The Effect of Salt in the Fıre Resıdue Analysıs of Gasolıne, a Fıre Accelerant: a Solıd-Phase Mıcroextractıon (SPME) Method

Year 2024, Volume: 38 Issue: 3, 205 - 216, 31.12.2024

Mihriban Dilan Kılıç , Murat Yayla , Selda Mercan

Abstract

Introduction: The most critical step in the investigation of the origin of a fire is to prove the presence of an ignitable liquid and the methods developed in this field are expected to be fast, easy, and effective. In many studies, solid phase microextraction (SPME) is used in the sample preparation step and the effect of parameters such as sampling time, temperature, etc. on detection time and extraction efficiency is investigated, but the effect of salt solution applied before SPME on recovery has not yet been investigated.

Aim: In this study, the effect of salt solution on the detection of volatile components in gasoline, which is an ignitable liquid and used as a fire accelerator, by the SPME method was investigated.
Materials and Method: In the study, 2.5x2.5 cm carpet samples containing 500 µL gasoline were kept in the laboratory for 2, 4, 6 hours and 30, 45 days with and without burning. Before SPME, 0.16 g/mL NaCl solution was added to the samples, and the samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry system.

Results: The extraction efficiency of the salt-treated samples, which were kept for 2, 4 and 6 hours without combustion after the addition of gasoline, decreased by about 50% compared to the unsalted samples, while the salt-treated samples kept for 30 and 45 days showed a 3.21 and 6.88-fold increase in the extraction efficiency. In the carpet samples kept for 2, 4, and 6 hours after burning, the salt solution increased the extraction efficiency up to 4 times, while it did not affect the samples kept for 30 and 45 days.

Conclusion: The effect of the salt solution on the extraction efficiency of gasoline, which is an ignitable liquid and frequently used in arson cases, in fire debris analysis has been investigated for the first time in this study. Since each combustion and fire scene has its characteristics, it is thought that these kinds of controlled experimental investigations should be diversified by applying the developed method to different matrices with different contents (cotton, acrylamide, etc.) for different durations.

Keywords

Ignitable liquid, fire, solid phase microextraction, salt, sodium chloride, gasoline

Project Number

TR10/18/YMP/0057

Bir Yangın Hızlandırıcısı Olan Benzinin Kalıntı Analizinde Tuzun Etkisi: Katı-Faz Mikroekstraksiyon (SPME) Yöntemi

Abstract

Giriş: Yangın çıkış nedeninin araştırılmasında en kritik aşama, tutuşabilir bir sıvının varlığının kanıtlanmasıdır ve bu alanda geliştirilen yöntemlerin hızlı, kolay ve etkili olması beklenmektedir. Birçok çalışmada örnek hazırlama basamağında katı faz mikroekstraksiyon (SPME) yöntemi kullanılarak örnekleme süresi, sıcaklık vb. parametrelerin tespit süresi ve ekstraksiyon verimliliği üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir ancak SPME öncesinde uygulanan tuz çözeltisinin geri kazanıma etkisi henüz araştırılmamıştır.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, tutuşabilir bir sıvı olan ve yangın hızlandırıcısı olarak kullanılan benzinin içerisinde bulunan uçucu bileşenlerin SPME yöntemi ile tespit edilmesinde tuz çözeltisinin etkisi araştırılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, 500 µL benzin eklenmiş 2.5x2.5 cm ebatlarında halı numuneleri hem yakılmadan hem de yakılarak 2, 4, 6 saat ve 30, 45 gün sürelerde laboratuvar ortamında bekletilmiştir. SPME öncesi numunelerin içerisine 0.16 g/mL NaCl çözeltisi eklenmiş ve numuneler Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi sistemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Benzin eklendikten sonra yakılmadan 2, 4 ve 6 saat bekletilmiş ve tuz ile örneklenmiş numunelerin ekstraksiyon verimliliği, tuz eklenmemiş numunelere kıyasla yaklaşık %50 düşüş göstermiştir. Otuz ve 45 gün bekletilen numunelerde ise ekstraksiyon verimliliğinde sırasıyla 3.21 ve 6.88 kat artış meydana gelmiştir. Yandıktan sonra 2, 4 ve 6 saat bekletilen halı numunelerinde tuz çözeltisinin ekstraksiyon verimini 4 kata kadar arttırdığı, 30 ve 45 gün bekletilen örneklerde ise etkilemediği görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Tutuşabilir bir sıvı olan ve kasıtlı yangınlarda sıklıkla kullanılan benzinin kalıntı analizinde tuz çözeltisi kullanmanın ekstraksiyon verimliliği üzerine etkisi ilk kez bu çalışmada incelenmiş ve iyileştirici ektileri saptanmıştır. Her yanma ve her yangın olay yeri kendine has özellikler barındırdığından, bu tür kontrollü deneysel araştırmaların farklı içeriğe sahip (pamuk, Akrilamid vb.) matrislerde, farklı sürelerde uygulanarak çeşitlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Tutuşabilir sıvı, yangın, katı faz mikroekstraksiyon, tuz, sodyum klorür, benzin

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı

Project Number

TR10/18/YMP/0057

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