The Role of Stakeholders in The Makassar Tidak Rantasa’ Program: Knowledge and Public Participation

The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of the role of stakeholders in relation with knowledge and public participation in Makassar Tidak Rantasa’ program. This research used quantitative with survey design. The population in this study were all Makassar city residents. The sampling technique used quota sampling technique. The research sample of 90 people were selected based on the representation of the population of each village. The results showed that there was a positive direct effect between the roles of stakeholders and knowledge Increased knowledge can lead to increased roles. Furthermore there is a positive direct effect of community participation on the role. This means that increasing community participation will increase the role of stakeholders. Therefore, there needs to be an effort to increase stakeholder roles through policies related to community knowledge and participation. It was intended for every community behave in accordance with knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards the MTR program with good impact on increasing the role of stakeholders. The government must invite the public to participate to contribute both ideas, thoughts, energy, and morale, provide relevant information about Makassar city government program.


INTRODUCTION
The problem of urban waste is one of the problems of all countries, including in developed and developing countries. Indonesia is a developing country with the fourth largest population growth of 265 million. Indonesia has the largest population, so the waste problem in Indonesia is no longer a new thing. The increase in the volume of waste can be said to be due to the increasing population and limited land for the final disposal of waste so that it becomes a problem that must be solved immediately. So with increasing population growth, it is at risk of increasing the volume of waste or rubbish in the form of organic or inorganic waste (Widiyanto et al., 2019). Berger and Goldfarb (2017) explain that waste must be handled wisely. It was explained that waste is a very big problem that must be faced. Bashir et al (2018) add that waste has a conceptual material that is not valuable to be disposed of by not ignoring the original function of the material. According to him, waste is material that is not valuable for the benefit of being disposed of 2 by not ignoring the original function of the material.
South Sulawesi is one of the provinces in eastern Indonesia that is stretching in infrastructure development, especially in the capital city of Makassar, the center of development as well as the center for districts / cities throughout South Sulawesi in terms of development. As a big city in eastern Indonesia, Makassar, which has a population of 1.4 million, has 14 sub-districts and 143 villages. With this population density, the resulting volume of waste is very large, both in the form of organic or inorganic waste. Thus, awareness is needed from the Makassar city government together with its citizens in managing waste and knowing the impact of losses that can be caused by waste problems.
Makassar city government made a regulation as an effort to overcome the waste problem, namely Perda No. 4/2011 concerning waste management in point b states that the problem regarding waste management needs to be carried out in a comprehensive and integrated management in order to provide economic benefits 3, be healthy for the community and be safe for the environment and be able to change behavior. From these regulations, then the community is expected to apply 6R system, namely Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Refuse, and Rethink.
These activities can be successful not only by the government, but there must also be synergy between citizens and entrepreneurs in overcoming the waste problem. In 2014, there was a change of leadership of the mayor and vice mayor, namely Mr. Ir. H. Moh. Ramdhan Pomanto as mayor and Mr. Dr. Syamsu Rizal, S. Sos, M.Sc as vice mayor. With the change of leadership, it is expected that various ideas related to development can be generated and thus can be included in the RPJP (Shortterm Development Plan). The cleanliness problem is not finished and is present every year and the right solution has not been found in overcoming the problem. Various programs were presented by the city government in overcoming these problems. One of the policies / plans promoted by the mayor of Makassar is the "Makassarta Tidak Rantasa" (Gemar MTR). The program was presented in April 2014 by the Makassar city government as a form of commitment, care and at the same time proving to the community that Makassar can be a comfortable and clean city '. The presence of the MTR program is due to the dirty condition of Makassar city and people who are less concerned with cleanliness, where there are still people who are littering. With this phenomenon, resulting in an increase in the volume of waste.
The use of the word 'Rantasa' is Makassar language and means 'dirty'. From the naming, it is hoped that this MTR program can be an encouragement for the community in making Makassar even better in terms of cleanliness. This program is also an effort to raise awareness and change the mindset of the community in prioritizing hygiene aspects in daily life. Thus, the presence of this program as part of the culture of siri'na pace which is the philosophy of life of the Bugis and Makassar people. Based on this, a program was declared to overcome these problems and it was hoped that the community could prioritize aspects of cleanliness in daily life, because without the support of the community the "Makassar Tidak Rantasa"" Program could not run properly.
Makassar Mayor has made an instruction to SKPD and District throughout the main Makassar city sanitation department in order to implement programs that support MTR. The implementation of the MTR program is based on the decision of the Mayor of Makassar to the SKPD and the districts of Makassar city. According to the Mayor of Makassar, Mr. Danny Pomanto "This MTR is a moral reconstruction movement that is by reconstructing people's perspectives to live cleanly especially with regard to waste (Badan arsip, 2014). Based on the information obtained that there are complaints from the public regarding cleanliness issues. From April-June 2015 data there has been an increase in complaints, including those related to hygiene problems from 8 to 13 complaints (Humas Kota Makassar, 2015). From the results of observations, the implementation of the MTR program in several districts can be said to have not proceeded as expected. This is known after the program has been running for twelve months, the condition of Makassar city at that time was not very visible in terms of changes in cleanliness. There are still piles of garbage on the side of the road and also scattered, plus the lack of awareness from the public about environmental cleanliness.
So that the role of stakeholders and community support in the implementation of the MTR to overcome this waste problem is very necessary because without the synergy between stakeholders and the community, the program may not necessarily be implemented well. The city government can provide public service, as with increasing public knowledge and education. The explanation was explained by (Wibisono, 2017) that the people's demand for the government to implement good governance is to increase the level of knowledge and education. good governance. Bryson (2004) defines stakeholders are any individual, group, or organization that has an interest in organizational resources or results or is also influenced by these results. Another definition of stakeholders is as a community, both individuals and groups, which have legitimacy, power, and importance to the success of the company (Chandra, Indarto, Wiguna, & Kaming, 2011). The role of stakeholders can be influenced by knowledge. In the current era of globalization, where information is open as wide as possible, so is the presence of knowledge that can be absorbed by various parties. Okioga (2013) also explained that the implementation of a solid and responsible state government, which is transparent, responsive, efficient and effective. Good governance can be carried out by perfecting the overall state administration system, so there must be commitment and active participation from various parties.
As a treasure of mental wealth obtained directly or indirectly, knowledge can enrich life on every front. Rajaratenam, et al, (2014: 225) said that someone who has knowledge can influence his behavior, so that if someone's knowledge is good then his behavior can be better. Danilewicz (2018) in his research said knowledge comes from the results of events after people have sensed a certain object. Furthermore, the factor considered to be able to influence the role of stakeholders is public participation. Policies or programs that are pro-public, can result in high levels of participation. Because the community is the main asset in every ongoing program implementation. As explained by Manzoor, Shah, and Saleem (2019) that, policies that benefit the public will increase high participation from the community as well ". The quote emphasizes that if the policy benefits the community it will increase high participation from the community as well.
Someone's desire to participate can be influenced by various factors, as said by Putman (1993) the factors that influence people's willingness to participate in development are a sense of interdependence, mutual trust, and the existence of a network of social organizations that facilitate cooperation for mutual benefit (Tartari, 2015). Kendal and Widodo (2018) argue a person who participates actually experiences the involvement of his / her ego which is more than involvement in work or tasks alone, which means the involvement of thoughts and feelings. Widiyanti and Airlangga (2017) assert that public participation has shifted the concept of participation towards a concern with various forms of citizen participation in policy making and decision making in various key venues that affect the lives of community members Anggriawan (2014) said that the term participation is spontaneous involvement in the form of thoughts, energy, goods or money accompanied by responsibility answer to the interests of groups to achieve goals.
From the background explanation above, it can be concluded that a scientific study is needed on the role of stakeholders in "Makassar Tidak Rantasa" Program 'as a link between knowledge and public participation.

2.1.
Research Design In order to reach the aim of study above, the method which engaged in this research is survey method design. The data were collecting trough selecting sample from populations. Next step employed quantitative approach to describe the effect between each variable with path analysis technique. Sugiyono (2018) explained that the population is a generalization area consisting of objects / subjects that have certain qualities and characteristics determined by researchers to be studied and then drawn conclusions. Tangkudung (2016: 2) also said the population in the study was the subject as a whole to be studied.

Population and Sample
The population is determined by dividing into two in accordance with what was said by Sumaatmaja in Lestari (2012: 40) that the population of the area which includes Biringkanaya subdistrict which has 11 villages namely Bulurokeng, Daya, Paccerakkang, Pai, Sudiang, Sudiang Raya, Untia, Berua, Katimbang , Laikang, and Bakung. Then, the Biringkanaya sub-district has a population of 202,520 with a total of 72,230 households from 11 villages. The target population in this study is the population of Makassar City, while the affordable population is the population of each village in the Biringkanaya District of Makassar City.
Furthermore, in determining a sample that represents the number and characteristics of the population (Sugiyono, 2018) using the quota sampling technique. Morrisan (2012) said the quota sampling technique is the selection of respondents with the provisions that it has met a percentage, so that it will have a distribution with the same characteristics in the population that will be examined using a total sample. The sampling technique uses the Dixon and B. Leach formulas. From this calculation, a total sample of 90 people was obtained, with the distribution based on the number of residents per village proportionally. The following table is a breakdown of the number of samples per village.

Data Collection and Analysis
Based on the calculation of the validity and the reliability made total of questionnaire for variabel knowledge are 25. While the total of questionnaires for variable public participation are 26 and for variable of the role of stakeholder are 26.
Based on the framework of thinking that has been explained previously, a path chart can be drawn which shows the role of stakeholder, knowledge and public participation. Data collection in this study was conducted by using a Likert scale questionnaire. Questionnaires are arranged based on indicators from research variables. The alternative choice of questionnaire answers are strongly agree, agree, doubtful, disagree, and strongly disagree. Before it was used to collect the data, the questionnaire was first tested for its validity and reliability. Validity test was done by using Pearson Product Moment formula, while reliability test was done by using the Cronbach Alpha formula. Data analysis technique in this study used path analysis. Data from the research instruments were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Testing the hypothesis started with the test requirements analysis which includes normality test, linearity test and significance test. Data was processed with n SPSS for Windows Ver. 25.00.
Public Participation (X 2 ) The Role of Stakeholder (Y) Knowledge (X 1 )

FINDINGS 3.1. Data Descriptions
Data description of each research variable is presented in the following  Table 1 shows that the range of empirical scores on the the role of stakeholder variable is beetwen 99 and 126, so the range of score is 27. Based on the results of the calculation it is known that mean is 114,86; median 115.0; standard deviation 5,35 and sample variance 28,6194. Table 2 shows that the range of empirical scores on the the role of stakeholder variable is beetwen 13 and 25, so the range of score is 12. Based on the results of the calculation it is known that mean is 19,21; median 19,5; standard deviation 2,82 and sample variance 7,94377.  Table 3 shows that the range of empirical scores on the the role of stakeholder variable is beetwen 92 and 119 so the range of score is 27. Based on the results of the calculation it is known that mean is 105,80; median 19,5; standard deviation 2,82 and sample variance 7,94377.

Requirements Analysis Tests
The requirements analysis tests used were the estimated error normality test, linearity test and significance test. The description of requirements analysis test result is as follows:

Estimated error normality
Estimated error normality test was done to see whether the sample that came from a population was normally distributed. In path analysis, sample errors must come from populations that are normally distributed. The statistical test used to test normality was done by using Lilliefors formula.

1) Normality Test for Estimated Error Data of The Role Stakeholder on Knowledge (Y on X1)
The results of Lilliefors statistical calculations showed that the normality for the estimated error Y on X1 obtained Lcount of 0,0644. Lilliefors critical value Ltabel for n = 90 at a = 0.05 is 0,093. Based on these results, it is known that the Lcount = Ltabel (0,0644 < 0,093), so it can be concluded that the distribution of the role stakeholder variable estimation error (Y) on the knowledge varable (X1) comes from a population that has a normal distribution.

2) Normality Test for Estimated Error Data of The Role Stakeholder on Public Participation (Y on X2)
The results of Lilliefors statistical calculations showed that the normality for the estimated error Y on X1 obtained Lcount of 0,0532. Lilliefors critical value Ltabel for n = 90 at a = 0.05 is 0,093. Based on these results, it is known that the Lcount = Ltabel (0,0532 < 0,093), so it can be concluded that the distribution of the role stakeholder variable estimation error (Y) on the public participation (X2) comes from a population that has a normal distribution.

Significance and regression linearity test 1) Significance and Linearity Test of The Role Stakeholder on Knowledge (Y on X1)
From the calculation data for the preparation of the regression equation model between roles of stakeholder and knowledge obtained a regression constant a = 97.037 and a regression coefficient b = 0.928. Thus the relationship of the simple regression equation model is Y = 97.037 + 0.928X 1 . Before the regression equation model is further analyzed and used in drawing conclusions, first the significance and linearity of the regression equation is tested. The results of calculations of significance and linearity are arranged in the ANAVA table as in the following table.

2) Significance and Linearity Test of the Role Stakeholder on Public Participation (Y on X2)
From

Hypothesis Testing
To know the amount of direct influence and significance test for each path can be seen in the following table.  The hypothesis being tested is: H 0 : ßy 1 = 0 H 1 : ßy 1 > 0 The value of the knowledge path coefficient on the role of stakeholders is 0.341 with a t count of 4.098. Therefore the value of t is greater than t tabel on dk = 86 for a = 0.05 of 1.99 and the probability value of Sig. (0,000) < significant level (0.05), then H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted. It means there is a positive direct effect of knowledge variables on significant role stakeholders variables 2) Positive direct effect of community participation on roles stakholder The hypothesis being tested is: H 0 : ßy 2 = 0 H 1 : ßy 2 > 0 The coefficient value of the path of community participation to the role of 0.317 with a t count of 3.829. Therefore the value of t is greater than t table value at dk = 86 for a = 0.05 of 1.99 and the probability of Sig. (0,000) < significant level (0.05), then H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted, which means that there is a positive direct effect of community participation variables on significant role variables.

CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
The results obtained after analyzing the model are used as a basis for answering hypotheses and drawing conclusions in this study. The explanation of the hypothesis's answer can be described as follows: The results of the first hypothesis analysis that knowledge has a direct positive effect on the role of stakeholders. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the role is directly affected positively by knowledge. Increased knowledge will result in increased role. As according to Bordeianu (2015) that the role is directly affected by the level of individual knowledge. Increasing knowledge results in an increase in the role that dominates a person.
The same thing was expressed by Soekanto, (2002: 268-269) that the role is a dynamic aspect of the position (status). If someone carries out his rights and obligations according to his position, then this means he is carrying out a role. Both can not be separated and contradict each other. Every person has a variety of roles that come from the patterns of social interaction. This also means that the role determines what he does for society. This role can be related to one's knowledge in carrying out their role.
Public participation (X 2 ) The role of Stakeholder (Y) Knowledge (X 1 ) Dale (Sudarmato, 2009: 59) explains the knowledge possessed by a person can be categorized into two types, namely knowledge that is based and knowledge that is not based. The role determines what has been done for the community. Similarly explained by Donate and Pablo (2015), the role of determining what he does for society. This role can be related to a person's level of knowledge in carrying out his role. When a person plays a role in life, he will collect and learn facts, witness events, and get other pieces of information which are then added to the storage of memory and will be accessed when the person processes new information or prepares a reaction to an agency or other people, so that knowledge is information or information that is known or realized by someone (Agus, 2013). Therefore, Marta (2014) states that the role is a dynamic aspects, a person carries out his rights and obligations according to his position, so he carries out a role.The role is a dynamic aspect by carrying out rights and obligations according to his position, so it can be said that someone will carry out a role.
The results of the second hypothesis analysis produced findings that community participation had a direct positive effect on roles. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the role is directly affected positively by community participation. Increased community participation will lead to increased roles. The results of the study were supported by Hsu et al (2013) that community involvement in the implementation of the program cannot be separated from the role of the state apparatus in inviting and encouraging the community in the program.
Soekanto (2003) in Widodo (2009: 9) also explains that in essence the role can also be formulated as a series of certain behaviors caused by a particular position. Then also, the role can be said as individual behavior that is important for the social structure of society. Where in each role aims that between individuals who carry out this role with the people around him who are involved, or, there is a relationship with that role, there is a relationship that is governed by social values that are accepted and obeyed by both parties so that it can make everyone those involved can participate in that role. Manzoor, Shah, and Saleem (2019) that policies that benefit the community will increase high participation from the community as well.
This emphasizes that if the policy benefits the community it will also increase high participation from the community. Robey et al (2018) support this and say the community's role is to provide input, implementation, supervision and evaluation. . . the community has an initiative where each member or community group participates horizontally with one another. Community involvement in the implementation of government programs cannot be separated from the role of the state apparatus in inviting and encouraging communities in the program. The community's role in providing something good is only input, implementation, supervision and evaluation. One form of community participation is horizontal participation, the community has an initiative where each member or community group participates horizontally with one another. This kind of participation is a sign of the beginning of the growth of a society that is able to develop independently so that it can affect one's role in efforts to encourage people to be involved both actively and passively (Siti Irene, 2001: 58). Another explanation by Takyi (2015) explains that the role with the people around it is involved, or, in relation to that role, there is a relationship governed by social values that are accepted and adhered to by both parties so as to make everyone involved can participate in that role. This explains that every individual who carries out his role in synergy with the people around him so that he can establish relationships with the maximum governed by social values.