<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ahi evran med j</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Ahi Evran Medical Journal</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2619-9203</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Kirsehir Ahi Evran University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46332/aemj.1673098</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Clinical Sciences (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Passiflora Incarnata&#039;nın Antikanser ve Antimikrobiyal Özellikleri</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties of Passiflora Incarnata</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8130-7968</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Öztürk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ayşegül</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-626X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aslan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Rukiye</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SIVAS CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260429">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>10</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>98</fpage>
                                        <lpage>107</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250409">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260119">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>19</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, Ahi Evran Medical Journal</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Ahi Evran Medical Journal</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Passiflora incarnata, flavonoid ve fenolik içeriğine bağlı olarak terapötik özellikleriyle bilinen önemli bir tıbbi bitkidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, P. incarnata&#039;nın sitotoksik, oksidatif stres indükleyici, apoptotik ve antimikrobiyal etkilerini araştırmaktır.Araçlar ve Yöntem: Sitotoksisite, SNU-1 mide kanseri hücrelerinde XTT testi ile değerlendirilmiş ve IC₅₀ değeri 88.95 µg/mL olarak belirlenmiştir. Oksidatif stres belirteçleri, Total Antioksidan Kapasitesi (TAC) ve Total Oksidan Seviyesi (TOS) kitleri ile ölçülmüştür. Apoptotik aktivite, BAD ve Kaspaz-3 ELISA kitleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal etkiler, üç Gramnegatif bakteri (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), iki Gram-pozitif bakteri (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 ve Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) ve bir maya (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) olmak üzere altı mikroorganizma üzerinde agar disk difüzyon yöntemi ile test edilmiştir. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Purpose: Passiflora incarnata is a notable medicinal plant recognized for its therapeutic properties, largely attributed to its flavonoid and phenolic content. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic, oxidative stress-inducing, apoptotic, and antimicrobial effects of P. incarnata.Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed using the XTT assay in SNU-1 gastric cancer cells, determining the IC₅₀ value as 88.95 μg/mL. Oxidative stress markers were evaluated via Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Total Oxidative Status (TOS) kits. Apoptotic activity was analyzed using BAD and Caspase-3 ELISA kits. Antimicrobial effects were tested against six microorganisms—three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 278538539), two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), and one yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231)—via the agar disk diffusion method. Statistical significance was defined as p</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Passiflora incarnata</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  cytotoxicity</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  oxidative damage</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  apoptosis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  antimicrobial activity.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Passiflora incarnata</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  sitotoksisite</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  oksidatif hasar</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  apoptozis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  antimikrobiyal aktivite</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1. World Health Organization. WHO Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241515368</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2. Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, et al. Interactions between medical plant-derived bioactive compounds: focus on antimicrobial combination effects. Antibiotics. 2022;11(8):1014. doi:10.3390/antibiotics1108101</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3. Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(4):564-582. doi:10.1128/CMR.12.4.564</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4. Miroddi M, Calapai G, Navarra M, Minciullo PL, Gangemi S. Passiflora incarnata L.: ethnopharmacology, clinical application, safety and evaluation of clinical trials. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;150(3):791-804. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.047</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5. Deepika B, Pallavi P, Gowtham P, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. Anticancer potential of nanoformulated extract of Passiflora incarnata leaves. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2024;57:103109. doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103109</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6. Viera W, Shinohara T, Samaniego I, et al. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Passiflora spp. germplasm grown in Ecuador. Plants. 2022;11(3):328. doi:10.3390/plants11030328</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7. Patil AS, Patil AS. Exploring Passiflora incarnata (L.): a medicinal plant’s secondary metabolites as antibacterial agent. J Med Plants Res. 2010;4(14):1496-1501. doi:10.5897/JMPR10.061</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8. Ramaiya SD, Bujang JS, Zakaria MH. Assessment of total phenolic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of Passiflora species. Sci World J. 2014;2014:167309. doi:10.1155/2014/167309</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9. Dhawan K, Dhawan S, Sharma A. Passiflora: a review update. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;94(1):1-23. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.023</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10. Yu X, Zhang Y, Luo F, Zhou Q, Zhu L. The role of microRNAs in the gastric cancer tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer. 2024;23(1):170. doi:10.1186/s12943-024-02084-x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer. 2019;144(8):1941-1953. doi:10.1002/ijc.31937</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12. Joha Z, Öztürk A, Yulak F, Karataş Ö, Ataseven H. Mechanism of anticancer effect of gambogic acid on gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Med Oncol. 2023;40(9):149. doi:10.1007/s12032-023-02149-9</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13. Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, et al. Antimicrobial resistance: a growing serious threat for global public health. Healthcare. 2023;11(13):1946. doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14. Aslam B, Wang W, Arshad MI, et al. Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:1645-1658. doi:10.2147/IDR.S173867</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15. Ricardo GA, Silvana VFG, Maria C dos SL, et al. Cytotoxic potential of 14 Passiflora species against cancer cells. J Med Plants Res. 2019;13(7):157-166. doi:10.5897/JMPR2019.6744</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16. Amaral RG, Gomes SVF, Andrade LN, et al. Cytotoxic, antitumor and toxicological profile of Passiflora alata leaf extract. Molecules. 2020;25(20):4814. doi:10.3390/molecules25204814</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17. Şahin B, Karabulut S. Sugammadex causes C6 glial cell death and exacerbates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Cumhuriyet Med J. 2022;44(1):1-6. doi:10.7197/cmj.1069629</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18. Ozturk A, Ozdemir E, Ozkaraca M, Taskiran AS, Altun A. TRPV1 channel antagonist capsazepine alleviates morphine tolerance and morphine-induced neurotoxicity by preventing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis: an in vivo and in vitro study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025;398(6):1-12. doi:10.1007/s00210-025-04384-5</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19. Ozturk A, Joha Z, Basgoz N, Taskiran AS. Investigating the antiproliferative mechanisms of NaHS, a hydrogen sulfide donor, in the SHSY5Y cell line. Med Oncol. 2025;42(7):225. doi:10.1007/s12032-025-02772-8</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20. Tastemur S, Kaleci AO, Ozturk A, Mendil AS. Astaxanthin promotes apoptosis by suppressing growth signaling pathways in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Med Oncol. 2025;42(9):426. doi:10.1007/s12032-025-02978-w</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21. Erel O. A novel automated method to measure total antioxidant response against potent free radical reactions. Clin Biochem.2004;37(2):112-119. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.10.014</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22. Ozturk A, Taskiran AS, Gundogdu E. The role of oxidative stress in the protective effect of boric acid against glutamate excitotoxicity in C6 glioma cells. J Boron. 2025;10(1):1-9. doi:10.30728/boron.1519354</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23. Alandag C, Ozturk A, Yulak F, et al. HER-2 SMASH. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2025;95(1):10. doi:10.1007/s00280-024-04726-9</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests: Approved Standard. 12th ed. CLSI; 2015. Available from: https://clsi.org/standards/products/microbiology/documents/m02/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25. Rios JL, Recio MC, Villar A. Screening methods for natural products with antimicrobial activity: a review of the literature. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988;23(2-3):127-149. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(88)90001-3</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol.1966;45(4):493-496. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5325707/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27. Simiao MJ, Barboza JS, Vianna MG, et al. A comparative study of phytoconstituents and antibacterial activity of in vitro derived materials of four Passiflora species. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2018;90(3):2805-2813. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201820170809</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28. Bhargav HS, Shastri SD, Poornav SP, Darshan KM, Nayak MM. Measurement of the zone of inhibition of an antibiotic. In: 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Advanced Computing (IACC). IEEE; 2016:409-414. doi:10.1109/IACC.2016.82</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">29. Ozarowski M, Piasecka A, Paszel-Jaworska A, et al. Comparison of bioactive compound content in leaf extracts of Passiflora incarnata, P. caerulea and P. alata and in vitro cytotoxic potential on leukemia cell lines. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2018;28(2):179-191. doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2018.01.006</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">30. Amaral RG, Gomes SVF, Andrade LN, et al. Cytotoxic, antitumor and toxicological profile of Passiflora alata leaf extract. Molecules. 2020;25(20):4814. doi:10.3390/molecules25204814</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">31. Dhawan K, Kumar S, Sharma A. Anxiolytic activity of aerial and underground parts of Passiflora incarnata. Fitoterapia. 2001;72(8):922-926. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00322-7</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">32. Kalwij JM. Review of ‘The Plant List, a working list of all plant species. J Veg Sci. 2012;23(5):998-1002. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01407.x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">33. Alam Ripa F, Nahar L, Haque M, Monirul Islam M. Antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of Passiflora edulis Sims. Eur J Sci Res. 2009;31:1-10. doi:10.5251/ABJNA.2011.2.4.713.719</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">34. Rizwana H, Al Otibi F, Al-Malki N. Chemical composition, FTIR studies and antibacterial activity of Passiflora edulis f. edulis (fruit). J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2019;13(4):2489-2498. doi:10.22207/JPAM.13.4.64</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">35. Madhumathi S, Rajendran A. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Passiflora incarnata L. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol. 2011;2(2):481-486. https://cdn.fortunejournals.com/articles/ijabpt/pdf/77071-S</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
