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The Usage of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Alternatıve Protein Source in Carp Diets (Cyprinus carpio)

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 508 - 514, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.887967

Abstract

A seventy-five-day feeding study was performed to investigate the usage of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as an alternative protein source in carp diets (Cyprinus carpio). In this study, experimental fish were fed with four different diets (fish meal-based without Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal (BSFL0), 50% (BSFL50), 65% (BSFL65), and 75% (BSFL75) of fish meal substitution with BSFL), with triplicate. The carps (1.045±0.083 g) were randomly stocked into twelve flow-through tanks with a density of 50 fish per tank and reared for 75 days. Diet feed was provided to carps as a proportion of their biomass (5% of their mass per day) with two meals a day. Carps fed with BSFL65 meal showed positive effects on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization (ANPU), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). There were significant differences in moisture, crude protein, lipid, and ash content in the whole body among dietary groups (P<0.05). The protein content of the carp-fed BSFL75 diet group (20.22%) was significantly the highest among all three diet groups. Consequently, a BSFL meal can be considered as an alternative animal source of protein for the carp diet.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

This study has been summarized from the master's thesis of Hasan DOGAN. This study was previously presented as oral presentation at the International Symposium of Scientific Research and Innovative Studies (ISSRIS'21) (22-25 Feb., 2021), and the abstract of this study was published in the abstract book of this symposium.

References

  • AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 17th (eds). Arlington, VA, USA: Association of Official Analytical Communities International, Animal Feeds.
  • Belghit, I., Liland, N. S., Gjesdal, P., Biancarosa, I., Menchetti, E., Li, Y. & Lock, E. J. (2019). Black soldier fly larvae meal can replace fish meal in diets of sea-water phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 503, 609-619.
  • Bender, A.E., & Miller, D.S. (1953). A new brief method of estimating protein value. Journal of Biochemistry, 53, 7-9. Clark, A.E., Watanabe, W.O., Olla, B.L., & Wicklund, R.I. (1990). Growth, feed conversion, and protein utilization of Florida red tilapia feed isocaloric diets with different protein levels in seawater pools. Aquaculture, 88, 75-85.
  • Cummins Jr, V. C., Rawles, S. D., Thompson, K. R., Velasquez, A., Kobayashi, Y., Hager, J., & Webster, C. D. (2017). Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 473, 337-344.
  • Davis, D.A., & Arnold, C.R. (2000). Replacement of fish meal in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 185, 291-298.
  • Fasakin, E.A., Balogun, A.M. & Ajayi, O.O. (2003). Evaluation of full-fat and defatted maggot meals in the feeding of clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 34, 733-738.
  • Furrer, T. (2011). Finding an adequate tilapia feed for rural fish farmers in Mombasa. Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Zürich University of Applied Sciences-ZHAW, Zürich, Germany.
  • Gasco, L., Henry, M., Piccolo, G., Marono, S., Gai, F., Renna, M., Lussiana, C., Antonopoulou, E., Mola, P., & Chatzifotis, S. (2016). Tenebrio molitor meal in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles: Growth performance, whole body composition and in vivo apparent digestibility. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 220, 34–45.
  • Khan, S.H. (2018). Recent advances in role of insects as alternative protein source in poultry nutrition. J Appl Animal Research, 46,1, 1144-1157.
  • Kroeckel, S., Harjes, A. G., Roth, I., Katz, H., Wuertz, S., Susenbeth, A., &, Schulz, C. (2012). When a turbot catches a fly: Evaluation of a pre-pupae meal of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as fish meal substitute—Growth performance and chitin degradation in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 364, 345-352.
  • Langer, S., Bakhtiyar, Y. & Lakhnotra, R. (2011). Replacement of fishmeal with locally available ingredients in diet composition of Macrobrachium dayanum. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 1080–1084.
  • Li, S., Ji, H., Zhang, B., Zhou, J., & Yu, H. (2017). Defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in diets for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian): Growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, digestive enzyme activities, intestine and hepatopancreas histological structure. Aquaculture, 477, 62-70.
  • Magalhães, R., Sanchez-Lopez, A., Leal, RS., Martínez-Llorens, S., Oliva-Teles, A. & Peres, H. (2017). Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) pre-pupae meal as a fish meal replacement in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture. 476:79-85.
  • Makkar, H. P., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., & Ankers, P. (2014). State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 197, 1-33.
  • Rana, K. S., Salam, M. A., Hashem, S., & Islam, M. A. (2015). Development of black soldier fly larvae production technique as an alternate fish feed. International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 5(1), 41-47.
  • Riddick, E.W., 2013. Insect protein as a partial replacement for fishmeal in the diets of juvenile fish and crustaceans. In: Morales-Ramos, J.A., Rojas, M.G., Shapiro-Ilan, D.I. (Eds.), Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms: Invertebrates and Entomopathogens. Academic Press, Waltham, MA, USA, pp. 565–582.
  • Sánchez-Muros, M., Barroso, F.& Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2014). Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 65, 16–27.
  • Sealey, W. M., Gaylord, T. G., Barrows, F. T., Tomberlin, J. K., McGuire, M. A., Ross, C., & St‐Hilaire, S. (2011). Sensory analysis of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed enriched black soldier fly prepupae, Hermetia illucens. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(1), 34-45.
  • Smetana, S., Palanisamy, M., Mathys, A. & Heinz, V. (2016). Sustainability of insect use for feed and food: life cycle assessment perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production 137, 741-751.
  • Steffens, W. (1989). Principles of fish nutrition. Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.
  • Tacon, A. G. (2020). Trends in global aquaculture and aquafeed production: 2000–2017. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 28(1), 43-56.
  • Tran, G., Heuzé, V., & Makkar, H. P. S. (2015). Insects in fish diets. Animal frontiers, 5(2), 37-44.
  • Tschirner, M., & Simon, A. (2015). Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed. J Insects Food Feed, 1(3), 1-12.
  • Watanabe, W.O., Clark, J.H., Dunham, J.B., Wicklund, R.I., & Olla, B.L. (1990). Culture of Florida Red Tilapia in Marine Cage. The Effect of Stocking Density and Dietary Protein on Growth. Aquaculture, 90, 123-124.
  • Webster, C. D., Rawles, S. D., Koch, J. F., Thompson, K. R., Kobayashi, Y., Gannam, A. L., & Hyde, N. M. (2016). Bio‐Ag reutilization of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as a substrate for black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens, along with poultry by‐product meal and soybean meal, as total replacement of fish meal in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(5), 976-988.
  • Zar, J.H., 1996. Biostatistical analysis, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Zhou, Q.C., & Yue, Y.R. (2012). Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected feed ingredients for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture Research, 43, 806-814.

Sazan (Cyprinus carpio) Diyetlerinde Alternatif Protein Kaynağı Olarak Siyah Asker Sineği (Hermetia illucens) Larvası Ununun Kullanımı

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 508 - 514, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.887967

Abstract

Yetmiş beş günlük besleme çalışmasında, Sazan (Cyprinus carpio) diyetlerinde alternatif protein kaynağı olarak Siyah Asker Sineği (Hermetia illucens) Larvası Ununun kullanım imkânları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, üç tekerrürlü olmak üzere, ASSL0 (Kontrol diyet grubu: sadece Balık unu), ASSL50 (Balık ununa ikame %50 ASSL), ASSL65 (Balık ununa ikame %65 ASSL) ve ASSL75 (Balık ununa ikame %75 ASSL) olacak şekilde dört farklı diyetle deneme balıkları beslenmiştir. Ortalama başlangıç ağırlıkları 1,045±0,083 g olan sazanlar (Cyprinus carpio) sürekli su akışının sağlandığı 12 adet tanka tesadüfi olarak ve her bir tanka stok yoğunluğu 50 adet olacak şekilde stoklanmış ve 75 gün süre ile besleme çalışması devam etmiştir. Deneme yemleri sazanlara vücut ağırlıklarının %5’i oranında sabah ve akşam olmak üzere günde iki kez verilmiştir. Deneme periyotu sonunda, ASSL65 diyet grubunda ağırlık kazancı, spesifik büyüme oranı, protein etkinlik oranı, net protein kullanım oranı ve yem değerlendirme oranı pozitif yönde etkilenmiştir. Diyet grupları arasında nem, ham protein, yağ ve kül içeriği açısından önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (P <0,05). ASSL75 diyet grubunun protein içeriği (% 20.22), diğer diyet grupları arasında önemli ölçüde yüksek seviyede bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Siyah asker sineği larvası unu sazan diyeti için alternatif hayvansal protein kaynağı olarak düşünülebilir.

Project Number

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References

  • AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 17th (eds). Arlington, VA, USA: Association of Official Analytical Communities International, Animal Feeds.
  • Belghit, I., Liland, N. S., Gjesdal, P., Biancarosa, I., Menchetti, E., Li, Y. & Lock, E. J. (2019). Black soldier fly larvae meal can replace fish meal in diets of sea-water phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 503, 609-619.
  • Bender, A.E., & Miller, D.S. (1953). A new brief method of estimating protein value. Journal of Biochemistry, 53, 7-9. Clark, A.E., Watanabe, W.O., Olla, B.L., & Wicklund, R.I. (1990). Growth, feed conversion, and protein utilization of Florida red tilapia feed isocaloric diets with different protein levels in seawater pools. Aquaculture, 88, 75-85.
  • Cummins Jr, V. C., Rawles, S. D., Thompson, K. R., Velasquez, A., Kobayashi, Y., Hager, J., & Webster, C. D. (2017). Evaluation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as partial or total replacement of marine fish meal in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 473, 337-344.
  • Davis, D.A., & Arnold, C.R. (2000). Replacement of fish meal in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 185, 291-298.
  • Fasakin, E.A., Balogun, A.M. & Ajayi, O.O. (2003). Evaluation of full-fat and defatted maggot meals in the feeding of clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 34, 733-738.
  • Furrer, T. (2011). Finding an adequate tilapia feed for rural fish farmers in Mombasa. Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Zürich University of Applied Sciences-ZHAW, Zürich, Germany.
  • Gasco, L., Henry, M., Piccolo, G., Marono, S., Gai, F., Renna, M., Lussiana, C., Antonopoulou, E., Mola, P., & Chatzifotis, S. (2016). Tenebrio molitor meal in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles: Growth performance, whole body composition and in vivo apparent digestibility. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 220, 34–45.
  • Khan, S.H. (2018). Recent advances in role of insects as alternative protein source in poultry nutrition. J Appl Animal Research, 46,1, 1144-1157.
  • Kroeckel, S., Harjes, A. G., Roth, I., Katz, H., Wuertz, S., Susenbeth, A., &, Schulz, C. (2012). When a turbot catches a fly: Evaluation of a pre-pupae meal of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as fish meal substitute—Growth performance and chitin degradation in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 364, 345-352.
  • Langer, S., Bakhtiyar, Y. & Lakhnotra, R. (2011). Replacement of fishmeal with locally available ingredients in diet composition of Macrobrachium dayanum. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 1080–1084.
  • Li, S., Ji, H., Zhang, B., Zhou, J., & Yu, H. (2017). Defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal in diets for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian): Growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, digestive enzyme activities, intestine and hepatopancreas histological structure. Aquaculture, 477, 62-70.
  • Magalhães, R., Sanchez-Lopez, A., Leal, RS., Martínez-Llorens, S., Oliva-Teles, A. & Peres, H. (2017). Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) pre-pupae meal as a fish meal replacement in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture. 476:79-85.
  • Makkar, H. P., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., & Ankers, P. (2014). State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 197, 1-33.
  • Rana, K. S., Salam, M. A., Hashem, S., & Islam, M. A. (2015). Development of black soldier fly larvae production technique as an alternate fish feed. International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 5(1), 41-47.
  • Riddick, E.W., 2013. Insect protein as a partial replacement for fishmeal in the diets of juvenile fish and crustaceans. In: Morales-Ramos, J.A., Rojas, M.G., Shapiro-Ilan, D.I. (Eds.), Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms: Invertebrates and Entomopathogens. Academic Press, Waltham, MA, USA, pp. 565–582.
  • Sánchez-Muros, M., Barroso, F.& Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2014). Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 65, 16–27.
  • Sealey, W. M., Gaylord, T. G., Barrows, F. T., Tomberlin, J. K., McGuire, M. A., Ross, C., & St‐Hilaire, S. (2011). Sensory analysis of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed enriched black soldier fly prepupae, Hermetia illucens. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 42(1), 34-45.
  • Smetana, S., Palanisamy, M., Mathys, A. & Heinz, V. (2016). Sustainability of insect use for feed and food: life cycle assessment perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production 137, 741-751.
  • Steffens, W. (1989). Principles of fish nutrition. Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.
  • Tacon, A. G. (2020). Trends in global aquaculture and aquafeed production: 2000–2017. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 28(1), 43-56.
  • Tran, G., Heuzé, V., & Makkar, H. P. S. (2015). Insects in fish diets. Animal frontiers, 5(2), 37-44.
  • Tschirner, M., & Simon, A. (2015). Influence of different growing substrates and processing on the nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae destined for animal feed. J Insects Food Feed, 1(3), 1-12.
  • Watanabe, W.O., Clark, J.H., Dunham, J.B., Wicklund, R.I., & Olla, B.L. (1990). Culture of Florida Red Tilapia in Marine Cage. The Effect of Stocking Density and Dietary Protein on Growth. Aquaculture, 90, 123-124.
  • Webster, C. D., Rawles, S. D., Koch, J. F., Thompson, K. R., Kobayashi, Y., Gannam, A. L., & Hyde, N. M. (2016). Bio‐Ag reutilization of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as a substrate for black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens, along with poultry by‐product meal and soybean meal, as total replacement of fish meal in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 22(5), 976-988.
  • Zar, J.H., 1996. Biostatistical analysis, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Zhou, Q.C., & Yue, Y.R. (2012). Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected feed ingredients for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture Research, 43, 806-814.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hasan Dogan This is me 0000-0002-5598-4380

Funda Turan 0000-0002-0257-6009

Project Number -
Publication Date December 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Dogan, H., & Turan, F. (2021). The Usage of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Alternatıve Protein Source in Carp Diets (Cyprinus carpio). Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17(4), 508-514. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.887967