AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORMS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT: TURKEY AND THE EU

Year 2012, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 75 - 98, 01.10.2012

Melike Akkaraca Köse

https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000180

Cited By: 4

Abstract

In the last ten years, the agricultural policies of both the EU and Turkey have been reformed in a radical way, due to various external and internal factors. Since 2009, the EU has been discussing the new reform proposals in the CAP, while Turkey’s agricultural policies have begun to evolve in a completely different direction. At this paper, the consequences of the new agricultural policies in terms of rural development and rural poverty are evaluated with a critical eye, after a brief discussion about their background, objectives and content. The paper aims to understand the difficulties that Turkey may encounter regarding its agricultural and rural policies in the future, by elaborating Turkey’s agriculture and agricultural policies in comparison with the EU

Keywords

Turkish Agriculture, Common Agricultural Policy, EU Enlargement, Rural Development, Rural Poverty

Agricultural Policy Reforms and their Implications on Rural Development: Turkey and the EU

Abstract

Son on yılda iç ve dış koşulların etkisi ile hem AB’nde hem Türkiye’de tarım politikası alanında radikal denebilecek reformlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. AB 2009 yılından beri tarımda yeni reform önerilerini tartışmakta iken, Türkiye’de 2009 yılında tarım politikalarında AB’den farklı bir yöne doğru, yeni bir değişim başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada reform süreçlerinin arka planları ve kapsamları ele alındıktan sonra, yeni politikaların özellikle kırsal kalkınma ve yoksulluk açısından sonuçları eleştirel bir gözle değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma AB’ye aday bir ülke olarak Türkiye tarımını ve tarım politikalarını Avrupa Birliği ve Birliğe Üye ülkeler ile karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde tartışırken, bir yandan da AB ortak tarım politikasındaki reformların özellikle yeni üye ülkeler açısından sonuçlarını inceleyerek, Türkiye’nin tarım ve kırsal kalkınma politikaları açısından gelecekte karşılaşabileceği güçlükleri anlamayı amaçlar

Keywords

Türkiye Tarımı, Ortak Tarım Politikası, AB Genişlemesi

References

• P. Aerni, Editorial: agriculture in Turkey–Structural Change, Sustainability and EU-Compatibility, Int. J. Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, Vol. 6, Nos. 4/5, 2007
• A. Halis Akder, Türkiye Tarım Politikası'nda Destekleme Reformu, ASOMEDYA, Ankara Sanayi Odası, Aralık 2003
• Zülküf Aydın, Neo-Liberal Transformation of Turkish Agriculture, Journal of Agrarian Change, Vol. 10 No. 2, April 2010
• Erol H. Çakmak, Structural Change and Market Opening in Turkish Agriculture, EU- Turkey Working Paper No. 10/September 2004, Centre for European Policy Studies
• Sophia Davidova, Semi-subsistence farming in Europe: Concepts and key issues, European Network for Rural Development, 2010
• Delegation of the European Union to Turkey, Green Light for EU Support to Rural Development Institutions in Turkey, Press Release, October 2011, Ankara
• Kemal Derviş, Daniel Gros, Faik Öztrak and Yusuf Işık in cooperation with Fırat Bayar, Turkey and the EU Budget: Prospects and Issues, CEPS, EU-Turkey Working Papers, No. 6/August 2004
• Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry, National Rural Development Strategy, Ankara, 2006
• ENEPRI, The Social Dimension in Selected Candidate Countries in the Balkans– Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia and Turkey: Synthesis Report, ENEPRI Research Report No. 37, BALKANDIDE Project, December 2007, http://www.enepri.org, (05 February 2012)
• Gustavo Anríquez and Kostas Stamoulis, Rural Development and Poverty Reduction: Is Agriculture Still the Key?, Agricultural Development Economics Division, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ESA Working Paper No. 07-02, June 2007, www.fao.org/es/esa, (06 July 2012)
• Mine Eroğlu, AB Sürecinde Türkiye Tarımı, 31/07/2005; Buğday Dergisi, http://www.bugday.org/article.php?ID=816, (02 February 2012)
• Euractiv, ‘Europe's Farm Reform off to Rocky Start’, 17 October 2011 http://www.euractiv.com/cap/europes-farm-reform-rocky-start-news-508298, (2 February 2012)
• European Commission, Turkey 2011 Progress Report, SEC (2011) 1201 final, Brussels, 12.10.2011
• European Commission, Agricultural Economic Briefs, Structural development in EU agriculture, Brief N° 3 – September 2011, European Commission: Agriculture and Rural Development, http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/agrista/economic-briefs/, (19 November 2011).
• European Commission, Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing Rules for Direct Payment Schemes for Farmers under the Common Agricultural Policy, COM(2011) 625/3, Brussels.
• European Commission, The CAP Towards 2020: Meeting the Food, Natural Resources and Territorial Challenges of the Future, COM(2010)672/5, Brussels.
• European Commission, Agriculture and Rural Development, Country Profile http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/enlargement/countries/turkey/profile_en.pdf, (02 February 2012)
• European Commission, Situation and Prospects for EU Agriculture and Rural Areas Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, December 2010.
• European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities Unit E2, Poverty and Social Exclusion in Rural Areas Executive Summary, Manuscript completed in September 2008
• European Commission, EUR 21331-Rural Development: The Impact of EU Research (1998-2004)–Workshop Report, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004
• European LEADER Association for Rural Development, AISBL, ELARD Reaction to the EC Legal Proposals for the CAP After 2013, November 2011
• European Union, IPA Rural Development (IPARD) Programme for Turkey, MEMO/07/609, Press Relaease, Brussels, 20 December 2007, http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/609, (05 February 2012)
• European Union, Screening Report: Turkey, Chapter 11, 7 September 2006, http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/turkey/screening_reports/screening_report_11 _tr_internet_en.pdf, (02 February 2012)
• Eurostat, Agriculture and Fishery Statistics, Main Results: 2009-2010, Eurostat Pocketbooks, European Commission, 2011ed. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, (17 November 2011).
• Eurostat, Agricultural Statistics; Main Results 2008-2009, Eurostat Pocket Books, 2010 Edition, The European Commission.
• Herry FLAM, Turkey and the EU: Politics and Economics of Accession, CESIF Working Paper No. 893, March 2003
• Friends of Europe, The Future of Farming: Background Briefing, November 2011
• Daniel Gros, Economic Aspects of Turkey’s Quest for EU Membership, CEPS Policy Brief, No. 69/April 2005
• Grethel Harald, The CAP for Turkey? Potential Market Effects and Budgetary Implications, EuroChoices 4(2), 2005
• Grethel Harald, Turkey's Accession to the EU: What Will the Common Agricultural Policy Cost? Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences, Humboldt- University of Berlin, Nr. 70/2004
• Heinrich Böll Foundation, Rural Development Policies: A Chance for Turkey during the EU Accession Process?, 2007, pp.4-5 www.boell.be/download_en/Text_Tuerkei.pdf. (11 October 2009)
• C. Hubbard and L. Hubbard, Bulgaria and Romania - Paths to EU Accession and the Agricultural Sector, Centre for Rural Economy Discussion Paper Series, DP 17, 2008, http://www.ncl.ac.uk/cre/publish/discussionpapers, (2 February 2012)
• IAMO, Structural Change in Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods: Policy Implications for the New Member States of the European Union, Judith Möllers, Gertrud Buchenrieder, and Csaba Csaki (Eds.), Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe, Volume 61, 2011 www.iamo.de/dok/sr_vol61.pdf, (2 February 2012)
• Investment Support and Promotion Agency of Turkey, Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry, Turkish Agriculture Industry Report, July 2010.
• Çağlar Keyder and Zafer Yenal, Agrarian Change under Globalization: Markets and Insecurity in Turkish Agriculture, Journal of Agrarian Change, Vol. 11 No. 1, January 2011.
• Douglas K. Knight, Romania and the Common Agricultural Policy, Eco Ruralis, Report, October 2010, www.ecoruralis.ro/storage/files/Documente/ReportCAP.pdf, (2 February 2012)
• Alan Mathews, Post-2013 EU Common Agricultural Policy, Trade and Development: A Review of Legislative Proposals ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development; Issue Paper No.39; International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011
• Susan Senior Nello, Food and Agriculture in an Enlarged EU, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, RSC no. 2002/58.
• OECD, Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in Turkey, OECD Publishing., 2011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264113220-en, (02 February 2012).
• Emine Olhan, The Impact of the Reforms: Impoverished Turkish Agriculture, Agricultural Journal, 1 (2): 41-47, 2006.
• Arie Oskam, Alison Burrel, Tugrul Temel, Siemen van Berkum, Natasha Longworth, Irene Molina Vílchez, Turkey in the European Union: Consequences for Agriculture, Food, Rural Areas and Structural Policy, Final Report, 1 December 2004, Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group (AEP) & Agricultural Economics and Research Institute (LEI), Report Commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality http://www.econturk.org/Turkisheconomy/turkey-eu-agriculture.pdf, 05 February 2012
• Oguz Oyan, 2000 ve 2001 Programlarinda Ulusal Tarım Politikalarının Tasfiyesi, Mülkiye, XXV/ 228, 2001
• Lorena Ruano, The Common Agricultural Policy and the European Union’s Enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, RSCno. 2003/3
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)
• www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=53, (19 December 2011).
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), No: 150, 15 September, 2008 10:00, Haber Bülteni, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=2049
• TUSIAD, 21.Yüzyılda Türkiye Tarımı, Tarım Raporu, 2005.
• TUSIAD, Türkiye’de Tarım ve Gıda: Gelişmeler, Politikalar ve Öneriler, TUSIAD Raporu, 2008. http://www.tusiad.org/bilgi-merkezi/raporlar/turkiyede-tarım-ve- gıda--gelişmeler--politikalar-ve-öneriler/ (02 February 2012).
• Harun Ucak, Monitoring Agriculture of Turkey Before Accession Process for Membership, Journal of Central European Agriculture, Vol.7, no.3, 2006
• World Bank, World Development Indicators, Official Website, 2010. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator, (20 December 2011).
• Neslihan Yalçınkaya, M. Hakan Yalçınkaya, and Coskun Cilbant, “Avrupa Birliği’ne Yönelik Düzenlemeler Çerçevesinde Türk Tarım Politikaları ve Sektörün Geleceği Üzerine Etkisi”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 2006, 13/2.