Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Özel Eğitimde Nitelikli Davranışsal Amaç Belirleme ve Yazmaya İlişkin İlkelerin Doküman Analizi Yoluyla Belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 631 - 650, 30.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1098622

Abstract

Özel eğitimde eğitsel faaliyetlerin nihai amacı, özel gereksinimli öğrencinin ve etkileşimde bulunduğu bireylerin yaşantılarını olumlu yönde etkileyecek sosyal açıdan önemli ve öğrenci için işlevsel olan davranışları öğretmektir. Bu çalışma, ulusal ve uluslararası alanyazında yer alan özel eğitimde öğretimsel amaç geliştirme ve yazma konusuna odaklanan dokümanları gözden geçirerek nitelikli öğretimsel amaç geliştirmeye ilişkin ilkeleri belirlemeyi ve örnekleri ile açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, nitelikli öğrenme faaliyetleri için yüksek kaliteli öğretimsel amaçlar belirleme ve yazmanın önemini tartışılmış ve özel gereksinimli çocuklara öğretim yapan öğretmenlerin yüksek kaliteli öğretimsel amaçlar geliştirmelerine rehberlik etmek amacıyla belirlenmiş ilkeler ayrıntılı bir şekilde örnekleriyle ele alınmış ve açıklanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, nitelikli öğretimsel amaçlar belirleme ve yazma ilkeleri öğretimsel amaçta belirtilen davranış ifadesinin uygunluğu, kullanılan araç-gereç, etkinlik ve becerilerin gelişimsel uygunluğu, öğretimsel amaçta belirtilen davranışın işlevselliği, öğretimsel amaçta belirtilen davranışın genellenebilirliği ve öğretimsel amaçta belirtilen davranışın ölçülebilirliği olmak üzere beş tema altında ele alınmıştır. Herbir ilke, bu başlıklar altında ayrı ayrı örnekleriyle açıklanmıştır. Yüksek kaliteli öğretimsel amaç yazmanın gerekliliği alanyazında yapılan araştırmaların sonuçlarıyla yorumlanmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Supporting Institution

TUBİTAK

Project Number

115K427

References

  • *Alberto, P., Troutman, A. C., Axe, J. (2022). Preparing behavioral objectives. In P. Alberto and Troutman, Applied behavior analysis for teachers (10th ed.). Pearson.
  • *American Institute for Research Progress Center. (2021). The what and why of measurable annual goals. Retrieved from https://promotingprogress.org/training/what-why-measurable-annual-goals
  • *Bailey, T. R., and Weingarten, Z. (2019). Strategies for setting high-quality academic individualized education program goals. Office of Special Education Programs, U.S. Department of Education. https://intensiveintervention.org/ resource/high-quality-academic-IEP-goals
  • *Bateman, B. D., and Herr, C. M. (2019). Writing measurable IEP goals and objectives. Attainment Company Inc.
  • Boavida, T., Aguiar, C., McWilliam, R. A. and Pimentel, J. S. (2010). Quality of individualized education program goals of preschoolers with disabilities. Infants and Young Children, 23(3), 233-243. https://doi:10.1097/IYC.0b013e3181e45925
  • *Brown, L., Branston, M , Hamre-Nietupski, S., Pumpian, I., Certo, N., and Gruenewald, L. (1979). A strategy for developing chronological age appropriate and functional curricular content for severely handicapped adolescents and young adults. Journal of Special Education, 13, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246697901300113
  • *Burton, N. (2017). Creating effective IEPs: A guide to developing, writing, and implementing plans for teachers. SAGE Publications.
  • *Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E. and Heward, W. L. (2020). Selecting, defining, and measuring behavior. In O. J. Cooper, T.E. Heron and W. L. Heward, Applied behavior analysis. Pearson UK.
  • *Ecta Center. (2020). Developing high-quality, functional IFSP outcomes and IEP goals training package. Retrieved from https://ectacenter.org/knowledgepath/ifspoutcomes-iepgoals/ifspoutcomes-iepgoals.asp
  • *Giangreco, M. F., Dennis, R. E., Edelman, S. W., and Cloninger, C. J. (1994). Dressing your IEPs for the general education climate analysis of IEP goals and objectives for students with multiple disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 15(5), 288-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259401500504
  • *Grisham-Brown, J., and Hemmeter, M. L. (1998). Writing IEP goals and objectives: Reflecting an activity-based approach to instruction for young children with disabilities. Young Exceptional Children, 1(3), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/109625069800100301
  • *Goodman, J. F., and Bond, L. (1993). The individualized education program: A retrospective critique. The Journal of Special Education, 26(4), 408-422. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699302600405
  • Hawkins, R. P. and Dobes, R. W. (1977). Behavioural definitions in applied behavior analysis: Explicit or implicit? In B. C. Etzel, J. M. LeBlanc, and D. M. Baer (Eds.), New developments in behavioral research: theory, methods, and applications in (pp. 1-22). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Routledge.
  • *Hedin, L., and DeSpain, S. (2018). SMART or not? Writing specific, measurable IEP goals. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 51(2), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059918802587
  • *Hunt, P., Goetz, L., and Anderson, J. (1986). The quality of IEP objectives associated with placement on integrated versus segregated school sites. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 11(2), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/154079698601100206
  • *Jung, L. A. (2007). Writing SMART objectives and strategies that fit the ROUTINE. Teaching Exceptional Children, 39(4), 54-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005990703900406
  • *Kahng, S., Ingvarsson, E. T., Quigg, A. M., Seckinger, K. E., and Teichman, H. M. (2011). Defining and measuring behavior. In W. W. Fisher, C. C. Piazza, and H. S. Roane (Eds.), Handbook of applied behavior analysis (pp. 113–131). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • *Leach, D. (2010). Goal setting. In D. Leach, Bringing ABA into your inclusive classroom: A guide to improving outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorders. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing Company.
  • *Lignugaris/Kraft, B., Marchand-Martella, N., and Martella, R. C. (2001). Writing better goals and short-term objectives or benchmarks. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34(1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005990103400107
  • Maag, J. W. (2018). Behavior management: From theoretical implications to practical applications. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
  • *McLaughlin, T. W., Snyder, P. A., and Algina, J. (2017). Using generalizability theory to examine the dependability of scores from the Learning Target Rating Scale. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 37(3), 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121416669924
  • *McWilliam, R. A. (2009). Goal Functionality Scale III. Chattanooga, TN: Siskin Children’s Institute.
  • *More, C. M., and Hart Barnett, J. E. (2014). Developing individualized IEP goals in the age of technology: Quality challenges and solutions. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 58(2), 103-109.https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2013.782533
  • Morris, R. J. (1985). Behavior modification with exceptional children: Principles and practices. London: Scott, Foresman and Company.
  • *Notari, A. R. (1988). The utility of a criterion-referenced instrument in the development of individualized education plan goals for infants and young children. Dissertation Abstracts International, 49(07), 1767A (University Microfilms No. AAT88-14193)
  • *Notari-Syverson, A. R., and Shuster, S. L. (1995). Putting real-life skills into IEP/IFSPs for infants and young children. Teaching Exceptional Children, 27(2), 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005999502700207
  • *Odluyurt, S. (2021). Hedef davranış belirleme. Düzkantar, A. (Ed.), Uygulamalı davranış analizi (s. 18-41) içinde. Nobel Akademik.
  • Özyürek, M. (2010). Bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim programını geliştirme ve temelleri (5. Basım). Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
  • *Pierangelo, R., and Giuliani, G. (2007). Understanding, developing, and writing effective IEPs: A step-by-step guide for educators. Corwin Press.
  • Rakap, S. (2015). Quality of individualized education program goals and objectives for preschool children with disabilities. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 30(2), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.986909
  • *Rakap, S. (2017a). Hedef davranış tanımlama ve davranışsal amaç yazma. D. Erbas and S. Yucesoy-Ozkan (Eds.), Uygulamalı davranış analizi içinde (ss. 37-75). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Rakap, S. (2017b). Okul öncesi dönemde kaynaştırma eğitimi uygulamalarının desteklenmesinde doğal öğretim yaklaşımları. Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 18(3), 471-492. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.319665
  • Rakap, S., Kalkan, S., & Balıkcı, Ş. (2020). Erken müdahale ve erken çocuklukta özel eğitim alanında Tavsiye Edilen Uygulamalara (TEdU) ilişkin Türk paydaşların bakış açılarının incelenmesi. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 665-681. https://doi.org/10.24130/eccd-jecs.1967202043263
  • Rakap, S., Yücesoy Özkan, S. and Kalkan, S. (2019). How complete are individualized education programmes developed for students with disabilities served in inclusive classroom settings? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 34(5), 663-677. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2019.1580840
  • *Ruble, L. A., McGrew, J., Dalrymple, N., and Jung, L. A. (2010). Examining the quality of IEPs for young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(12), 1459-1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1003-1
  • Shea, T. M. and A. M. Bauer. (2012). Behavior management: A practical approach for educators (10th ed). Boston: Pearson.
  • *Şirin, N. (2014). Hedef davranış belirleme ve tanımlama. Tekin İftar, E. (Ed.), Uygulamalı davranış analizi içinde (s. 41-98). Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık.
  • *The IRIS Center. (2019). IEPs: Developing high-quality individualized education programs. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/iep01/
  • *Thornton, S. (2005). Evaluating IEP goals: the importance of writing high quality goals for monitoring student progress (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Riverside).
  • *Twachtman-Cullen, D., and Twachtman-Bassett, J. (2011). The IEP from A to Z: How to create meaningful and measurable goals and objectives. John Wiley and Sons.
  • *Tymitz-Wolf, B. (1982). Guidelines for assessing IEP goals and objectives. Teaching Exceptional Children, 14(5), 198-201.
  • *Vuran, S. ve Ünlü, E. (2017). Hedef davranışların belirlenmesi. Vuran, S. (Ed.), Uygulamalı davranış analizi (s.33-55) içinde. Eğiten Kitap.
  • *Webber, J. and Scheuermann, B. (2008). Curriculum development. In J. Webber and B. Scheuermann, Educating students with autism: A quick start manual. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
  • *Winterman, K. G., and Rosas, C. E. (2014). The IEP checklist: Your guide to creating meaningful and compliant IEPs. Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11 baskı). Seçkin Y.
Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 631 - 650, 30.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1098622

Abstract

Project Number

115K427

References

  • *Alberto, P., Troutman, A. C., Axe, J. (2022). Preparing behavioral objectives. In P. Alberto and Troutman, Applied behavior analysis for teachers (10th ed.). Pearson.
  • *American Institute for Research Progress Center. (2021). The what and why of measurable annual goals. Retrieved from https://promotingprogress.org/training/what-why-measurable-annual-goals
  • *Bailey, T. R., and Weingarten, Z. (2019). Strategies for setting high-quality academic individualized education program goals. Office of Special Education Programs, U.S. Department of Education. https://intensiveintervention.org/ resource/high-quality-academic-IEP-goals
  • *Bateman, B. D., and Herr, C. M. (2019). Writing measurable IEP goals and objectives. Attainment Company Inc.
  • Boavida, T., Aguiar, C., McWilliam, R. A. and Pimentel, J. S. (2010). Quality of individualized education program goals of preschoolers with disabilities. Infants and Young Children, 23(3), 233-243. https://doi:10.1097/IYC.0b013e3181e45925
  • *Brown, L., Branston, M , Hamre-Nietupski, S., Pumpian, I., Certo, N., and Gruenewald, L. (1979). A strategy for developing chronological age appropriate and functional curricular content for severely handicapped adolescents and young adults. Journal of Special Education, 13, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246697901300113
  • *Burton, N. (2017). Creating effective IEPs: A guide to developing, writing, and implementing plans for teachers. SAGE Publications.
  • *Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E. and Heward, W. L. (2020). Selecting, defining, and measuring behavior. In O. J. Cooper, T.E. Heron and W. L. Heward, Applied behavior analysis. Pearson UK.
  • *Ecta Center. (2020). Developing high-quality, functional IFSP outcomes and IEP goals training package. Retrieved from https://ectacenter.org/knowledgepath/ifspoutcomes-iepgoals/ifspoutcomes-iepgoals.asp
  • *Giangreco, M. F., Dennis, R. E., Edelman, S. W., and Cloninger, C. J. (1994). Dressing your IEPs for the general education climate analysis of IEP goals and objectives for students with multiple disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 15(5), 288-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193259401500504
  • *Grisham-Brown, J., and Hemmeter, M. L. (1998). Writing IEP goals and objectives: Reflecting an activity-based approach to instruction for young children with disabilities. Young Exceptional Children, 1(3), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/109625069800100301
  • *Goodman, J. F., and Bond, L. (1993). The individualized education program: A retrospective critique. The Journal of Special Education, 26(4), 408-422. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699302600405
  • Hawkins, R. P. and Dobes, R. W. (1977). Behavioural definitions in applied behavior analysis: Explicit or implicit? In B. C. Etzel, J. M. LeBlanc, and D. M. Baer (Eds.), New developments in behavioral research: theory, methods, and applications in (pp. 1-22). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Routledge.
  • *Hedin, L., and DeSpain, S. (2018). SMART or not? Writing specific, measurable IEP goals. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 51(2), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059918802587
  • *Hunt, P., Goetz, L., and Anderson, J. (1986). The quality of IEP objectives associated with placement on integrated versus segregated school sites. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 11(2), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/154079698601100206
  • *Jung, L. A. (2007). Writing SMART objectives and strategies that fit the ROUTINE. Teaching Exceptional Children, 39(4), 54-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005990703900406
  • *Kahng, S., Ingvarsson, E. T., Quigg, A. M., Seckinger, K. E., and Teichman, H. M. (2011). Defining and measuring behavior. In W. W. Fisher, C. C. Piazza, and H. S. Roane (Eds.), Handbook of applied behavior analysis (pp. 113–131). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • *Leach, D. (2010). Goal setting. In D. Leach, Bringing ABA into your inclusive classroom: A guide to improving outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorders. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing Company.
  • *Lignugaris/Kraft, B., Marchand-Martella, N., and Martella, R. C. (2001). Writing better goals and short-term objectives or benchmarks. Teaching Exceptional Children, 34(1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005990103400107
  • Maag, J. W. (2018). Behavior management: From theoretical implications to practical applications. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
  • *McLaughlin, T. W., Snyder, P. A., and Algina, J. (2017). Using generalizability theory to examine the dependability of scores from the Learning Target Rating Scale. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 37(3), 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121416669924
  • *McWilliam, R. A. (2009). Goal Functionality Scale III. Chattanooga, TN: Siskin Children’s Institute.
  • *More, C. M., and Hart Barnett, J. E. (2014). Developing individualized IEP goals in the age of technology: Quality challenges and solutions. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 58(2), 103-109.https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2013.782533
  • Morris, R. J. (1985). Behavior modification with exceptional children: Principles and practices. London: Scott, Foresman and Company.
  • *Notari, A. R. (1988). The utility of a criterion-referenced instrument in the development of individualized education plan goals for infants and young children. Dissertation Abstracts International, 49(07), 1767A (University Microfilms No. AAT88-14193)
  • *Notari-Syverson, A. R., and Shuster, S. L. (1995). Putting real-life skills into IEP/IFSPs for infants and young children. Teaching Exceptional Children, 27(2), 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005999502700207
  • *Odluyurt, S. (2021). Hedef davranış belirleme. Düzkantar, A. (Ed.), Uygulamalı davranış analizi (s. 18-41) içinde. Nobel Akademik.
  • Özyürek, M. (2010). Bireyselleştirilmiş eğitim programını geliştirme ve temelleri (5. Basım). Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
  • *Pierangelo, R., and Giuliani, G. (2007). Understanding, developing, and writing effective IEPs: A step-by-step guide for educators. Corwin Press.
  • Rakap, S. (2015). Quality of individualized education program goals and objectives for preschool children with disabilities. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 30(2), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2014.986909
  • *Rakap, S. (2017a). Hedef davranış tanımlama ve davranışsal amaç yazma. D. Erbas and S. Yucesoy-Ozkan (Eds.), Uygulamalı davranış analizi içinde (ss. 37-75). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Rakap, S. (2017b). Okul öncesi dönemde kaynaştırma eğitimi uygulamalarının desteklenmesinde doğal öğretim yaklaşımları. Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 18(3), 471-492. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.319665
  • Rakap, S., Kalkan, S., & Balıkcı, Ş. (2020). Erken müdahale ve erken çocuklukta özel eğitim alanında Tavsiye Edilen Uygulamalara (TEdU) ilişkin Türk paydaşların bakış açılarının incelenmesi. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 665-681. https://doi.org/10.24130/eccd-jecs.1967202043263
  • Rakap, S., Yücesoy Özkan, S. and Kalkan, S. (2019). How complete are individualized education programmes developed for students with disabilities served in inclusive classroom settings? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 34(5), 663-677. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2019.1580840
  • *Ruble, L. A., McGrew, J., Dalrymple, N., and Jung, L. A. (2010). Examining the quality of IEPs for young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(12), 1459-1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1003-1
  • Shea, T. M. and A. M. Bauer. (2012). Behavior management: A practical approach for educators (10th ed). Boston: Pearson.
  • *Şirin, N. (2014). Hedef davranış belirleme ve tanımlama. Tekin İftar, E. (Ed.), Uygulamalı davranış analizi içinde (s. 41-98). Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık.
  • *The IRIS Center. (2019). IEPs: Developing high-quality individualized education programs. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/iep01/
  • *Thornton, S. (2005). Evaluating IEP goals: the importance of writing high quality goals for monitoring student progress (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Riverside).
  • *Twachtman-Cullen, D., and Twachtman-Bassett, J. (2011). The IEP from A to Z: How to create meaningful and measurable goals and objectives. John Wiley and Sons.
  • *Tymitz-Wolf, B. (1982). Guidelines for assessing IEP goals and objectives. Teaching Exceptional Children, 14(5), 198-201.
  • *Vuran, S. ve Ünlü, E. (2017). Hedef davranışların belirlenmesi. Vuran, S. (Ed.), Uygulamalı davranış analizi (s.33-55) içinde. Eğiten Kitap.
  • *Webber, J. and Scheuermann, B. (2008). Curriculum development. In J. Webber and B. Scheuermann, Educating students with autism: A quick start manual. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
  • *Winterman, K. G., and Rosas, C. E. (2014). The IEP checklist: Your guide to creating meaningful and compliant IEPs. Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (11 baskı). Seçkin Y.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Salih Rakap 0000-0001-7853-3825

Sinan Kalkan 0000-0001-6890-6421

Serife Balikci 0000-0003-3740-8037

Project Number 115K427
Publication Date July 30, 2022
Submission Date April 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Rakap, S., Kalkan, S., & Balikci, S. (2022). Özel Eğitimde Nitelikli Davranışsal Amaç Belirleme ve Yazmaya İlişkin İlkelerin Doküman Analizi Yoluyla Belirlenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 631-650. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1098622