-608x.2018.00059.8
CR  - Thiyagarajan, D.K., Jeanmonod, R., 2019. Physiology, Menstrual Cycle, StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
CR  - Thongngarm, T., Jenkins, J.K., Ndebele, K., McMurray, R.W., 2003. Estrogen and progesterone modulate monocyte cell cycle progression and apoptosis. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 49, 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00015.x
CR  - Tikare, S.N., Das, K.K., Dhundasi, S.A., 2008. Blood leukocyte profile in different phases of menstrual cycle. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 52, 201–204.
CR  - Tindall VR, 1987. Jeffcoate’s principles of Gynecology, 5th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann & Co Ltd, London.
CR  - Treloar, A.E., Boynton, R.E., Behn, B.G., Brown, B.W., 1970. Variation of the human menstrual cycle through reproductive life. International Journal of Fertility 12, 77–126.
CR  - Usha Rani M D, Y.S., Manjunath N B, P.D., D, Knn.M., 2014. Comparative Study of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters during Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Young Healthy Women Aged 18-22 Years, IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN 9, 09-11. http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jdms/papers/Vol9-issue2/B0920911.pdf
CR  - Van Den Heuvel, M.J., Horrocks, J., Bashar, S., Taylor, S., Burke, S., Hatta, K., Lewis, J.E., Croy, B.A., 2005. Menstrual cycle hormones induce changes in functional interactions between lymphocytes and decidual vascular endothelial cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90, 2835–2842. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-1742.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/omujecm/issue//857022
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1498000
ER  -