Research Article
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Determination of tdh and trh Positive Vibrio alginolyticus Isolates from Black Mussel (Choromytilus meridionalis) in Aegean Sea coast of Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 295 - 302, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.936723

Abstract

Abstract: Vibrio alginolyticus is one of the important pathogens, especially found in bivalve mollusks and food poisoning in humans. The severity of food poisoning is directly proportional to the virulence genes of V. alginolyticus. Tdh-Related Hemolysin (trh) and Thermostable Direct Hemolysin (tdh) genes have an important place among the virulence genes found in V. alginolyticus. In this research, 17 V. alginolyticus were isolated from 17 orders (80.95%) of 21 sets of black mussels (Choromytilus Meridionalis) samples purchased from local divers in İzmir and Balıkesir regions. While trh gene was detected in 7 (42.17%) of 17 isolates, tdh gene was found in 6 (35.29%) and both trh and tdh genes were found in 2 (11.76%) isolates; no trh or tdh gene was found in 2 isolates (11.76%). The results of the study are also important in terms of public health. Black mussel is a product that is mainly consumed in coastal areas in Turkey and is mostly sold uncontrolled by mussel sellers. Vibrios with virulence genes can cause food poisoning, especially in summer. In addition, V. alginolyticus may be a tdh-trh reservoir for other vibrio species. To clarify this, more detailed research should be done with other vibrio species and other bivalve species.

References

  • Ali, H., Rahman, M.M., Rico, A., Jaman, A., Basak, S.K., MahbubulIslam, M., Khan, N., Keus, H.J. & Mohan, C.V. (2018). An assessment of health management practices and occupational health hazards in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) aquaculture in Bangladesh. Turkısh Journal Of Veterınary And Anımal Scıences. 5, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2018.01.002
  • Avsever, M.L. (2016). First report of trh positive Vibrio alginolyticus isolates from bivalve molluscs in Turkey. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 167(3), 65-70.
  • Balebona, M,C., Andreu, M.J., Bordas, M.A., Zorrilla, I., Moriñigo, M.A. & Borrego, J. (1998). Pathogenicity of Vibrio alginolyticus from cultured gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Applied and Environmental Microbiology Journal. 64, 4269-4275. https://doi.org 10.1128/AEM.64.11.4269-4275.1998.
  • Bej, A.K., Patterson, D.P., Brasher, C.W., Vickery, M.C.L., Vickery, M.C., DJones, D.D. & Kaysner, C.A. (1999). Detection of total and hemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish using multiplex PCR amplification of tl, tdh and trh. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 36, 215- 225. https://doi.org10.1016/s0167-7012(99)00037-8
  • Benkahla-Nakbia, A., Besbesa, A., Chaieba, K., Rouabhia, M. & Bakhrouf, A. (2007). Survival of Vibrio alginolyticus in sea- water and retention of virulence of its starved cells. Marine Environmental Research. 46, 469-478 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.04.002
  • Boyde, F., Moyerk, E. & Shi, I. (2000). Infectious CTX phi and the Vibrio pathogenicity is land prophage in Vibrio mimicus: evidence for recent horizontal transfer between V. mimicus and V. cholerae. Infection and Immunity - ASM Journals. 68,1507-1513. https://doi.org 10.1128/IAI.68.3.1507-1513.2000
  • Chowdhury, G., Rahman, M.M., Mondal, M.N. & Hannan, A. (2015). Studies on pathogens associated with black spot disease of prawn and shrimp in Bangladesh. Confarence paper. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284673047
  • Cohen, N., Karib, H., Said, J., Lemee, L., Guenole, A. & Quılıcı, M.L. (2007) Prévalence des vibrions potentiellement pathogènes dans les produits de la pêche commercialisés à Casablanca (Maroc). Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 158, 562-568.
  • Covazzi-Harriague, A., Brino, M.D., Zampini, M., Albertelli, G., Pruzzo, C. & Misic, C. (2008). Vibrios in association with sedimentary crustaceans in three beaches of the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56, 574-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.12.011
  • Elliott, E.L., Kaysnery, C.A. & Tamplin ML (1992.) V. cholerae, V. vulnificus and other Vibrio spp. In FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 7th ed, AOAC International, Arlington.
  • González-Escalona, N., Blackstone. G.M. & Depaola, A. (2006). Characterization of a Vibrio alginolyticus Strain, isolated from Alaskan Oysters, Carrying a Hemolysin Gene Similar to the Thermostable Direct Hemolysin-Related Hemolysin Gene (trh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72, 7925-7929. https://doi.org 10.1128/AEM.01548-06
  • Gargouti, A.S; Ab-Rashid, M.N.K; Ghazali, M.F; Mitsuaki, N; Haresh, K.K; Radu, S. (2015). Detection of tdh and trh Toxic Genes in Vibrio Alginolyticus Strain from Mantis Shrimp (Oratosquilla Oratoria), Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 5 (5) (2015), p. 1000405 https://doi.org.10.4172/2155-9600.1000405
  • Gutierrez West, C.K., Klein, S.L. & Lovell, H.R. (2013). High frequency of virulence factor genes tdh, trh, and tlh in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from a pristine estuary, Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 79(7), 2247–2252. https://doi.org. 10.1128/AEM.03792-12
  • Hentschel, U., Stelnert, M. & Hacker J. (2000). Common molecular mechanism of symbiosis and pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol. 8, 226- 231.Karim, M.R., Uddin, M.N., Rahman, M.K & Uddin A. (2018). Microbiological study of costal shrimp aquaculture production system of Bangladesh. Journal of Biology and Life Science. 9(1). https://doi.org.10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01758-3.
  • Lida, T. & Honda, T. (1997). Hemolysin sproduced by vibrios. Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews, 16, 215-227. 7 https://doi.org.10.3109/15569549709016457
  • Lopes, C.M., Rabadao, E.M., Ventura, C., Cunha, S.D., Côrte-Real, R. & Meliço-Silvestre, A.A. (1993). A Case of Vibrio alginolyticus Bacteremia and Probable Sphenoiditis Following a Dive in the Sea. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 17, 299-300. https://doi.org 10.1093/clinids/17.2.299
  • Luo, P. & Hu, C. (2008). Vibrio alginolyticus gyrB sequence analysis and gyrB-targeted PCR identification in environmental isolates. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 82, 209-216. https://doi.org 10.3354/dao01984
  • Mustapha S., Mustapha Em., Brahim B. & Nozha C. (2012). Characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus trh Positive From mediterranean Environment in Tamouda Bay (Morocco). World Environment, 2, 76-80. https://doi.org.10.5923/j.env.20120204.04
  • Osorio, CR. & Klose, K.E. (2000). A region of the transmembrane regulatory protein toxR that tethers the transcriptional activation domain to the cytoplasmic membrane displays wide divergence among Vibrio species. Journal Bacteriology. 182, 526–528. https://doi.org.10.1128/jb.182.2.526-528.2000
  • Reina, J., Fernandez-Baca, V. & Lopez, A. (1995). Acute gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio alginolyticus in an immunocompetent patient. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21, 1044-5. https://doi.org.10.1093/clinids/21.4.1044
  • Stalin, N. & Srinivasan, P. (2016). Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its specific phage from shrimp pond in Palk Strait, South East coast of India. Biologicals, 44:526–533 https://doi.org.10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.08.003
  • Tada, J., Ohashi, T., Nishimura, N., Shirasaki, Y., Ozaki, O., Fukushima, S., Takano, J., Nishibuchi, M. & Takeda, Y. (1992). Detectionof the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) and the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene (trh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 6, 477-487. https://doi.org.10.1016/0890-8508(92)90044-x
  • Terzi, G., Büyüktanır, Ö. & Yurdusev, N. (2009). Detection of the tdh and trh genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in fish and mussels from middle black sea coast of Turkey. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 49,757-763 https://doi.org.10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02736.x
  • TS/TS ISO 8914 (1998). Microbiology-General Guidance for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.
  • Türk, N., Avsever, M.L. & Ün, C. (2011). Investigation of tdh and trh genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isoletes from isolated Bivalve molluscs. Bornova Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 33, 29-36.
  • Xie, Z.Y., Hu, C.G., Chen, C., Zhang, L.P. & Ren, C.H. (2005). Investigation of seven Vibrio virulence genes among Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from the coastal mariculture systems in Guangdong, China. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 41, 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01688.x
  • Weils, L.S. & Wendy, W. (2012). Characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with emphasis on its antibiogram and heavy metal resistance pattern. Veterinarski arhiv, 82, 221-227.
  • Zhangx, H. & Austin, B. (2005). Haemolysins in Vibrio species. Journal of Applied Microbiology . 98, 1011-1019. https://doi.org.10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02583.x

Türkiye'nin Ege Denizi kıyısındaki Kara Midye (Choromytilus meridionalis)'lerden tdh ve trh Pozitif Vibrio alginolyticus İzolatlarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 295 - 302, 01.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.936723

Abstract

Vibrio alginolyticus, özellikle çift kabuklu yumuşakçalarda bulunan ve insanlarda gıda zehirlenmesine neden olan önemli patojenlerden biridir. Gıda zehirlenmesinin şiddeti, V. alginolyticus'un virülans genleri ile doğru orantılıdır. V. alginolyticus’ ta tespit edilmiş virulans genler içinde Tdh-İlişkili Hemolizin (trh) ve Termostabil Direkt Hemolizin (tdh) genleri önemli bir yer tutar. Bu çalışmada, İzmir ve Balıkesir yörelerindeki yerel dalgıçlardan satın alınan 21 takım (Her takımda yüz civarında midye olmak üzere) kara midye (Choromytilus Meridionalis) numunesinin 17 takımından (%80,95) 17 adet V. alginolyticus izole edildi. On yedi izolatın 7’sinde (%42,17) trh geni, 6’sında (%35,29) tdh geni, 2’sinde (%11,76) hem trh hem tdh geni bulunurken; 2 izolatta (%11,76) trh ya da tdh geni tespit edilmedi. Çalışma sonuçları halk sağlığı açısından da önemlidir. Kara midye, Türkiye’de ağırlıklı olarak kıyı bölgelerde tüketilen ve çoğunlukla kontrolsüz olarak seyyar midyeciler tarafından satılan bir üründür. Virulans genlere sahip vibriolar özellikle yaz aylarında gıda zehirlenmeleri meydana getirebilir. Ek olarak, V. alginolyticus, diğer vibrio türleri için tdh-trh rezervuarı olabilir. Bunu netleştirmek için diğer vibrio türleri ve diğer çift kabuklu türleri ile daha detaylı araştırmalar yapılmalıdır.

References

  • Ali, H., Rahman, M.M., Rico, A., Jaman, A., Basak, S.K., MahbubulIslam, M., Khan, N., Keus, H.J. & Mohan, C.V. (2018). An assessment of health management practices and occupational health hazards in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) aquaculture in Bangladesh. Turkısh Journal Of Veterınary And Anımal Scıences. 5, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2018.01.002
  • Avsever, M.L. (2016). First report of trh positive Vibrio alginolyticus isolates from bivalve molluscs in Turkey. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 167(3), 65-70.
  • Balebona, M,C., Andreu, M.J., Bordas, M.A., Zorrilla, I., Moriñigo, M.A. & Borrego, J. (1998). Pathogenicity of Vibrio alginolyticus from cultured gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Applied and Environmental Microbiology Journal. 64, 4269-4275. https://doi.org 10.1128/AEM.64.11.4269-4275.1998.
  • Bej, A.K., Patterson, D.P., Brasher, C.W., Vickery, M.C.L., Vickery, M.C., DJones, D.D. & Kaysner, C.A. (1999). Detection of total and hemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish using multiplex PCR amplification of tl, tdh and trh. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 36, 215- 225. https://doi.org10.1016/s0167-7012(99)00037-8
  • Benkahla-Nakbia, A., Besbesa, A., Chaieba, K., Rouabhia, M. & Bakhrouf, A. (2007). Survival of Vibrio alginolyticus in sea- water and retention of virulence of its starved cells. Marine Environmental Research. 46, 469-478 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.04.002
  • Boyde, F., Moyerk, E. & Shi, I. (2000). Infectious CTX phi and the Vibrio pathogenicity is land prophage in Vibrio mimicus: evidence for recent horizontal transfer between V. mimicus and V. cholerae. Infection and Immunity - ASM Journals. 68,1507-1513. https://doi.org 10.1128/IAI.68.3.1507-1513.2000
  • Chowdhury, G., Rahman, M.M., Mondal, M.N. & Hannan, A. (2015). Studies on pathogens associated with black spot disease of prawn and shrimp in Bangladesh. Confarence paper. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284673047
  • Cohen, N., Karib, H., Said, J., Lemee, L., Guenole, A. & Quılıcı, M.L. (2007) Prévalence des vibrions potentiellement pathogènes dans les produits de la pêche commercialisés à Casablanca (Maroc). Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 158, 562-568.
  • Covazzi-Harriague, A., Brino, M.D., Zampini, M., Albertelli, G., Pruzzo, C. & Misic, C. (2008). Vibrios in association with sedimentary crustaceans in three beaches of the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56, 574-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.12.011
  • Elliott, E.L., Kaysnery, C.A. & Tamplin ML (1992.) V. cholerae, V. vulnificus and other Vibrio spp. In FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 7th ed, AOAC International, Arlington.
  • González-Escalona, N., Blackstone. G.M. & Depaola, A. (2006). Characterization of a Vibrio alginolyticus Strain, isolated from Alaskan Oysters, Carrying a Hemolysin Gene Similar to the Thermostable Direct Hemolysin-Related Hemolysin Gene (trh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72, 7925-7929. https://doi.org 10.1128/AEM.01548-06
  • Gargouti, A.S; Ab-Rashid, M.N.K; Ghazali, M.F; Mitsuaki, N; Haresh, K.K; Radu, S. (2015). Detection of tdh and trh Toxic Genes in Vibrio Alginolyticus Strain from Mantis Shrimp (Oratosquilla Oratoria), Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 5 (5) (2015), p. 1000405 https://doi.org.10.4172/2155-9600.1000405
  • Gutierrez West, C.K., Klein, S.L. & Lovell, H.R. (2013). High frequency of virulence factor genes tdh, trh, and tlh in Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from a pristine estuary, Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 79(7), 2247–2252. https://doi.org. 10.1128/AEM.03792-12
  • Hentschel, U., Stelnert, M. & Hacker J. (2000). Common molecular mechanism of symbiosis and pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol. 8, 226- 231.Karim, M.R., Uddin, M.N., Rahman, M.K & Uddin A. (2018). Microbiological study of costal shrimp aquaculture production system of Bangladesh. Journal of Biology and Life Science. 9(1). https://doi.org.10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01758-3.
  • Lida, T. & Honda, T. (1997). Hemolysin sproduced by vibrios. Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews, 16, 215-227. 7 https://doi.org.10.3109/15569549709016457
  • Lopes, C.M., Rabadao, E.M., Ventura, C., Cunha, S.D., Côrte-Real, R. & Meliço-Silvestre, A.A. (1993). A Case of Vibrio alginolyticus Bacteremia and Probable Sphenoiditis Following a Dive in the Sea. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 17, 299-300. https://doi.org 10.1093/clinids/17.2.299
  • Luo, P. & Hu, C. (2008). Vibrio alginolyticus gyrB sequence analysis and gyrB-targeted PCR identification in environmental isolates. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 82, 209-216. https://doi.org 10.3354/dao01984
  • Mustapha S., Mustapha Em., Brahim B. & Nozha C. (2012). Characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus trh Positive From mediterranean Environment in Tamouda Bay (Morocco). World Environment, 2, 76-80. https://doi.org.10.5923/j.env.20120204.04
  • Osorio, CR. & Klose, K.E. (2000). A region of the transmembrane regulatory protein toxR that tethers the transcriptional activation domain to the cytoplasmic membrane displays wide divergence among Vibrio species. Journal Bacteriology. 182, 526–528. https://doi.org.10.1128/jb.182.2.526-528.2000
  • Reina, J., Fernandez-Baca, V. & Lopez, A. (1995). Acute gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio alginolyticus in an immunocompetent patient. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21, 1044-5. https://doi.org.10.1093/clinids/21.4.1044
  • Stalin, N. & Srinivasan, P. (2016). Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its specific phage from shrimp pond in Palk Strait, South East coast of India. Biologicals, 44:526–533 https://doi.org.10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.08.003
  • Tada, J., Ohashi, T., Nishimura, N., Shirasaki, Y., Ozaki, O., Fukushima, S., Takano, J., Nishibuchi, M. & Takeda, Y. (1992). Detectionof the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) and the thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin gene (trh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 6, 477-487. https://doi.org.10.1016/0890-8508(92)90044-x
  • Terzi, G., Büyüktanır, Ö. & Yurdusev, N. (2009). Detection of the tdh and trh genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in fish and mussels from middle black sea coast of Turkey. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 49,757-763 https://doi.org.10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02736.x
  • TS/TS ISO 8914 (1998). Microbiology-General Guidance for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.
  • Türk, N., Avsever, M.L. & Ün, C. (2011). Investigation of tdh and trh genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isoletes from isolated Bivalve molluscs. Bornova Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 33, 29-36.
  • Xie, Z.Y., Hu, C.G., Chen, C., Zhang, L.P. & Ren, C.H. (2005). Investigation of seven Vibrio virulence genes among Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from the coastal mariculture systems in Guangdong, China. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 41, 202-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01688.x
  • Weils, L.S. & Wendy, W. (2012). Characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with emphasis on its antibiogram and heavy metal resistance pattern. Veterinarski arhiv, 82, 221-227.
  • Zhangx, H. & Austin, B. (2005). Haemolysins in Vibrio species. Journal of Applied Microbiology . 98, 1011-1019. https://doi.org.10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02583.x
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Meriç Lütfi Avsever 0000-0003-2959-663X

Early Pub Date August 24, 2022
Publication Date September 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Avsever, M. L. (2022). Determination of tdh and trh Positive Vibrio alginolyticus Isolates from Black Mussel (Choromytilus meridionalis) in Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 18(3), 295-302. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.936723