Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2148-4996 Aydin Adnan Menderes University 10.30803/adusobed.1810413 Translation and Interpretation Studies Translation Studies Çeviri ve Yorum Çalışmaları Çeviribilim Sözlü ve Yazılı Çeviri Araştırmalarında Çalışma Belleği Working Memory in Interpreting and Translation Research https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9146-3964 Güneş Uçar Nur BAŞKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN-EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ 12 29 2025 12 2 124 142 10 25 2025 12 03 2025 Copyright © 2014, Adnan Menderes University Journal of Social Sciences Institute 2014 Adnan Menderes University Journal of Social Sciences Institute

Bu çalışma, çalışma belleği ve sözlü çeviri üzerine yapılan çalışmaları, çalışma belleği ve yazılı çeviri üzerine yapılanlarla ana perspektifleri ve odakları açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Öncelikle, çalışma, literatürde çalışma belleği ve sözlü çeviri üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sayısının çalışma belleği ve yazılı çeviri üzerine yapılanlardan daha fazla olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Ancak, geçtiğimiz yıllarda yazılı çeviri çalışmalarında çalışma belleğine ilginin arttığını gözlemlemek mümkündür (Li, 2020; Wang, 2021; Naranjo Ruiz & Giraldo Ospina, 2023). Aynı zamanda, bu derleme makalesi, çalışmalarda kullanılan araçları karşılaştırmalı analiz yaparak derinlemesine incelemektedir. Bu noktada, sözlü çeviri araştırmalarında yaygın biçimde kullanılan araçların yazılı çeviri çalışmalarına uygulanabilirliği araştırılmaktadır. Veriler iki veri tabanından (Google Scholar ve John Benjamin E-Platform) toplanmıştır ve 24 çalışma (sözlü çeviri için 19 ve yazılı çeviri için 5 olmak üzere) dahil edilerek analizi yapılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, çalışma, karşılaştırmalı düzlemde özellikle olası farklılıklara ve ortak noktalara odaklanarak, çalışma belleğinin sözlü ve yazılı çeviri araştırmalarında hangi perspektiflerden incelendiğini ve bu çalışmalarda çalışma belleği kapasitelerinin ölçümü için hangi araçların kullanıldığını araştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları yazılı çeviri araştırmalarında çalışma belleğinin ölçümü için farklı araştırma araçlarının uygulanabilirliğini destekleyebilir. Aynı zamanda, çeşitli perspektif ve araştırma araçlarının kombinasyonuyla gerçekleştirilecek sonraki çalışmalar için değerli öngörüler sağlamaktadır.

This study aims at comparing the studies on working memory and interpreting with the ones on working memory and translation in terms of their main perspectives and focus. Primarily, the study posits that the number of studies on working memory and interpreting is higher than those on working memory and translation in literature. Still, it is possible to observe a growing attention directed to working memory in translation research during the last years (Li, 2020; Wang, 2021; Naranjo Ruiz & Giraldo Ospina, 2023). Also, this review article delves into the tools used in the studies by providing comparative analysis. At this point, the applicability of the tools widely used in interpreting research to translation research is investigated. The data was collected from two databases (Google Scholar and John Benjamin E-Platform) and accordingly, 24 studies (19 in interpreting research and 5 in translation research) were included and analyzed. Thus, the study examines from what perspectives working memory was investigated in interpreting and translation research and what tools were used to measure working memory capacities in these studies with a specific focus on potential differences and common grounds on a comparative basis. The results of this research can reinforce the applicability of different research tools for the measurement of working memory in translation research. They also provide valuable insights into further studies to be conducted with the combination of a variety of perspectives and research tools.

 cognitive translation studies interpreting research tools translation working memory bilişsel çeviri çalışmaları sözlü çeviri araştırma araçları yazılı çeviri çalışma belleği Anderson, J. R., Reder, L. M. & Lebiere, C. (1996). Working memory: activation limitations on retrieval. Cognitive Psychology, 30, 221-256. Antonova Ünlü, E. & Sağın Şimşek, Ç. (2018). Testing the impact of formal interpreting training on working memory capacity: Evidence from Turkish–English students–interpreters. Lingua, 209, 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2018.04.003 Baddeley, A. & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 8, 47-89. Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working memory, thought, and action. Oxford University Press. Bajo, M. T., Padilla, F., & Padilla, P. (2000). Comprehension processes in simultaneous interpreting. In A. Chesterman, N. G. San Salvador, & Y. Gambier (Eds.), Translation in context (pp. 127–142). John Benjamins. Chmiel, A. (2018). In search of the working memory advantage in conference interpreting – Training, experience and task effects. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(3), 371–384. Christoffels, I. K., de Groot, A. M. B. & Kroll, J. F. (2006). Memory and language skills in simultaneous interpreters: the role of expertise and language proficiency. Journal of Memory and Language, 54, 324–345. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2005.12.004 Christoffels, I. K., de Groot, A. M. B. & Waldorp, L. J. (2003). Basic skills in a complex task: a graphical model relating memory and lexical retrieval to simultaneous interpreting. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 6, 201–211. doi: 10.1017/S1366728903001135 Cowan, N. (1988). Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selective attention, and their mutual constraints within the human information processing system. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 163-191. doi: 10.1037/0033- 2909.104.2.163 Cowan, N. (1999). An embedded-processes model of working memory. In A. Miyake and P. Shah (Eds.), Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control (pp. 62-101). Cambridge University Press. Crowder, R. G. (1982). The demise of short-term memory. Acta Psychologica, 50(3), 291-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(82)90044-0 Daneman, M. & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 450–466. Daneman, M. & Tardif, T. (1987). Working memory and reading skill reexamined. In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention and Performance XII: The Psychology of Reading. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Dong, Y., Liu, Y. & Cai, R. (2018). How does consecutive interpreting training Influence working memory: A longitudinal study of potential Links between the Two? Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 875. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00875 Engle, R. W., Cantor, J. & Carullo, J. J. (1992). Individual differences in working memory and comprehension; a test of four hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 972-992. Ghiselli, S. (2020). Interpreting expertise and mind: working memory and selective attention in conference interpreter training. In M. Matesic & A. Memisevic (Eds.), Language and Mind – Proceedings from the 32nd International Conference of the Croatian Applied Linguistics Society (pp. 123-139). Peter Lang. Ghiselli, S. (2022). Working memory tasks in interpreting studies - A meta-analysis. TRANSLATION, COGNITION & BEHAVIOR, 5, 50-83. Hiltunen, S., Pääkkönen, R., Vik, G.V. & Krause, C.M. (2016). On interpreters’ working memory and executive control. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(3), 297-314. Injoque-Ricle, I., Barreyro, J. P., Formoso, J. & Jaichenco, V. I. (2015). Expertise, working memory and articulatory suppression effect: their relation with simultaneous interpreting performance. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 11(2), 56-63. Keiser, W. (1965). Admission dans les Ecoles d’interprétation [Paper presentation]. The AIIC Actas del Colloque Sur L’enseignement de L’interprétation de l’AIIC, Paris. Köpke, B., & Nespoulous, J. L. (2006). Working memory performance in expert and novice interpreters. Interpreting, 8, 1–23. doi: 10.1075/intp.8.1.02kop Kyllonen, P. C. & Christal, R. E. (1990). Reasoning ability is (little more than) working memory capacity?!. Intelligence, 14, 389-433. Li, J. (2020). The impact of verbal working memory on written translation: empirical evidence and an initial model. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series: Themes in Translation Studies, 19, 237–262. Liu, M., Schallert, D. L. & Carroll, P. J. (2004). Working memory and expertise in simultaneous interpreting. Interpreting, 6, 19–42. DOI : 10.1075/intp.6.1.04liu Macnamara, B. N. & Conway, A. R. A. (2016). Working memory capacity as a predictor of simultaneous language interpreting performance. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 5, 434–444. Mellinger, C. D., & Hanson, T.A. (2019). Meta-Analyses of Simultaneous Interpreting and Working Memory. Interpreting, 21 (2), 165–95. https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.00026.mel Mizuno, A. (2005). Process model for simultaneous interpreting and working memory. Méta, 50, 739–752. DOI : 10.7202/011015ar Morales, J., Padilla, F., Gómez-Ariza, C. J. & Bajo, M. T. (2015). Simultaneous interpretation selectively influences working memory and attentional networks. Acta Psychologica, 155, 82–91. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.12.004 Naranjo Ruiz, M., & Giraldo Ospina, D. L. (2023). Units of Translation and the Limited Capacity of Working Memory. In Translatology, Translation and Interpretation – Toward a New Scientific Endeavor (pp. 1–18). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001996 Oberauer, K., Lewandowsky, S., Awh, E., Brown, G. D. A., Conway, A. & Cowan, N., (2018). Benchmarks for models of short-term and working memory. Psychological Bulletin, 144, 885–958. Padilla, F., Bajo, M. T. & Macizo, P. (2005). Articulatory suppression in language interpretation: Working memory capacity, dual tasking and word knowledge. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 8(3), 207-219. Padilla, P., Bajo, M. T., Canas, J. J., & Padilla, F. (1995). Cognitive processes of memory in simultaneous interpretation. In J. Tommola (Ed.), Topics in Interpreting Research. 61–72. Reynolds, C. R. & Bigler, E. D. (1995). Test di memoria e apprendimento: test TEMA. Erickson. Rothe-Neves, R. (2003). The influence of working memory features on some formal aspects of translation performance. In F. Alves (Ed), Triangulating Translation: Perspectives in process-oriented research (pp. 97-119). John Benjamins Publishing. Saldanha, G., & O'Brien, S. (2013). Research Methodologies in Translation Studies. Routledge. Shah, P. & Miyake, A. (1996). The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: an individual differences approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125(1), 4-27. Signorelli, T. M., Haarmann, H. J., & Obler, L. K. (2012). Working memory in simultaneous interpreters: Effects of task and age. International Journal of Bilingualism, 16, 198–212. doi: 10.1177/1367006911403200 Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of Interference in Serial Verbal Reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643–62. Surprenant, A. M. & Neath, I. (2008). The 9 lives of short-term memory. In A. Thorn and M. Page (Eds.), Interactions Between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in the Verbal Domain. Psychology Press. Timarova, Š, ˇCenkova, I., Meylaerts, R., Hertog, E., Szmalec, A., & Duyck, W. (2014). Simultaneous interpreting and working memory executive control. Interpreting, 16, 139–168. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.008 Timarova, Š., Čeňkova, I., & Meylaerts, R. (2015). Simultaneous interpreting and working memory capacity. In A. Ferreira, & J. W. Schwieter (Eds.), Psycholinguistic and cognitive inquiries into translation and interpreting (pp. 101–126). Benjamins. Tokowicz, N., Michael, E. B. & Kroll, J. F. (2004). The roles of study-abroad experience and working-memory capacity in the types of errors made during translation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7, 255-272 doi:10.1017/S1366728904001634 Tzou, Y. Z., Eslami, Z. R., Chen, H. C., & Vaid, J. (2012). Effect of language proficiency and degree of formal training in simultaneous interpreting on working memory and interpreting performance: evidence from Mandarin–English speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 16, 213–227. doi: 10.1177/1367006911403197 Wang, F. (2021). Impact of translation difficulty and working memory capacity on processing of translation units: evidence from Chinese-to-English translation. Perspectives. DOI: 10.1080/0907676X.2021.1920989 Weaver, B., Bédard, M. & McAuliffe, J. (2013). Evaluation of a 10-Minute Version of the Attention Network Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 27(8), 1281–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2013.851741. Wen, H., & Dong, Y. (2019). How does interpreting experience enhance working memory and short-term memory: A meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 31(8), 769–784. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2019.1674857 Zhao, N., Cai, Z.G. & Dong, Y. (2023). Speech errors in consecutive interpreting: Effects of language proficiency, working memory, and anxiety. PLoS ONE, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292718