Macromycetes determined in Muradiye (Van) district

: The study was based on macrofungi samples collected from the region within the boundaries of Muradiye district of Van province in 2014 and 2015. As a result of field and laboratory studies 86 macrofungi species belonging to 50 genera, 25 families, seven orders and three classes within the divisions Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were determined. The determined taxa are listed together with their habitats, substrates, collection locality, geographic coordinates and personel voucher numbers. One of them, Melanophyllum haematospermum (Bull.: Fr.) Kreisel, is a new record for Turkey as the first member of the genus Melanophyllum Velen.


Introduction
Fungi are an important group of organism for nature, and about 1.5 million species of them have been supposed to exist in the world (Hawksworth et al., 1995).Those fungi with fruiting bodies that can be seen by naked eye are known as macrofungi and almost 15.000 of them were determined in Europe (Lukić, 2008).
Starting especially from the first quarter of 20 th century, many studies have also been carried out on the macrofungi of Turkey and almost 2.400 taxa have been determined (Sesli and Denchev, 2014;Solak et al., 2015).But the macrofungal biodiversity of Turkey hasnʹt completely been determined yet.
Muradiye is a district of Van province within Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey and situated between 38°44ʹ -39°12ʹ north latitudes and 43°34ʹ -43°53ˊ east longitudes.The district is surrounded by Diyadin (Ağrı) district to north, central district of Van to the south, Çaldıran and Özalp districts to the east and Erciş district to the west (Figure 1).Bendimahi and Zincirli streams, and Van lake are the main hydrologic components of the region.According to the data obtained from Muradiye Meteorological Station, the region has an annual average temperature of 9.2 °C and a total precipitation of 582 mm.Steppe vegetation is the dominant vegetation type in the region.Populus L., Salix L., Quercus L., Malus Mill.and Juglans L. are the major tree population affecting the growth of macrofungi in the region.
Though some macrofungal biodiversity studies have been carried out in neighboring districts and provinces (Demirel, 1996;Demirel and Uzun, 1996;Uzun and Demirel, 1996;Demirel et al., 2002Demirel et al., , 2003Demirel et al., , 2004Demirel et al., , 2010Demirel et al., , 2015 The study aims to determine the macrofungi of the district and make a contribution to the mycobiota of Turkey.

Results
The determined taxa are listed in alphabetical order and the systematics follows Index Fungorum (accessed on 5 December 2019).
Thirty five (%40.79) of the determined taxa are edible.But only three of them are collected and consumed by local people.Among them Agrocybe dura is known as "çimen mantarı" in the region while Pleurotus ostreatus is known as "ağaç/kavak mantarı" and Pleurotus eryngii is known as "heliz mantarı".Forty two (%48.84) of them are inedible and 9 (%10.47) of them are more or less poisonous.
The taxa determined in Muradiye district were compared with the findings of the studies carried out in neighbouring regions and some similarities were observed.These studies and the similarity percentages are given in Table 1.Among the determined taxa, Bovista plumbea, Coprinus comatus, Psilocybe coronilla, Volvopluteus gloiocephalus and Polyporus rhizophilus were also recorded from the region by Demirel (1996).All the other taxa are new for the region while Melanophyllum haematospermum are new for Turkish mycobiota at genus level.

Table 1 .
Similarity percentages of neighbouring studies with Muradiye district.