Evaluation of the Relationship Between Addiction-like Eating Behavior, Mindful Eating, and Obesity in Adults

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 228 - 234, 17.03.2023

Betül Kocaadam Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1238538

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between addictive-like eating behavior, mindful eating, and obesity and the factors affecting them. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with 459 adults (47.7% male, 52.3% female, mean age 27.2±10.52 years). The study data were obtained with a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire form includes the socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, Addiction-Like Eating Behaviors Scale (ALEBS), and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Results: 36.6% of the participants were overweight or obese. The mean MEQ score was 3.3±0.47, and the ALEBS score was 39.9±11.69. Smokers had a significantly higher ALEBS score (p=0.027). While the MEQ score was significantly lower in obese individuals (p<0.05), the ALEBS score was significantly higher (p<0.05). A negative correlation was found between the total MEQ score and the total ALEBS score (r= -0.618; p<0.001). BMI was negatively correlated with the MEQ score (r= -0.149; p= 0.001); it was positively correlated with Appetitive derive and Low diet control subscales (r= 0.307; p<0.001; r= 0.380; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: This study supports that mindful eating and addiction-like eating behavior scores may related with body weight. Smoking may be a factor associated with food addiction. In preventing and treating obesity, early intervention studies are essential to increase the mindful eating in individuals and reduce food addiction.

Keywords

Mindful Eating, Addiction-Like Eating Behavior, Obesity

References

• World Health Organization European Regional Obesity Report 2022. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
• Meule A, Kübler AJA. Double trouble. Trait food craving and impulsivity interactively predict food-cue affected behavioral inhibition. Appetite. 2014;79:174-82.
• Bao K, French EN, Schleyer B, Khaikin S, Chen EY. Food addiction is associated with greater objective binge eating and eating disorder psychopathology, and higher body mass index in youth, a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res Commun. 2022;2(3):100067.
• Cebioğlu İK, Bilgin GD, Kavsara HK, Koyuncu AG, Sarioğlu A, Aydin S, et al. Food addiction among university students: The effect of mindful eating. Appetite. 2022;177:106133.
• Brown RM, Kupchik YM, Spencer S, Garcia-Keller C, Spanswick DC, Lawrence AJ, et al. Addiction-like synaptic impairments in diet-induced obesity. Biological Psychiatry. 2017;81(9):797-806.
• Cura-Esquivel I, Ramos-Álvarez J, Delgado E, Regalado-Ceballos A. Prevalence of food addiction using the Yale-C scale in Mexican children with overweight and obesity. PeerJ. 2022;10:e13500.
• Meule A, von Rezori V, Blechert J. Food addiction and bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2014;22(5):331-7.
• Penzenstadler L, Soares C, Karila L, Khazaal Y. Systematic review of food addiction as measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale: implications for the food addiction construct. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2019;17(6):526-38.
• Öyekçin DG, Deveci A. Yeme bagimliliginin etyolojisi/etiology of food addiction. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar. 2012;4(2):138.
• Stice E, Spoor S, Bohon C, Veldhuizen MG, Small DM. Relation of reward from food intake and anticipated food intake to obesity: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2008;117(4):924.
• Camacho-Barcia L, Munguía L, Gaspar-Pérez A, Jimenez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Impact of food addiction in therapy response in obesity and eating disorders. Curr Addict Rep. 2022:1-7.
• Çolak H, Aktaç Ş. Ağırlık Yönetimine Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Yeme Farkındalığı. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2019;3(3):212-22.
• Bays JC. Mindful Eating: A Guide to Rediscovering a Healthy and Joyful Relationship with Food (Revised Edition): Shambhala Publications; 2017.
• Borisenkov MF, Tserne TA, Popov SV, Bakutova LA, Pecherkina AA, Dorogina OI, et al. Food preferences and YFAS/YFAS-C scores in schoolchildren and university students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2021;26(7):2333-43.
• Meadows A, Higgs S. Internalized weight stigma and the progression of food addiction over time. Body Image. 2020;34:67-71.
• Najem J, Saber M, Aoun C, El Osta N, Papazian T, Khabbaz LR. Prevalence of food addiction and association with stress, sleep quality and chronotype: A cross-sectional survey among university students. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(2):533-9.
• Ruddock HK, Christiansen P, Halford JC, Hardman CA. The development and validation of the Addiction-like Eating Behaviour Scale. Int J Obes. 2017;41(11):1710-7.
• Demir D, Bektas M, Demir S, Bektas I. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the addiction-like eating behavior scale for university students. Curr Psychol. 2021;40(6):2590-8.
• Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Littman AJ, Zeliadt S, Benitez D. Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(8):1439-44.
• Gizem K, Tayfur M, Birincioğlu İ, Dönmez A. Adaptation study of the mindful eating questiıonnare (MEQ) into Turkish. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research. 2018;5(3):125-.
• World Health Organisation. (2006). Global database on Body Mass Index: BMI Classification.Geneva: World Health Organization.
• Hayran M, Hayran M. Sağlık Araştırmaları İçin Temel İstatistik (1. Basım). Art Ofset Matbaacılık Yayıncılık Organizasyon Ankara Sayfa. 2011;95:468-74.
• Zahra A, Moazzama S, Jamal Z, Saleem A, Asghar M. ‘‘Obesity associated with depression, environmental factors, and stress related eatings’’: Analysis of obesity and its associated factors. ScienceOpen Preprints. 2022.
• Kim Y-R, An Z, Kim K-H, Kim D-M, Hwang B-I, Kim M. Factors Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Eating Disorders in Young Korean Women: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients. 2022;14(6):1315.
• Kocaadam-Bozkurt B, Köksal E, Özalp Ateş FS. Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children: Validation and Reliability in Turkish Children. Mindfulness. 2022:1-10.
• Yilmaz B, Karadag MG. Evaluation of Mindful Eating, Body Image and Anthropometric Measurements of Adolescents During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Prog Nutr. 2022;24(1).
• Shaw R, Cassidy T. Self-Compassion, Mindful Eating, Eating Attitudes and Wellbeing Among Emerging Adults. J Psychol. 2022;156(1):33-47.
• Borisenkov MF, Tserne TA, Popov SV, Bakutova LA, Pecherkina AA, Dorogina OI, et al. Food preferences and YFAS/YFAS-C scores in schoolchildren and university students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2021;26(7):2333-43.
• Meadows A, Higgs S. Internalized weight stigma and the progression of food addiction over time. Body Image. 2020;34:67-71.
• Najem J, Saber M, Aoun C, El Osta N, Papazian T, Khabbaz LR. Prevalence of food addiction and association with stress, sleep quality and chronotype: A cross-sectional survey among university students. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(2):533-9.
• Köse G, Tayfur M. BMI, physical activity, sleep quality, eating attitudes, emotions: which one is affected by mindful eating? Prog Nutr. 2021;23
• Schulte EM, Avena NM, Gearhardt AN. Which foods may be addictive? The roles of processing, fat content, and glycemic load. PloS one. 2015;10(2):e0117959.
• Praxedes DR, Silva‐Júnior AE, Macena ML, Oliveira AD, Cardoso KS, Nunes LO, et al. Prevalence of food addiction determined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale and associated factors: A systematic review with meta‐analysis. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2022;30(2):85-95.