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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>jaba</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Ankara Barosu Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1300-9885</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ankara Barosu</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30915/abd.1847989</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Constitutional Law</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Anayasa Hukuku</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>1876-1909-1918 KANUN-I ESASÎ METİNLERİNDE KAVRAMSAL DÖNÜŞÜMÜN NLP TABANLI ANALİZİ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>NLP-BASED ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE IN THE KANUN-I ESASI TEXTS, 1876-1909-1918</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9223-3981</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çağlar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aytaç</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>84</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>1025</fpage>
                                        <lpage>1047</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251223">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260222">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1942, Ankara Barosu Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1942</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Ankara Barosu Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, Kanun-ı Esasî’nin ilk metni ile 1909-1918 arasındaki tadil kanunları arasındaki kavramsal dönüşümü doğal dil işleme (NLP) ve nicel metin madenciliği yöntemleriyle incelemiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı Devleti’nin anayasal dilinde yaşanan dönüşümü dilsel veriye dayalı, sayısal ve denetlenebilir göstergelerle ortaya koymaktır. Veri seti, Düstur’da yayımlanmış resmî Kanun-ı Esasî metinlerinin Latin harfli baskılarına dayanmaktadır. Bu metinlerdeki yazım ve karakter tutarsızlıkları giderilerek temizlenmiş ve her bir anayasa maddesi kendi madde numarası ve tarih bilgisiyle ilişkilendirilmiş madde bazlı yapılandırılmış bir corpus hâline getirilmiştir. Böylece 1876 ve 1909 sürümlerini doğrudan karşılaştırmaya elverişli, tekrar üretilebilir bir veri tabanı oluşturulmuştur. Analiz sürecinde; kelime ve kavram sıklığı, n-gram ve kolokasyon analizi, modalite incelemesi, madde bazlı fark (diff) analizi ve tematik kümeleme teknikleri birlikte kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, Kanun-ı Esasî’nin 1876 tarihli metninde padişah merkezli ve kişisel otoriteyi önceleyen bir anayasal dilin hâkim olduğunu; 1909-1918 tadilatlarında ise meclis, kanunilik ve usul kavramları etrafında şekillenen daha kurumsal ve anayasal bir söylemin güçlendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Nicel metin göstergeleri, yürütme yetkisinin dilsel düzeyde sınırlandırıldığını, yasama sürecinin meclis merkezli bir yapıya doğru evrildiğini ve hak-vatandaşlık alanında tebaacı söylemden daha kapsayıcı bir vatandaşlık diline geçildiğini göstermiştir. Çalışma, Osmanlı anayasal modernleşmesini veri temelli bir yaklaşımla yeniden değerlendirerek, dijital beşerî bilimler literatürüne yöntem temelli bir katkı sunmuştur.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study examines the conceptual transformation between the original text of the Kanun-ı Esasî and the amendment laws enacted between 1909 and 1918 through Natural Language Processing (NLP) and quantitative text-mining methods. The aim of the study is to reveal the transformation in the constitutional language of the Ottoman State by means of linguistic data-driven, numerical, and verifiable indicators. The dataset is based on the Latin-script editions of the official Kanun-ı Esasî texts published in the Düstur. Spelling and character inconsistencies in these texts were corrected, and each constitutional article was linked with its corresponding article number and date, thereby forming an article-based structured corpus. In this way, a reproducible database suitable for the direct comparison of the 1876 and 1909 versions was constructed. During the analysis process, word and concept frequency analysis, n-gram and collocation analysis, modality analysis, article-level difference (diff) analysis, and thematic clustering techniques were employed in combination. The findings demonstrate that the 1876 text of the Kanun-ı Esasî was dominated by a sultan-centered constitutional language prioritizing personal authority, whereas the 1909-1918 amendments strengthened a more institutional and constitutional discourse shaped around the concepts of parliament, legality, and procedure. Quantitative textual indicators show that executive power was linguistically constrained, that the legislative process evolved toward a parliament-centered structure, and that the discourse in the field of rights and citizenship shifted from a subject-based rhetoric toward a more inclusive language of citizenship. By reassessing Ottoman constitutional modernization through a data-driven approach, the study offers a method-oriented contribution to the digital humanities literature.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Kanun-ı Esasî</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Doğal Dil İşleme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Metin Madenciliği</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dijital Beşerî Bilimler.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Kanun-ı Esasi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Natural Language Processing</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Text Mining</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Digital Humanities.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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