PHYSİOLOGİCAL EFFECTS OF VİTAMİN E AND SELENİUM

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 69, 75 - 87, 24.07.2024

Mehtap Odabaşı , Ebru Bardaş Özkan

Abstract

This study was planned to investigate the physiological properties of vitamin E and selenium on the human body. Vitamins are substances necessary for the body to maintain its vitality and most of them cannot be synthesised in the body, so they must be supplied with nutrients. Vitamin E and selenium together play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative damage, maintaining tissue health and supporting general health. Ensuring adequate intake of both nutrients is important for optimal health.
Vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant, has been reported to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage, support the immune system and reduce inflammation. Selenium is an important trace element that enters the structure of antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and plays a vital role in enzymatic processes. However, Selenium is also important in the regulation of thyroid function. Selenium deficiency leads to cardiomyopathy types such as Keshan disease, and the immune system is weakened in deficiency. The synergistic effect of antioxidants such as vitamin E and selenium may reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and neurodegenerative diseases by reducing oxidative damage at the cellular level. In this study, the sources, daily requirements and potential health effects of deficiencies of these antioxidants were discussed.

Keywords

Vitamin E, Selenıum, Physıologıcal effect

Physiological effects of vitamin E and Selenium

Abstract

Bu çalışma E vitamini ve selenyumun insan vücudu üzerindeki fizyolojik özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Vitaminler vücudun canlılığını sürdürmesi için gerekli olan maddelerdir ve çoğu vücutta sentezlenemez, bu nedenle besinlerle sağlanması gerekir. E vitamini ve selenyum birlikte hücrelerin oksidatif hasardan korunmasında, doku sağlığının korunmasında ve genel sağlığın desteklenmesinde önemli rol oynar. Her iki besinin de yeterli miktarda alınmasını sağlamak optimal sağlık için önemlidir.
Güçlü bir antioksidan olan E vitamininin hücre zarlarını oksidatif hasardan koruduğu, bağışıklık sistemini desteklediği ve inflamasyonu azalttığı belirtilmiştir. Selenyum glutatyon peroksidaz gibi antioksidanların yapısına giren ve enzimatik süreçlerde hayati rol oynayan önemli bir iz elementtir. Bununla birlikte, Selenyum tiroid fonksiyonlarının düzenlenmesinde de önemlidir. Selenyum eksikliği, Keshan hastalığı gibi kardiyomiyopati türlerine yol açmakla birlikte eksikliğinde bağışıklık sistemi zayıflar. E vitamini ve selenyum gibi antioksidanların sinerjik etkisi hücresel düzeyde oksidatif hasarı azaltarak kanser, kalp hastalıkları ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar gibi kronik hastalıkların riskini azaltabilir. Bu çalışmada bu antioksidanların kaynakları, günlük gereksinimleri ve eksikliklerinin potansiyel sağlık üzerine etkileri tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

E Vitamini, Selenyum, Fizyolojik etki

References

• Ansay, M. (1983). Les glucocorticoides: pharmacologie et principes d’utilisation en clinique. Pt. 2. Synthese. Annales de Medecine Veterinaire (Vol. 127). 249-264(4)
• Aruoma, O. I., Kaur, H., & Halliwell, B. (1991). Oxygen free radicals and human diseases. Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 111(5), 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/146642409111100506
• Bıerı J. G. (1959). An effect of selenium and cystine on lipide peroxidation in tissues deficient in vitamin E. Nature, 184(Suppl 15), 1148–1149. https:// doi.org/10.1038/1841148a0
• Burton, G. W., & Ingold, K. U. (1986). Vitamin E: application of the principles of physical organic chemistry to the exploration of its structure and function. Accounts of Chemical Research, 19(7), 194-201.
• Calvert, C. A., & Cornelius, L. M. (1990). The pharmacodynamic differences among glucocorticoid preparations. Veterinary Medicine, 85 (8), 860-865.
• Carter, J. N., Gill, D. R., Krehbiel, C. R., Confer, A. W., Smith, R. A., Lalman, D. L., ... & McDowell, L. R. (2005). Vitamin E supplementation of newly arrived feedlot calves. Journal of Animal Science, 83(8), 1924- 1932.
• Chang, W. P., Hom, J. S., Dietert, R. R., Combs, G. F., Jr, & Marsh, J. A. (1994). Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiency on chicken splenocyte proliferation and cell surface marker expression. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 16(2), 203–223. https:// doi.org/10.3109/08923979409007091
• Cheeseman, K. H., & Slater, T. F. (1993). An introduction to free radical biochemistry. British Medical Bulletin, 49(3), 481–493. https://doi. org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072625
• Combs, G. F., Jr, Noguchi, T., & Scott, M. L. (1975). Mechanisms of action of selenium and vitamin E in protection of biological membranes. Federation Proceedings, 34(11), 2090–2095.
• Dunn, A., Galan, P., & Hercberg, S. (1990). Relationship between selenium, immunity and resistance against infection. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology, 96(2), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(90)90007-v
• Fenech, A. G., & Ellul-Micallef, R. (1998). Selenium, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in maltese asthmatic patients: effect of glucocorticoid administration. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 11(4), 301–308. https://doi.org/10.1006/pupt.1998.0122
• Freeman, B. A., & Crapo, J. D. (1982). Biology of disease: free radicals and tissue injury. Laboratory investigation; Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology, 47(5), 412-426.
• Gerloff, B. J. (1992). Effect of selenium supplementation on dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 70(12), 3934–3940. https://doi. org/10.2527/1992.70123934x
• Hall, E. D., & Braughler, J. M. (1986). Role of lipid peroxidation in posttraumatic spinal cord degeneration: a review. Central Nervous System Trauma, 3(4), 281-294.https://doi.org/10.1089/cns.1986.3.281
• Halliwell, B. (1991). Reactive oxygen species in living systems: source, biochemistry, and role in human disease. The American Journal of Medicine, 91(3), S14-S22.https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343[91]90279-7
• Hidiroglou, M., Batra, T. R., & Zhao, X. (1997). Bioavailability of vitamin E compounds and the effect of supplementation on release of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by bovine neutrophils. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(1), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)75926-5
• Jensen, M., Hakkarainen, J., Lindholm, A., & Jönsson, L. (1988). Vitamin E requirement of growing swine. Journal of Animal Science, 66(12), 3101–3111. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1988.66123101x
• Julian R. J. (2005). Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry--a review. Veterinary Journal, 169(3), 350– 369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.04.015
• Karakılcık A. Z. and Aksakal, M. (1993). Some Metabolic Functions and Metabolism of Selenium and its relations with Vitamin E,4(2) 283-291 https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther-199342-1111-x
• Kiremidjian-Schumacher, L., & Stotzky, G. (1987). Selenium and immune responses. Environmental research, 42(2), 277–303. https://doi. org/10.1016/s0013-9351(87)80194-9
• Lee, J. W., Iwatsuru, M., & Nishigori, H. (1998). Alteration of Activities of Hepatic Antioxidant Defence Enzymes in Developing Chick Embryos After Glucocorticoid Administration-A Factor to Produce Some Adverse Effects? Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 50(6), 655-660.https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06901.x
• Lessard, M., Yang, W. C., Elliott, G. S., Rebar, A. H., Van Vleet, J. F., Deslauriers, N., Brisson, G. J., & Schultz, R. D. (1991). Cellular immune responses in pigs fed a vitamin E- and selenium-deficient diet. Journal of Animal Science, 69(4), 1575–1582. https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6941575x
• Lunec, J., & Blake, D. (1990). Oxygen free radicals: their relevance to disease processes. Cohen RD, Lewis B, Albert KGMM. The Metabolic and Moleculer Basis of Acquired Disease. Balliere Tindall, London, 189- 212.
• Machlin, L. J. (Ed.). (1980). Vitamin E. A comprehensive treatise (pp. x+- 660pp).
• McGrath, L. T., Treacy, R., McClean, E., & Brown, J. H. (1997). Oxidative stress in cyclosporin and azathioprine treated renal transplant patients. Clinica Chimica Acta; lnternational Journa of Clinical Chemistry, 264(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(97)00088-0
• McIntosh, L. J., Hong, K. E., & Sapolsky, R. M. (1998). Glucocorticoids may alter antioxidant enzyme capacity in the brain: baseline studies. Brain Research, 791(1-2), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006- 8993(98)00115-2
• Ohtsuka, A., Kojima, H., Ohtani, T., & Hayashi, K. (1998). Vitamin E reduces glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 44(6), 779–786. https:// doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.44.779
• Ohtsuka, A., Ohtani, T., Horiguchi, H., Kojima, H., & Hayashi, K. (1998). Vitamin E reduces glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition and lipid peroxidation in rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 44(2), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.44.237
• Oldfield, J. E. (1987). The two faces of selenium. The Journal of Nutrition, 117(12), 2002-2008. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/117.12.2002
• Packer L. (1991). Protective role of vitamin E in biological systems. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53(4 Suppl), 1050S–1055S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/53.4.1050S
• Packer, L., & Landvik, S. (1990). Vitamin E in biological systems. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 264, 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 1-4684-5730-8_13
• Pehrson, B., & Johnsson, S. (1985). Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in blood and tissues and growth and feed efficiency in young bulls at different dietary selenium levels. Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A, 32(7), 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1985.tb01969.x
• Pennings, H. J., Borm, P. J., Evelo, C. A., & Wouters, E. M. (1999). Changes in levels of catalase and glutathione in erythrocytes of patients with stable asthma, treated with beclomethasone dipropionate. European Respiratory Journal, 13(6), 1260-1266.
• Pereira, B., Bechara, E. J. H., Mendonca, J. R., & Curi, R. (1999). Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the lymphoid organs and skeletal muscles of rats treated with dexamethasone. Cell Biochemistry and Function: Cellular Biochemistry and Its Modulation by Active Agents or Disease, 17(1), 15-19.
• Placer, Z. A., Cushman, L. L., & Johnson, B. C. (1966). Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Analytical Biochemistry, 16(2), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(66)90167-9 Putnam, M. E., & Comben, N. (1987). Vitamin E. The Veterinary Record, 121(23), 541–545.
• Rajashree, S., & Puvanakrishnan, R. (1998). Dexamethasone induced alterations in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status in heart and kidney of rats. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 181, 77-85.
• Rizvi, S., Raza, S. T., Ahmed, F., Ahmad, A., Abbas, S., & Mahdi, F. (2014). The role of vitamin e in human health and some diseases. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 14(2), e157–e165.
• Smutna, M., & Synek, O. (1979). Lipid peroxidation in semen of the boar. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 48(1-4), 35-43.
• Spallholz J. E. (1990). Selenium and glutathione peroxidase: essential nutrient and antioxidant component of the immune system. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 262, 145–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0553- 8_12
• Ullrey D. E. (1992). Basis for regulation of selenium supplements in animal diets. Journal of Animal Science, 70(12), 3922–3927. https://doi. org/10.2527/1992.70123922x.
• Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(1), 44–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001
• Van Metre, D. C., & Callan, R. J. (2001). Selenium and vitamin E. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice, 17(2), 373–viii. https://doi. org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30034-7
• Vatassery, G. T., Brin, M. F., Fahn, S., Kayden, H. J., & Traber, M. G. (1988). Effect of high doses of dietary vitamin E on the concentrations of vitamin E in several brain regions, plasma, liver, and adipose tissue of rats. Journal of Neurochemistry, 51(2), 621–623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988. tb01083.x
• Yu B. P. (1994). Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species. Physiological Reviews, 74(1), 139–162. https://doi.org/10.1152/ physrev.1994.74.1.139