The Aromatic-Medicinal Plant Taxa of pure Scots pine stands in Sürmene-Camburnu (Trabzon)

Forests not only produce wood raw material ecosystems, but also that have rich medicinal and aromatic plants. In addition to this situation, forests have been produced many goods and services. Regulation of protectionutilization balance with wood and non-wood herbal products is very important to these ecosystems. In order to ensure sustainable utilization of forest ecosystems, first of all, it is necessary to identify the natural resource components in these ecosystems. In this study, medicinal-aromatic plants of natural Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands, which are a sensitive ecosystem, were investigated in 2013-2014. Pinus sylvestris has special ecological conditions in Sürmene-Çamburnu (Trabzon) region because in this region Pinus sylvestris is descending down to the beach. In the study, 81 (77%) out of 105 vascular plant taxa were found to have medicinal-aromatic potential. The parts of the identified plant taxa used for different medical and aromatic purposes are explained in detail. In addition, recommendations were made about regulation of utilization in sensitive ecosystems.


INTRODUCTION
Forests are the ecosystems that produce not only wood raw material but as well non-wood forest products. In the one hand forest ecosystem serves the products which meet the needs of people directly or indirectly, on the other hand it contains the rich plant diversity. One of the well-known of products of forests are medicinal and aromatic plants. Briefly, forests have produced many goods and services. The continuity of forest functions such as conserving biodiversity and utilization are important. Conservation and utilization equilibrium with wood and non-wood plant products is very important to these ecosystems. In order to ensure sustainable utilization of forest ecosystems, first of all, it is necessary to identify the natural resource components in their habitats. Ethnobotanical studies have been tried to determine these potentials. Ethnobotanical science was born from the relationships between people and plants [1]. People have been using wild plants since 50,000 years in Anatolia [2]. Because of its rich cultural and biological diversity, Turkey is an important center for ethnobotanical researches [3]. Local people in Anatolia have benefited from medicinal and aromatic plants for many years. But these uses are not scientifically well supported. From this point of view, multidisciplinary (ie, botanist, chemist, medical experts) studies on the aromatic-medicinal plants should be conducted.
Depending on the health problem of processed food, natural products are getting worth to attention day by day. Natural forest ecosystems of Anatolia are rich in such kind of native vascular plant products including ethnomed,cinal plant taxa. In Turkey, these plants have not been used enough because of lack of inventory data of these taxa.
In this study, medicinal-aromatic plants of natural Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands, which are a sensitive ecosystem in Sürmene-Çamburnu (Trabzon-Turkey), were investigated. Pinus sylvestris has special ecological conditions in the study area where starts its natural distribution from Sea level. The parts of identified vascular plant taxa which have been used for the medical-aromatic purposes are explained in detail. In addition, recommendations were made about regulation of utilization in sensitive ecosystems.

MATERIAL and METHODS
The floristic structure of the research area was investigated between February to November in the years 2013 and 2014. Within the scope of the study, plants from the research area were collected from the study area, identified and kept at the herbarium KATO (Herbarium of Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Forestry). The plant taxa which particularly have medicinal and aromatic significance were determined. As a result of detailed literature study, the listed taxa were found out that they worth to use for medicinal-aromatic purposes.

RESULTS and DISCUSSIONS
In the present study, 81 (77%) out of 105 taxa were found as medicinal and aromatic vascular plants. They were listed in Table 1 together with their families, used parts, usages and references. Aromatic and medicinal plants have a significant role in human health. These roles have been resulted mainly from their different chemical contents. Different parts of them such as leaf, bark, root, seed, fruit and flower has been used for these purposes. Traditional usages of these plants are important in projection of discovery new drugs.
As a result of the developments in agricultural techniques using of wild plants was remarkably decreased [96]. Many of vascular plant taxa have nutritionally importance and they can be used as medicine. They have been used alternatively for the poverty problems as well [97]. Therefore, determining chemical contents of wild vascular plant taxa is important in order to use them as medicine. So, ethno medicinal uses of the identified plant taxa have been reported in the present study. In the present study, 81 (77%) out of 105 vascular plant taxa were found to have medicinal and aromatic potential. The parts of these plant taxa, which have been identified, used for different purposes are explained in detail.

CONCLUSION
A great variety of vascular plants was used by traditional healers for treatment of some diseases. Protective measures are necessary for the conservation of the natural herbal resources, because of avoiding their overexploitation. Unfortunately, local people are fast losing some of their most important traditional using of valuable wild plant species. It is important that we collect and record information as soon as possible. The present study also showed that medicinal plants continue to play an important role in the primary healthcare system. Fresh part of the plant is used for the preparation of the medicine but if fresh plant parts are not suitable in that moment dried parts of plant can be used.
Pinus sylvestris has special ecological conditions in Sürmene-Çamburnu (Trabzon) region, because of its unexpected distribution here. In the NE Anatolia the distribution of Pinus sylvestris is descending down to the beach. This forest is a sensitive ecosystem which has fragile structure. Because of its floristic contents and vegetation structure this Scots pine forest is a unique ecosystem that it is assignment as Nature Park. For this reason, we need to consider the conservation and utilization equilibrium while using the plant species in this kind of areas. With this study, we believe that we will contribute to future ethnobatanical and ethnomedicinal studies.

Acknowledgement
This study is a part of PhD thesis of corresponding author.

Conflict of Interests
Authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.