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Evaluation of the requests for thyroid function test according algorithms and cost effectivity

Year 2013, , 114 - 118, 01.05.2013
https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2013.77699

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Serum thyroid stimulating hormone TSH level measurement is most commonly used test in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with all forms of clinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The guidelines recommend that serum free triiodothyronine FT3 and free tetraiyodotironin FT4 levels request if only in patients with TSH levels suppressed or elevated.The aim of this study was to analyze the ordering pattern for thyroid function tests and analysis of cost effectivity.METHODS: In this study, we scanned laboratory information system for the dates 01.01.2012-31.12.2012. TSH, FT3 and FT4 levels estimated patients grouped according to the their request group 1: TSH, group 2: TSH + FT3, 3.Group: TSH + FT4, 4.Group: TSH + FT3 + FT4 . Each group was analyze for reference range values for TSH. It divided sub-groups hypothyroidic, hyperthyroidic, normothyroidic. Each sub-group analyzed appropriateness of the clinical request for algorithm.RESULTS: We were found 24.702 TSH, 18.662 sT4, 14759 sT3 tests in the specified date range. Combination of ordered tests were identified in 5990 patients TSH, 269 patients in group 2, 4164 patients in group, 14 268 patients in group 4. As a result of the analyze, we found that there is additional cost of 25 505 FT3 and FT4 tests in patients with TSH values normothyroidic. These tests cost according Health Communication Application is 114 772 TL.CONCLUSION: In the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid gland dysfunction must be take into account the algorithms. The results indicate that the thyroid profile request is used more widely than only TSH which recommended by the guidelines for screening. Improving the appropriateness of ordering of tests related to thyroid function will definitely be more cost effective.

References

  • 1.Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Hasan DM, Rodgers H, Tunbridge F. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community; a twenty-year follow up of the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol 1995; 43:55–68
  • 2.De los Santos ET, Starich GH, Mazzaferri EL. Sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness of the sensitive thyrotropin assay in the diagnosis of thyroid disease in ambulatory patients. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:526.
  • 3.Surks MI, Chopra IJ, Mariash CN, Nicoloff JT, Solomon DH. American Thyroid Association guidelines for use of laboratory tests in thyroid disorders. JAMA 1990; 263:1529.
  • 4. Ladenson PW, Singer PA, Ain KB, Bagchi N, Bigos ST, Levy EG, Smith SA, Daniels GH, Cohen HD. American thyroid association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:1573–5.
  • 5. Baskin HJ, Cobin RH, Duick DS, Gharib H, Guttler RB, Kaplan MM, Segal RL American association of clinical endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Endocr Pract. 2002;8(6):457–69.
  • 6.Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Singer PA, Woeber KA;Clınıcal Practıce Guıdelınes For Hypothyroıdısm In Adults: Cosponsored By The Amerıcan Assocıatıon Of Clınıcal Endocrınologısts And The Amerıcan Thyroıd Assocıatıon Endocr Pract. 2012 Nov-Dec;18(6):988-1028
  • 7.Reid JR, Wheeler SF.Am Fam Physician. Hyperthyroidism: diagnosis and treatment. 2005 Aug 15;72(4):623-30.
  • 8.Viera AJ.Fam Med. Thyroid function testing in outpatients: are both sensitive thyrotropin (sTSH)and free thyroxine (FT4) necessary?2003 Jun;35(6):408-10.
  • 9.Schectman JM, Pawlson LG. The cost-effectiveness of three thyroid function testing strategies for suspicion of hypothyroidism in a primary care-setting.J Gen Intern Med. 1990 Jan-Feb;5(1):9-15.
  • 10.John R, Henley R, Lloyd G, Elder GH. Evaluation of a new strategy for detection of thyroid dysfunction in the routine laboratory.Clin Chem. 1988 Jun;34(6):1110-4.
  • 11.Klee GG, Hay ID. Assessment of sensitive thyrotropin assays for an expanded role in thyroid function testing: proposed criteria for analytic performance and clinical utility.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Mar;64(3):461-71.
  • 12.van Walraven C, Naylor CD. Do we know what inappropriate laboratory utilization is? A systematic review of laboratory clinical audits.JAMA. 1998 Aug 12;280(6):550-8.
  • 13.Nicoloff JT, Spencer CA. Clinical review 12: The use and misuse of the sensitive thyrotropin assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71:553.
  • 14.Ross DS, Ardisson LJ, Meskell MJ. Measurement of thyrotropin in clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism using a new chemiluminescent assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69:684
  • 15.Solomon DH, Hashimoto H, Daltroy L, Liang MH. Techniques to improve physicians' use of diagnostic tests: a new conceptualframework.JAMA. 1998 Dec 16;280(23):2020-7.
  • 16.Toubert ME, Chevret S, Cassinat B, Schlageter MH, Beressi JP, Rain JD. From guidelines to hospital practice: reducing inappropriate ordering of thyroid hormone and antibody tests. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000 Jun;142(6):605-10.

Tiroid fonksiyon testi istemlerinin algoritmaya uygunluk ve fiyat etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi

Year 2013, , 114 - 118, 01.05.2013
https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2013.77699

Abstract

AMAÇ: Serum tiroid stimule edici hormon TSH düzeyi ölçümü, klinikte hipertiroidi ve hipotiroidilerin tüm formlarının tanısında ve takibinde en yaygın olarak kullanılan testtir. Kılavuzlarda, serum serbest triiyodotironin sT3 ve serbest tetraiyodotironin sT4 düzeyinin, ancak TSH düzeyi baskılanmış veya yükselmiş olan hastalarda istenmesi tavsiye edilmektedir. Biz bu çalışmada tiroid hastalıklarının tanı ve takibinde istenilen testlerin, ne ölçüde klinikte öngörülen algoritmayı yansıttığını ve mevcut durumun fiyat etkinliğini sağlamadaki durumunu araştırdık.YÖNTEMLER: Bu çalışmada hastanemiz laboratuvar bilgi sisteminde 01.01.2012-31.12.2012 tarihleri arasında kayıtlı olan verileri taradık. TSH, sT3 ve sT4 düzeyi çalışılmış olan hastaları istemlerine göre gruplandırdık 1.grup: TSH, 2.grup: TSH+sT3, 3.grup: TSH+sT4, 4.grup: TSH+sT3+sT4 . Her bir grubu TSH referans aralık değerlerine göre hipotiroidi, normotiroidi ve hipertiroidi alt gruplarına ayırdık. Her bir alt grubun yapılan klinik istemlerinin algoritmaya uygunluğunu analiz ettik.BULGULAR: Belirlenen tarih aralığında çalışılmış 24.702 TSH, 18.662 sT4, 14759 sT3 sonucu olduğunu bulduk. Sadece 5.990 hastada tek başına TSH istemi yapılmış olduğu görüldü. 2.grupta 269 hasta, 3.grupta 4.164 hasta, 4.grupta ise 14.268 hasta tespit edildi. TSH’ı normotiroidik değerlere sahip olan hastalarda yapılan analizler sonucunda, beraberinde istenmiş olan 25.505 adet sT3 ve sT4 testlerinin ek bir maliyet oluşturduğu saptandı. Bu testlerin Sağlıkta Uygulama Tebliği 10.01.2013 esaslarına göre kurumlara geri ödemesi yapılan parasal mali karşılığının 114.772 TL olduğu saptandı.SONUÇ: Tiroid bezi işlev bozukluklarının tanısında ve takibinde izlenmesi gereken algoritmalara uyulmalıdır. Sonuçlar, kılavuzların önerdiği şekilde sadece TSH isteminin yapılması gereken olgularda, beraberinde sT3 ve/veya sT4 testleri isteminin daha yaygın olarak kullanıldığını göstermektedir. Tiroid fonksiyon testi istemlerinde önerilen algoritmaya uyumun artmasının fiyat etkinliği artıracağını düşünmekteyiz.

References

  • 1.Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Hasan DM, Rodgers H, Tunbridge F. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community; a twenty-year follow up of the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol 1995; 43:55–68
  • 2.De los Santos ET, Starich GH, Mazzaferri EL. Sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness of the sensitive thyrotropin assay in the diagnosis of thyroid disease in ambulatory patients. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:526.
  • 3.Surks MI, Chopra IJ, Mariash CN, Nicoloff JT, Solomon DH. American Thyroid Association guidelines for use of laboratory tests in thyroid disorders. JAMA 1990; 263:1529.
  • 4. Ladenson PW, Singer PA, Ain KB, Bagchi N, Bigos ST, Levy EG, Smith SA, Daniels GH, Cohen HD. American thyroid association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:1573–5.
  • 5. Baskin HJ, Cobin RH, Duick DS, Gharib H, Guttler RB, Kaplan MM, Segal RL American association of clinical endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Endocr Pract. 2002;8(6):457–69.
  • 6.Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Singer PA, Woeber KA;Clınıcal Practıce Guıdelınes For Hypothyroıdısm In Adults: Cosponsored By The Amerıcan Assocıatıon Of Clınıcal Endocrınologısts And The Amerıcan Thyroıd Assocıatıon Endocr Pract. 2012 Nov-Dec;18(6):988-1028
  • 7.Reid JR, Wheeler SF.Am Fam Physician. Hyperthyroidism: diagnosis and treatment. 2005 Aug 15;72(4):623-30.
  • 8.Viera AJ.Fam Med. Thyroid function testing in outpatients: are both sensitive thyrotropin (sTSH)and free thyroxine (FT4) necessary?2003 Jun;35(6):408-10.
  • 9.Schectman JM, Pawlson LG. The cost-effectiveness of three thyroid function testing strategies for suspicion of hypothyroidism in a primary care-setting.J Gen Intern Med. 1990 Jan-Feb;5(1):9-15.
  • 10.John R, Henley R, Lloyd G, Elder GH. Evaluation of a new strategy for detection of thyroid dysfunction in the routine laboratory.Clin Chem. 1988 Jun;34(6):1110-4.
  • 11.Klee GG, Hay ID. Assessment of sensitive thyrotropin assays for an expanded role in thyroid function testing: proposed criteria for analytic performance and clinical utility.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Mar;64(3):461-71.
  • 12.van Walraven C, Naylor CD. Do we know what inappropriate laboratory utilization is? A systematic review of laboratory clinical audits.JAMA. 1998 Aug 12;280(6):550-8.
  • 13.Nicoloff JT, Spencer CA. Clinical review 12: The use and misuse of the sensitive thyrotropin assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71:553.
  • 14.Ross DS, Ardisson LJ, Meskell MJ. Measurement of thyrotropin in clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism using a new chemiluminescent assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69:684
  • 15.Solomon DH, Hashimoto H, Daltroy L, Liang MH. Techniques to improve physicians' use of diagnostic tests: a new conceptualframework.JAMA. 1998 Dec 16;280(23):2020-7.
  • 16.Toubert ME, Chevret S, Cassinat B, Schlageter MH, Beressi JP, Rain JD. From guidelines to hospital practice: reducing inappropriate ordering of thyroid hormone and antibody tests. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000 Jun;142(6):605-10.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Buket Kın Tekçe This is me

Oğuz Dikbaş This is me

Hikmet Tekçe This is me

Mehmet Tosun This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013

Cite

APA Tekçe, B. K., Dikbaş, O., Tekçe, H., Tosun, M. (2013). Tiroid fonksiyon testi istemlerinin algoritmaya uygunluk ve fiyat etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. Abant Medical Journal, 2(2), 114-118. https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2013.77699
AMA Tekçe BK, Dikbaş O, Tekçe H, Tosun M. Tiroid fonksiyon testi istemlerinin algoritmaya uygunluk ve fiyat etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. Abant Med J. May 2013;2(2):114-118. doi:10.5505/abantmedj.2013.77699
Chicago Tekçe, Buket Kın, Oğuz Dikbaş, Hikmet Tekçe, and Mehmet Tosun. “Tiroid Fonksiyon Testi Istemlerinin Algoritmaya Uygunluk Ve Fiyat Etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi”. Abant Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (May 2013): 114-18. https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2013.77699.
EndNote Tekçe BK, Dikbaş O, Tekçe H, Tosun M (May 1, 2013) Tiroid fonksiyon testi istemlerinin algoritmaya uygunluk ve fiyat etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. Abant Medical Journal 2 2 114–118.
IEEE B. K. Tekçe, O. Dikbaş, H. Tekçe, and M. Tosun, “Tiroid fonksiyon testi istemlerinin algoritmaya uygunluk ve fiyat etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi”, Abant Med J, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 114–118, 2013, doi: 10.5505/abantmedj.2013.77699.
ISNAD Tekçe, Buket Kın et al. “Tiroid Fonksiyon Testi Istemlerinin Algoritmaya Uygunluk Ve Fiyat Etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi”. Abant Medical Journal 2/2 (May 2013), 114-118. https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2013.77699.
JAMA Tekçe BK, Dikbaş O, Tekçe H, Tosun M. Tiroid fonksiyon testi istemlerinin algoritmaya uygunluk ve fiyat etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. Abant Med J. 2013;2:114–118.
MLA Tekçe, Buket Kın et al. “Tiroid Fonksiyon Testi Istemlerinin Algoritmaya Uygunluk Ve Fiyat Etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi”. Abant Medical Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, 2013, pp. 114-8, doi:10.5505/abantmedj.2013.77699.
Vancouver Tekçe BK, Dikbaş O, Tekçe H, Tosun M. Tiroid fonksiyon testi istemlerinin algoritmaya uygunluk ve fiyat etkinlik açısından değerlendirilmesi. Abant Med J. 2013;2(2):114-8.