Öjenolün Alkol ile Muamele Edilen Sıçan Karaciğeri Üzerindeki Histopatolojik ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 83 - 99, 25.06.2020

Hasan Yıldız , Eaylettin Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.37094/adyujsci.729426

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Yüksek antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olan Öjenol maddesinin tek başına ve bir oksidatif stres etkeni olan etil alkol ile beraber tüketilmesi sonucu karaciğer hasarlanması ve oksidatif stres düzeyindeki etkileri histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmada, 300-390 g ağırlığında 40 adet Wistar albino dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar rastgele 10’arlı 4 gruba ayrıldı ve standart pellet tipi yem ile ad libitum olarak beslendi. 1. Grup (Kontrol grubu), diğer gruplar ile aynı stresi oluşturmak amacı ile 3 ml Serum fizyolojik (Sf)/gün gavaj ile 2. Grup (Etil alkol grubu), %40’lık Etil alkol 3 ml/gün gavaj ile 3. Grup (Öjenol Grubu), 50 mg/kg/gün gavaj ile, 4. Grup (Etik alkol + Öjenol grubu), %40’lık Etil alkol 3 ml/gün gavaj + 50 mg/kg/gün gavaj ile öjenol 3 ml/gün gavaj yoluyla olacak şekilde 30 gün boyunca verildi. Çalışma sonunda sıçanlardan alınan kan ve karaciğer dokusunda biyokimyasal analizler ve histolojik preparatlar hazırlandı. Öjenol, etil alkol ile beraber tüketildiğinde karaciğer üzerinde etanolün oluşturduğu hepatotoksisiteyi azalttığı tespit edildi. Öjenol grubu sıçanlarda alkol grubu sıçanlara kıyasla AST, ALT, ALP, LDH ve TRİG seviyelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p<0.05). Ancak BİLD, BİLT, CHOL, AFP ve CEA125 seviyelerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı (p<0.05). Tek başına Öjenol kullanımı TAS değerini arttırırken TOS değerlerini azalttığı belirlendi. Elde ettiğimiz biyokimyasal verilere göre, öjenolün, oksidan-antioksidan dengesini oksidanlar lehine değiştirerek etanol uygulaması sonucunda oluşan hepatotoksisiteyi azalttığını söylemek mümkündür. Karaciğerin histopatolojik incelemesinden elde edilen sonuçlar, biyokimyasal verileri destekler nitelikte olup Öjenolün, etanol ile beraber tüketildiğinde karaciğer üzerinde hepatotoksik etkileri azalttığı görüldü

Keywords

Karaciğer, Öjenol, Etanol, Hepatotoksisite, Antioksidan, Oksidatif stres

Supporting Institution

Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (HMKÜ-BAP)

Project Number

18.D.008

Thanks

Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (HMKÜ-BAP)

Histopathological and Biochemical Effects of Eugenol on Alcohol-Treated Rat Liver

Abstract

    The effects of eugenol, which has a high antioxidant capacity, alone and together with ethyl alcohol, an oxidative stress factor, were evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. In this study, 40 Wistar albino female rats weighing 300-390 g were used. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 and fed with standard pellet type feed as ad libitum. Group 1 (Control group) with 3 ml Serum physiological (Sf)/day via gavage to create the same stress as other groups, Group 2 (Ethyl alcohol group), 40% Ethyl alcohol with 3 ml/day via gavage, Group 3 (Eugenol Group) with 50 mg/kg/day via gavage, Group 4 (Ethical alcohol + Eugenol group) was given for 30 days as 40% Ethyl alcohol 3 ml/day via gavage + 50 mg/kg/day via gavage eugenol 3 ml/day via gavage. At the end of the study, biochemical analyzes and histological preparations were made in blood and liver tissue from rats. When eugenol is consumed together with ethyl alcohol, it was found that ethanol reduces hepatotoxicity on the liver. A statistically significant difference was found in AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and TRIG levels in the eugenol rats compared to the alcohol group rats (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the groups at BILD, BILT, CHOL, AFP and CEA125 levels (p < 0.05). The use of eugenol alone increased the value of TAS. It was determined that the use of eugenol alone decreased the TOS values while increasing the TAS value. According to the biochemical data we obtained, it is possible to say that eugenol reduces the hepatotoxicity formed as a result of ethanol application by changing the oxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of oxidants. The results obtained from histopathological examination of the liver support biochemical data and eugenol have been shown to reduce hepatotoxic effects on the liver when consumed with ethanol.

Keywords

Liver, Eugenol, Ethanol, Hepatotoxicity, Antioxidant, Oxidative stress

Project Number

18.D.008

References

• [1] Pandanaboina, S.C., Kondeti, S.R., Rajbanshi, S.L., Kunala, P.N., Pandanaboina, S., Pandanaboina, M.M., Wudayagiri, R., Alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative damage in alcoholic rat tissues: protective role of Thespesia populnea, Food Chem, 132(1), 150-159, 2012.
• [2] Gencer, M., Ceylan, E., Aksoy, N., Uzun, K., Oksidatif stres benign ve malign akciğer hastalıklarının ayırıcı tanısında belirteç olabilir mi?, Turkiye Klinikleri Archives of Lung, 6(3), 89-92, 2005.
• [3] Guyton, A.C., Hall, J.E., Tıbbi Fizyoloji, Nobel Tıp Kitapevi, 12. Baskı, İstanbul. 937-942, 2013.
• [4] Ghany M, H.J., Approach to the patient with liver disease, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Fauci AS (ed). 17th Edition, 1918-1923, 2008.
• [5] El-Newary, S.A., Shaffie, N.M., ve Omer, E. A., The protection of Thymus vulgaris leaves alcoholic extract against hepatotoxicity of alcohol in rats, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10(4), 361-371, 2017.
• [6] Li, S., Tan, H.-Y., Wang, N., Zhang, Z.-J., Lao, L., Wong, C.-W., Feng, Y., The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases, Int J Mol Sci, 16(11), 26087-26124, 2015.
• [7] NCBI., https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3314, Date of access: Mar. 29, 2018.
• [8] TOXNET, T.D.N., Eugenol [USP], Date of access: 15.03.2018, from National Library of Medicine, 2018.
• [9] Kamatou, G.P., Vermaak, I., Viljoen, A.M., Eugenol—from the remote maluku islands to the international market place: A review of a remarkable and versatile molecule, Molecules, 17(6), 6953, 2012.
• [10] Tripathi, A.K., Mishra, S., Plant Monoterpenoids (Prospective Pesticides) Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security, Chapter 16, 507-524, San Diego: Academic Press, 2016.
• [11] Bennett, A., Stamford, I.F., Tavares, I.A., Jacobs, S., Capasso, F., Mascolo, N., Carlo, G. D., The biological activity of eugenol, a major constituent of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans): Studies on prostaglandins, the intestine and other tissues, Phytotherapy Research, 2(3), 124-130,1988.
• [12] Johnson, C.B., Kirby, J., Naxakis, G., Pearson, S., Substantial UV-B-mediated induction of essential oils in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), Phytochemistry, 51(4), 507-510, 1999.
• [13] Dighe, V., Gursale, A., Sane, R., Menon, S., Raje, S., Quantification of eugenol in Cinnamomum tamala nees and eberm. Leaf powder by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, JPC - Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC 18(104), 305-307, 2005.
• [14] Ueda-Nakamura, T., Mendonça-Filho, R.R., Morgado-Díaz, J.A., Korehisa Maza, P., Prado Dias Filho, B., Aparício Garcia Cortez, D., Nakamura, C. V., Antileishmanial activity of Eugenol-rich essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum, Parasitology International, 55(2), 99-105, 2006.
• [15] Lopes-Lutz, D., Alviano, D.S., Alviano, C.S., Kolodziejczyk, P.P., Screening of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Artemisia essential oils, Phytochemistry, 69(8), 1732-1738, 2008.
• [16] Howes, M.J., Kite, G.C., Simmonds, M.S., Distinguishing chinese star anise from Japanese star anise using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J Agric Food Chem, 57(13), 5783-5789, 2009.
• [17] Pragadheesh, V., Yadav, A., Singh, S., Gupta, N., Chanotiya, C., Leaf Essential Oil of Cultivated Pimenta Racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore from North India: Distribution of Phenylpropanoids and Chiral Terpenoids, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 2(1), 2-4, 2013.
• [18] Jaganathan, S.K., Supriyanto, E., Antiproliferative and molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, Molecules, 17(6), 6290-6304, 2012.
• [19] Guimarães, A.C., Meireles, L.M., Lemos, M.F., Guimarães, M.C.C., Endringer, D.C., Fronza, M., Scherer, R., Antibacterial activity of terpenes and terpenoids present in essential oils, Molecules, 24(13), 2471, 2019.
• [20] Li, Z., Veeraraghavan, V.P., Mohan, S.K., Bolla, S.R., Lakshmanan, H., Kumaran, S., Chinnathambi, A., Apoptotic induction and anti-metastatic activity of eugenol encapsulated chitosan nanopolymer on rat glioma C6 cells via alleviating the MMP signaling pathway, J Photochem Photobiol B, 203, 2020.
• [21] Qian, W., Sun, Z., Wang, T., Yang, M., Liu, M., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Antimicrobial activity of eugenol against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and its effect on biofilms, Microbial Pathogenesis, 139, 103924, 2020.
• [22] Matan, N., Rimkeeree, H., Mawson, A.J., Chompreeda, P., Haruthaithanasan, V., Parker, M., Antimicrobial activity of cinnamon and clove oils under modified atmosphere conditions, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 107(2), 180-185, 2006.
• [23] EWG, http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/search.php?query=eugenol&h=Search#.Wr36zeZrOIV, Date of Access: 10.02.2018, from Environmet Working Group.
• [24] Yan, S.L., Wang, Z.H., Yen, H.F., Lee, Y.J., Yin, M.C., Reversal of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by cinnamic and syringic acids in mice, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 98(B), 119-126, 2016.
• [25] Mnafgui, K., Hajji R., Derbali, F., Gammoudi, A., Khabbabi, G., Ellefi, H., Allouche, N., Kadri, A., Gharsallah, N., Anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and cardiac remodeling preventive effects of eugenol in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in wistar rat, Cardiovascular Toxicology, 16(4), 336–344, 2016.
• [26] Erel, O., A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation, Clinical Biochemistry, 37(4), 277-285, 2004.
• [27] Erel, O., A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status, Clin Biochem, 38(12), 1103-1111, 2005.
• [28] Larue-Achagiotis, C., Poussard, A.M., Louis-Sylvestre, J., Alcohol drinking, food and fluid intakes and body weight gain in rats, Physiol Behav, 47(3), 545-548, 1990.
• [29] Bertola, A., Mathews, S., Ki, S.H., Wang, H., Gao, B., Mouse model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding (the NIAAA model), Nature protocols, 8(3), 627-637, 2013.
• [30] Elanchezhian, T., Y., Mayilsamy, S., Radhakrishnan, S., Comparison of haematological parameters between alcoholics and non-alcoholics, Int J Res Med Sci 5(11), 5041-5407, 2017.
• [31] Kawashima, Y., Someya, Y., Shirato, K., Sato, S., Ideno, H., Kobayashi, K., Imaizumi, K., Single administration effects of ethanol on the distribution of white blood cells in rats, J Toxicol Sci, 36(3), 347-355, 2011.
• [32] Sonila, B., Klodeta, M., Andrin, T., Irida, P., Changes of some blood count variables in correlation with the time of alcohol abuse, Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 6(2), 221, 2015.
• [33] Zhang, M.Q., Ren, X., Zhao, Q., Yue, S.-J., Fu, X.-M., Li, X., Wang, C.-Y., Hepatoprotective effects of total phenylethanoid glycosides from Acanthus ilicifolius L. against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (256), 112795, 2020.
• [34] Gao, B., Bataller, R., Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets, Gastroenterology, 141(5), 1572-1585, 2011.
• [35] Chattopadhyay, R.R., Possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract: part II, J Ethnopharmacol, 89(2-3), 217-219, 2003.
• [36] Barboza, J.N., da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho, C., Silva, R.O., Medeiros, J.V.R., de Sousa, D.P., An overview on the anti-inflammatory potential and antioxidant profile of eugenol, Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 3957262, 2018.
• [37] Guenette, S.A., Ross, A., Marier, J.F., Beaudry, F., Vachon, P., Pharmacokinetics of eugenol and its effects on thermal hypersensitivity in rats, Eur J Pharmacol, 562(1-2), 60-67, 2007.
• [38] Ballard, H.S., The hematological complications of alcoholism, Alcohol Health Res World, 21(1), 42-52, 1997.
• [39] Xiao, W., Study on the joint effects of acrylonitrile and alcohol in rats, Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 27(5), 295-296 1998.
• [40] Yalçın, M., Yağcı, A., Alterations in some blood parameters after high level ethanol intake, Uludag Univ. J. Fac. Vet. Med., 24( 1-2-3-4), 47-52, 2005.
• [41] Gülçin, İ., Elmastaş, M., Aboul-Enein, H.Y., Antioxidant activity of clove oil – A powerful antioxidant source, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 5(4), 489-499, 2012.
• [42] Anbu, S., Anuradha, C.V., Protective effect of eugenol against alcohol-induced biochemical changes in rats, International Journal of Research in Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2(2), 13-18, 2012.
• [43] Dudonne, S., Vitrac, X., Coutiere, P., Woillez, M., Merillon, J.M., Comparative study of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of 30 plant extracts of industrial interest using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOD, and ORAC assays, J Agric Food Chem, 57(5), 1768-1774, 2009.
• [44] Yogalakshmi, B., Viswanathan, P., Anuradha, C.V., Investigation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and DNA-protective properties of eugenol in thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats, Toxicology, 268(3), 204-212, 2010.
• [45] Binu, P.P., Priya, N.M., Abhilash, S.P., Vineetha, R.C.P., Nair, H.P., Protective effects of eugenol against hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic trioxide: An antileukemic drug, Iranian journal of medical sciences, 43(3), 305-312, 2018.
• [46] Thuwaini, M., Abdul Mounther, M., Kadhem, H., Hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats, EJPMR, 3(8), 36-42, 2016.
• [47] Muller, L.G., Pase, C.S., Reckziegel, P., Barcelos, R.C., Boufleur, N., Prado, A.C., Burger, M.E., Hepatoprotective effects of pecan nut shells on ethanol-induced liver damage, exptoxicol pathol, 65(1-2), 165-171, 2013.
• [48] Nyblom, H., Berggren, U., Balldin, J., Olsson, R., High AST/ALT ratio may indicate advanced alcoholic liver disease rather than heavy drinking, Alcohol, 39(4), 336-339, 2004.
• [49] Abd El Motteleb, D.M., Selim, S.A., Mohamed, A.M., Differential effects of eugenol against hepatic inflammation and overall damage induced by ischemia/re-perfusion injury, J Immunotoxicol, 11(3), 238-245, 2014.
• [50] Basarslan, S.K., Osun, A., Senol, S., Korkmaz, M., Ozkan, U., Kaplan, I., Protective effects of intralipid and caffeic acid phenyl esther (CAPE) on neurotoxicity induced by ethanol in rats, Turk Neurosurg, 27(1), 66-73, 2017.