<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>arch curr med res</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Archives of Current Medical Research</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2717-9788</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>14 Mart Tıbbiyeliler Derneği</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47482/acmr.1595171</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Otorhinolaryngology</subject>
                                                            <subject>Psychiatry</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Kulak Burun Boğaz</subject>
                                                            <subject>Psikiyatri</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Trait anxiety, depression, and insomnia among benign paroxysmal positional vertigo cases: A multidisciplinary cross-sectional study</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo olgularında anksiyete, depresyon ve insomni: Multidisipliner kesitsel bir çalışma</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-1254</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Demirdağ Çevikkan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Meltem</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Manisa Merkezefendi Devlet Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-8913</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Balaban</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hasan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yalvaç Devlet Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9667-4525</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Tanyeri Kayahan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Selin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yalvaç Devlet Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250131">
                    <day>01</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>6</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>8</fpage>
                                        <lpage>16</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20241202">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20241225">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2020, Archives of Current Medical Research</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Archives of Current Medical Research</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common peripheral vestibular disease and is often associated with psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Studies evaluating trait anxiety in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo cases are limited. Our study aimed to assess trait anxiety, depression, and insomnia levels among those cases to investigate and emphasize the clinical value of evaluating psychiatric comorbidities.Methods: Individuals who applied to an otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were consecutively invited to participate. An extensive psychiatric assessment, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Insomnia Severity Index, and Penn State Worry Questionnaire, was applied.Results: Of 35 benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients (21 females, 14 males, mean age: 51), almost half were diagnosed with anxiety disorders, and one-third were diagnosed with depressive disorders. 34.3% (n = 12) of the sample had mild anxiety, whereas 28.6% (n = 10) had moderate and 31.4% (n = 11) had severe anxiety. 25.7% (n = 9) of the cases reported mild depressive symptoms, while 22.9% (n = 8) had moderate, and 11.4% (n = 4) had severe depression scores. 77.1% (n = 27) of the patients had mild to severe insomnia severity. All 35 participants in the study showed higher trait anxiety levels than the cut-off values of the scale.Conclusions: Evaluating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo cases for psychiatric conditions could contribute to the practical and integrated treatment of the disease, reduce its triggering causes, and increase the quality of life of the patients.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Arkaplan: Benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo en sık görülen periferik vestibüler hastalıktır ve sıklıkla anksiyete, depresyon ve uykusuzluk gibi psikiyatrik durumlarla ilişkilidir. Benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo olgularında sürekli kaygıyı değerlendiren çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada psikiyatrik komorbiditeleri değerlendirmenin klinik değerini vurgulamak üzere bu olgularda görülen sürekli kaygı, depresyon ve uykusuzluk düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Kulak burun boğaz polikliniğine başvuran ve benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo tanısı alan bireyler ardışık olarak çalışmaya davet edildi. Olgulara kapsamlı psikiyatrik değerlendirme yapılarak Beck Anksiyete Envanteri, Beck Depresyon Envanteri, Uykusuzluk Şiddeti İndeksi ve Penn State Endişe Ölçeği uygulandı.Bulgular: Yapılan psikiyatrik değerlendirme sonucunda benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigolu 35 hastanın (21 kadın, 14 erkek, yaş ortalaması: 51) neredeyse yarısına anksiyete bozukluğu, üçte birine depresif bozukluk tanısı konuldu. Örneklemin %34,3&#039;ünde (n=12) hafif düzeyde, %28,6&#039;sınde (n=10) orta düzeyde, %31,4&#039;ünde (n=11) ise şiddetli düzeyde anksiyete tespit edildi. Olguların %25,7&#039;si (n=9) hafif, %22,9&#039;u (n=8) orta, %11,4&#039;ü (n=4) şiddetli depresyon belirtileri bildirdi. Hastaların %77,1&#039;inde (n=27) hafif ila şiddetli düzeyde uykusuzluk vardı. Araştırmaya katılan 35 katılımcının tamamı, ölçeğin kesme değerlerinden daha yüksek sürekli kaygı düzeyi gösterdi.Sonuç: Benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo olgularının psikiyatrik durumlar açısından değerlendirilmesi, hastalığın etkin ve entegre tedavisine, tetikleyici nedenlerin azaltılmasına ve hastaların yaşam kalitesinin artırılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  anxiety</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  depression</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  nervousness</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  insomnia</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  anksiyete</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  depresyon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  endişe</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  insomni</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1. Kim HJ, Lee JO, Choi JY, Kim JS. Etiologic distribution of dizziness and vertigo in a referral-based dizziness clinic in South Korea. J Neurol. 2020;267(8):2252–9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2. Bhattacharyya N, Baugh RF, Orvidas L, Barrs D, Bronston LJ, Cass S, et al. Clinical practice guideline: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:47-81.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3. Vélez León V, Lucero Gutiérrez V, Escobar Hurtado C, Ramirez-Velez R. Relationship between health-related quality of life and disability in women with peripheral vertigo. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2010;61(4):255–61.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4. Kim HJ, Park J, Kim JS. Update on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. J Neurol. 2021;268(5):1995–2000.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5. Magliulo G, Bertin S, Ruggieri M, Gagliardi M. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and post-treatment quality of life. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2005:262(8):627–30.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6. Von Brevern M, Radtke A, Lezius F, Feldmann M, Ziese T, Lempert T, et al. Epidemiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a population-based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:710–15.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7. Hagr A. Comorbid psychiatric conditions of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Int J Health Sci. 2009;3:23–8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8. Staab JP. Chronic dizziness: the interface between psychiatry and neuro-otology. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006;19:41–8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9. Kahraman SS, Arli C, Copoglu US, Kokacya MH, Colak S. The evaluation of anxiety and panic agarophobia scores in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo on initial presentation and at the follow-up visit. Acta Otolaryngol. 2017;137(5):485–9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10. Ozdilek A, Yalinay Dikmen P, Acar E, Ayanoglu Aksoy E, Korkut N. Determination of anxiety, health anxiety and somatosensory amplification levels in individuals with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. J Int Adv Otol. 2019;15:436–41.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11. Kozak HH, Dundar MA, Uca AU, Uguz F, Turgut K, Altas M, et al. Anxiety, mood, and personality disorders in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Noro Psikiyatr Ars, 2018;55(1):49–53.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12. Iranfar K, Azad S. Relationship between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and sleep quality. Heliyon. 2022;8:e08717.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13. Yeo BSY, Toh EMS, Lim NE, Lee RS, Ho RCM, Tam WWS, et al. Association of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 2024;134(2):526–34.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14. Chen ZJ, Chang CH, Hu LY, Tu MS, Lu T, Chen PM, et al. Increased risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in patients with anxiety disorders: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:238.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association; 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer R. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18. Bastien C, Vallieres A, Morin CM. Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med. 2001;2:297-307.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19. Meyer TJ, Miller ML, Metzger RL, Borkovec TD. Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behav Res Ther. 1990;28:487-95.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20. Ulusoy M, Hisli Sahin N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12:163-72.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Derg. 1989;7(23):3-13.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22. Boysan M, Gulec M, Besiroglu L, Kalafat T. Psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index in Turkish sample. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2010;11:248-52.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23. Boysan M, Keskin S, Besiroglu L. Assessment of hierarchical factor structure, reliability and validity of Penn State Worry Questionnaire Turkish version. Klin Psikofarmakol. 2008;18(3):174-82.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 2013;310(20):2191–4.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25. Baxter AJ, Scott KM, Vos T, Whiteford HA. Global prevalence of anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-regression. Psychol Med. 2013;43(5):897–910.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26. Wiltink J, Tschan R, Michal M, Subic-Wrana C, Eckhardt-Henn A, Dieterich M, et al. Dizziness: Anxiety, health care utilization, and health behavior--results from a representative German community survey. J Psychosom Res. 2009;66(5):417–24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27. Best C, Tschan R, Eckhardt-Henn A, Dieterich M. Who is at risk for ongoing dizziness and psychological strain after a vestibular disorder? Neurosci. 2009;164(4):1579–87.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28. Staab JP, Ruckenstein MJ. Which comes first? Psychogenic dizziness versus otogenic anxiety. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(10):1714–8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">29. Sakellari V, Bronstein AM, Corna S, Hammon CA, Jones S, Wolsley CJ. The effects of hyperventilation on postural control mechanisms. Brain. 1997;120(9):1659–73.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">30. Perna G, Caldirola D, Bellodi L. Panic disorder: From respiration to the homeostatic brain. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2004;16:57–67.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">31. Liu S, Zhang L, Deng D, Luo W. Associations between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and seven mental disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1310026.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">32. Rohleder N. Stress and inflammation - The need to address the gap in the transition between acute and chronic stress effects. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019;105:164–71.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">33. Passamonti L, Riccelli R, Lacquaniti F, Staab JP, Indovina I. Brain responses to virtual reality visual motion stimulation are affected by neurotic personality traits in patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. J Vestibul Res-Equil. 2018;28(5-6):369–78.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">34. Buysse DJ, Angst J, Gamma A, Ajdacic V, Eich D, Rossler W. Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults. Sleep. 2008;31:473–80.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">35. Li Y, Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Bixler EO, Sun Y, Zhou J, et al. Insomnia with physiological hyperarousal is associated with hypertension. Hypertens. 2015;65:644–50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">36. Wei W, Sayyid ZN, Ma X, Wang T, Dong Y. Presence of anxiety and depression symptoms affects the first-time treatment efficacy and recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Front Neurol. 2018;9:178.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">37. Shu Y, Liao N, Fang F, Shi Q, Yan N, Hu Y. The relationship between psychological conditions and recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Neurol. 2023;23(1):137.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">38. Cohen HS, Kimball KT, Stewart MG. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and comorbid conditions. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2004;66:11–5.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
