The Effects of Skillset of University Graduates on the Ease of Finding Skilled Employees

Both for firms and for the countries, it is vital to find qualified human capital in order to compete in the highly competitive world economy conditions. On the other hand, it is also clear that university education has the most important role to establish a skillset and qualification for the graduates. In this context, the main of this study is to analyse the effects of skillset of university graduates on the ease of finding skilled employees. Main finding of the study is that ease finding of skilled employees increase, as the skillset of university graduates increases. For this reason, it is a critical policy to increase the quality of university education in order to improve skillset of human capital and sustainable economic development. It is concluded that university and industry collaboration is vital to design optimal academic and practical skillsets of the graduates and to determine how to achieve these targets.


LITERATURE
Human capital is the most important factor to achieve sustainable economic development and take up the challenge from the global competition. For this reason, university education is the most important factor affecting the qualifications and skillset of the human capital. In the literature, there are many studies concluded that the continuing professional and personal development by university and industry collaboration are essential to success in both professional career and personal life (see Hoffmann andAsh, 2001, Fallows andSteven, 2000;Mason et al, 2009;Yorke, 2006;Cassidy, 2006;Fallows and Steven, 2013;Morley, 2001;Andrews and Higson, 2008;Harvey, 2000). Bridgstock (2009) claimed that "Graduate employability is agreed to be a key influence on economic growth

INTRODUCTION
It is vital to find qualified human capital both firms and the countries in order to compete and growth in the highly competitive world economy conditions. It is also clear that university education has the most important role to establish a skillset and qualification for the graduates. For this reason, the main of the study is to analyse the relationship between the effects of skillset of university graduates on the ease of finding skilled employees for 140 countries 2018 data by using ANOVA test.
in the worldwide knowledge economy and the significance of universities to this agenda is self-evident. Recent policy moves towards support of universities in this task, through strategic employability funding; enhancement of teaching and learning for employability; work-integrated learning programs. However, graduate employability programs emphasising individual skills and knowledge need to be complemented by targeted geographical and industry development, continuing (lifelong) education programs beyond university and social inclusion initiatives in order to be effective (see also Figure.1). " Brown et al (2003) stated that "the economic welfare of individuals and the competitive advantage of nations have come to depend on the knowledge, skills and enterprise of the workforce. Those with degree-level qualifications are seen to play a particularly important role in managing the 'knowledge-driven' economy of the future". Tanyel et al (2010) stated that "as the business environment changes, the desired skills and abilities of business school graduates change". On the other hand, when theoretical education is supported by on-the-job training, the qualification and skillset of the students develops better. Raymond et al (1993) stated that "Lack of work experience, unrealistic expectations, and poor written communication skills are perceived by employers as weaknesses of many business school graduates. Internships and projects provide a "real-world" experience and help students learn to think and solve problems and develop their communica-tion skills, which are all critical components of an education. Experience also helps students grasp the importance of dependability and initiative. "Hands-on" learning experiences combined with the academic skills that students learn in the classroom help to provide business school graduates with a competitive advantage in the workplace. " Crebert et al (2007) stated that "while graduates recognized the contribution university had made to their generic skills development, they greatly valued the experience of learning in the workplace during placement and subsequently in employment. The importance of teamwork, being given responsibility, and collaborative learning emerged as the most important factors for effective learning in the three contexts under consideration". Students also recognized that their academic knowledge and skills must be supported by the on-the-job training and workplace experince. Tomlinson (2008) stated that "the UK Government is calling upon higher education students to see their learning as an investment that will give them direct benefits in the labour market. At the same time, the relationship between educational credentials and their returns in labour market has been changing in recent times. Students perceive their academic qualifications as having a declining role in shaping their employment outcomes in what is perceived to be a congested and competitive graduate labour market. While academic credentials are still seen as a significant dimension of their employability, students increasingly see the need to add value to them in order to gain an advantage in the labour market". Andrews and Higson (2008) claimed that "Three significant themes emerged for graduate employability: Business Specific Issues (Hard business-related knowledge and skills); Interpersonal Competencies (Soft business-related skills); Work Experience and Work-Based Learning. Business graduates are equipped with more than hard business-focused skills and competencies. Work experience, and an ability to utilise softer business-related skills and abilities are also vital. " Jackson (2015) claimed that "Work-integrated learning is widely considered instrumental in equipping new graduates with the required employability skills to function effectively in the work environment. Evaluation of work-integrated learning programs in enhancing skill development remains predominantly outcomes-focused with little attention to the process of what, how and from whom students acquire essential skills during work placement. " It is clear that university and industry collaboration is vital to design optimal academic and practical skillsets of the graduates and to determine how to achieve these targets.

DATA AND METHOD
The data is obtained from the Global Competitiveness Index Report for the year 2018 and 140 countries. The variables are Skillset university graduates and Ease finding of skilled employees (for the both variable the scale is 1-7 scale, 7 is the best).
The method is ANOVA test. The countries are classified into three groups by skillset level of the university graduates, low, medium and high. It is analysed that whether ease finding of skilled employees increase or not, as skillset of university graduates increases. Table.1 shows descriptive statistics for ease finding of skilled employees. According to the results, the mean of the ease finding of skilled employees for the countries with low skillset university graduates is 3,53 (the scale is 1-7, 7 is the best), with medium skillset university graduates is 4,17 and with high skillset university graduates is 4,93.     Table.4 shows ANOVA Test results, according to the results, the null hypothesis is rejected at the significant level 0.01, the mean of ease finding of skilled employees is not equal by the different level skillset of university graduates.     Figure.2. shows the relationship between ease finding of skilled employees and skillset of university graduates. According the results there is a positive relationship between the variables.

CONCLUSION
It is vital to find qualified human capital both firms and the countries in order to compete and growth in the highly competitive world economy conditions. It is also clear that university education has the most important role to establish a skillset and qualification for the graduates. For this reason, the main of the study is to analyse the relationship between the effects of skillset of university graduates on the ease of finding skilled employees for 140 countries 2018 data by using ANOVA test. Main finding of the study is that ease finding of skilled employees increase, as the skillset of university graduates increases. For this reason, it is a critical policy to increase the quality of university education in order to improve skillset of human capital and sustainable economic development. It is concluded that university and industry collaboration is vital to design optimal academic and practical skillsets of the graduates and to determine how to achieve these targets.