The Dependence Social Adaptation-Socialization

Dynamic changes in the security environment put military personnel, discharged from service for one reason or another and their families to serious tests. Transiting from military to civilian social medium significantly changes their conditions of life, affecting various aspects of their lives, in the basis of which lie mentality and personality changes of every person, leaving their usual social medium and entering an unfamiliar one. Since research in this field is not so popular, authors of this paper are provoked to explore the factors affecting the mental state of modern Bulgarian servicemen transiting to reserves and their professional adaptation corresponding to the new living conditions and to identify the problem areas of their social and psychological adaptation.


INTRODUCTION
In public space social adaptation is of ten equated to socialization. The grounds for the proponents of this argument lie in the very nature of the social adaptation. Social adaptation, understood as the balance of the individual with the community, could be equated to the socialization, defined by sociology as a process of acquiring the social experience, necessary for the "appointed" by the society social roles of the individual. An individual is considered to be socialized when he is able to participate in coherent action. Socialization refers to those processes through which people learn to effectively participate in social groups. Formally, the abilities of the individual, based on the acquired experience, either in organized or unorganized way, can be perceived as an existing balance between the individual and the social community, and in this sense adaptation and socialization are identical. The possibility of adopting this apparent identity necessarily requires clarification in the interpretation of socialization and social adaptation. This clarification is aimed at detecting the similarities and differences in the content of these concepts. social environment, while the completed (conceptually) socialization is the creation of a possibility (based on lessons learned) for an efficient participation in social life.
Social adaptation and socialization are two separate social phenomena, yet they are complementary in the process of social validation of the individual. The common moments between the observed phenomena occur when they are in the process of their development. The process of socialization -entry into the social environment, adapting to it, performing certain roles and functions -is repeated by each individual, following their predecessors, for the entire history of their formation and development. Mixing in this definition the adaptation with the socialization is not a logical error, but a registration of the common characteristics in the process of development of these two phenomena. For the individual to be able to enter in equilibrium with the social community (to adapt to it), he needs to be filled with social content to the extent tobe able to claim balance with society. In this sense, the process of socialization is also included, it becomes part of the process of social adaptation.

SOCIAL ADAPTATION AS A PROCESS
Social processes are defined as a series of social phenomena, as a series of changes. Social processes, understood as a series of changes, depending on the system in which they occur, are divided into the following types:  Intra-personal processes flowing inside the individual;  Processes flowing in the relationship between two individuals;  Processes flowing in the relationship between the individual and the group;  Processes changing the organization and internal structure of society;  Processes changing the relations between two groups (communities);  Processes, changing the organizational structure of the global society;  Processes of mutual rapprochement between people or processes unifying people;  Processes of alienation or processes dividing people.
The first are associative and to them per tain social accommodation. Understood as the achieving of an equilibrium between the individual and the social community, social accommodation is a "process of mutual rapprochement between people", an "associative process". The process of social accommodation contains several necessary elements: "cognitive -understanding the new situation, training in new models and modes of behavior, psychological reorientation".
The mentioned elements of social adaptation reflect in general terms the course of this process and can be attributed to all its varieties. The process of social adaptation does not exist in general, but is concrete lydefined depending on the nature of the communities and the corresponding societies, which are subject to adaptation. The first element is cognitive, or understanding the new situation. This element of social adaptation should be viewed in the general and specific terms of its impact on the process under study.
Adaptation to the community as a whole (particular society) implies knowledge about this society, knowledge related to its general characteristics and patterns of functioning and development. This knowledge implies systematic education, which is implemented in school, university, through the mass media (radio, press, TV, etc.) and by life observation. This aspect of the element of the adaptation process is complemented by its specific form of manifestation. From hisentry in the society till his "exit" from it, the individual participates in many life situations and respectively experiences and refractsthrough himself their impact. Thus he gets to know the social environment to a varying degree adapts to it. The social environment, driven by the objective, attributive toitself laws, is in the process of change, and this change necessarily implies readaptation to the newly created conditions. It is necessary to distinguish between changes in the conditions of social life and the new conditions occurring in it, and this should be done from the point of view of their impact on the adaptation process. The changes in the social life of the individual are related to his adaptation, when they (the changes) are of substantial importance for balancing the individual to the social community. Such significant changes, for example, are the changes in the conditions of economic and political system, the transition of the state of employment to a state of unemployment, etc. From that, it can be seen that it is not only about objective social changes, but also about changes related to the concrete individuals and social groups, i.e. changes inside themselves, and not in general.

Proceedings of INTCESS 2019-6th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences,
From the viewpoint of the first element of the process of social adaptation under study, this type of changes is subject of understanding for the adapting individual. Knowing the general characteristics of public life and bringing the significant, the essential for the individual changes in the circumstances of life, in their unity represent the first element of the process of social adaptation.
The second element is the education in new models and modes of behavior. The entry of the individual in various spheres of organized social life presupposes education in new patterns of behavior. Knowledge of certain new conditions by itself does not automatically cause a change in the behavior of the individual to the extent of adequacy with the norms for behavior inherent to one or another organized form of social life, within the various social communities. The education in the new behavior, adequate to the new requirements, is a matter of overcoming old habits, quitting or enrichment by the existing personality of a value orientation and management of personal needs in accordance with new requirements needed to achieve real social adaptation. These mechanisms related to the change of behavior, are often accompanied by the expression of conflicts occurring inside the individual, but also between the individual and the social groups -objects of adaptation.
The term education is used here not in the strictly pedagogical sense. The majority of its content is related to the nature of self-learning, achieved without methodological pedagogical prescriptions. The education into a new behavior, adequate to the new demands of the conditions is a result of the process of sociopsychological communication in which the individual-a subject to adaptation, takes practical participation.
Achieving an appropriate behavior in the conditions of the social environment, subject to adaptation, does not yet complete the process of adaptation. This process can be considered completed with the realization of the psychological reorientation. Third element is the psychological reorientation. The new environment and significant changes in existing social conditions "offer" a not always identical psychological life with the psychological world of the adapting individual. For achieving real adaptation, development of the course of the phenomenon of psychological reorientationis necessary, constituting the third attributive element of the social adaptation as a process.
In the process of participation in the social life the individual builds only an internal psychological position that is relatively independent and is subject to modification and development. Impacts from the outside world, refracted through this psychological position, influence the individual. So the individual separates his independence as a functional unit in a particular social system. The entry of the individual into a new for him social environment includes the psychological perception of this environment, which in essence constitutes a psychological reorientation. This reorientation can be partial (to varying degrees), and complete, to the merging of the psychological position of the individual with the group Psychology. This merging should not be taken as a full identity, but merely as a unity.
The psychological reorientation associated with the process of adaptation is determined by a range of factors that are difficult to identify without examining a particular adaptation process. The preceding analysis (related to the social adaptation as a process) is referred entirely to the adapting individual, the individual -subject to social adaptation. Equal attention should be paid to the object of adaptation, the social environment, regarded as part of the adaptation process. The adaptation to the macro-social community occurs on different levels. In the process of his socialization, the individual is involved in the life of the various formal and informal social groups and through them realizes on an individual level his balance with the macro-social community.
The main problem of the social environment as an object of adaptation is the presence and functioning of the adaptive system in it. The presence of such a system in social groups shows the attention to the problem of social adaptation. The system of social adaptation can be defined as a set of organized social impacts on the individual, seen as a subject of adaptation. For this system to realize itself in action, to start functioning, it is necessary to solve the following groups of problems:  First-clarification of the basic principles of the system;  Second-determining the nature, content and consistency in the activities of the system of adaptation impacts;  Third-development of criteria for measuring the degree of social adaptation;  Fourth-forecasting the development and improvement of the adaptation system;  Fifth-solving the issue of human resources (personnel) who should bring in effect the adaptation system.
Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3333826 The basic principles of the adaptation system determine the limits of action and the motives of operation of this system. Functioning of certain principles relates to the operation of the adaptation system in the specific conditions. Determining the nature, content and consistency of the activities of the system of adaptation impacts, stem from the principles of functioning of the system in question. To make the social adaptation of the individual to the new manner, possible, it is necessary each specific adaptation system to be implemented in the relevant appropriate manner.
Another, not less important criterion are the personal specifics of the individual, which largely determines the nature, character and manner of presentation of the adaptation impacts, representing the content of the adaptation system. Although the systematic adaptation impacts determine the understanding that the result of their impact is the absorption of the individual by the social environment -object of adaptation, this is only ostensiblyso and is by no means the goal of the adaptation system. Its ultimate goal is to achieve balance with the community, represented by the various and numerous formal and informal groups. Social adaptation of the individual involves the problem of personal development of the individual. In this sense, the adaptation as an organized social process is largely consistent with the individual's personal development.
The nature, content and consistency of the activities of the system of adaptation impacts can be defined as an expression of unity between social requirements and individual freedom in the development of individual skills. The third and fourth group of problems, related to the functioning of the adaptation system are the development of criteria for measuring the degree of social adaptation and forecasting the development and improvement of the system. The latter of the above-mentioned issues, the issue of human resources (personnel) who should bring in effect the adaptation system, has strictly practical significance. So far as social adaptation is a sociological problem, the human resources who implement the adaptation system should be specially trained professionals. But adaptation is also manageable social process, and this circumstance necessarily requires the intervention of specialists in the field of management.
The schematic outline of the problems of the social adaptation system can be seen in two variants: First-the problem is known and differentiated; Second -the problems must be clearly defined.

FACTORS FOR SOCIAL ADAPTATION
Social adaptation happens in the interaction between factors of the individual and factors of the external (social) environment. The activity of the individual in the adaptation process becomes possible within a completed socialization, when the individual has a relatively developed social structure, through which he refracts the effects of the social environment. This circumstance makes the adaptation process complex and multidirectional. On the basis of an established social structure, a system of factors of social adaptation can be discussed.
The factors for social adaptation can be addressed in two main groups. The first group comprises the factors of the individual: The social environment, as anobject of adaptation, is of critical importance for the flow of the adaptation process. All its possible effects on the individual are in one or another way related to the adaptation process.
Following the logic of our reasoning, our research is further aimed at the social adaptation of the military servicemen, which in the years of reforms, reduction, lay-offs in the structures of the military forces and the Bulgarian Army, gained wide popularity.