CONFLICTS IN THE DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS MANAGERS: EXAMPLE OF ANTALYA REGION
Year 2021,
Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 22.06.2021
Selda Güven
,
Hacı Mehmet Yıldırım
,
Lütfi Atay
,
Serkan Türkmen
Abstract
Despite the rapid and technology-based developments in the tourism sector, accommodation establishments are highly dependent on tour operators and travel agencies. The international dimension of tourism and the need to connect with different geographies necessitate the cooperation of accommodation businesses with tour operators and travel agencies. In this study, it is aimed to determine the level of dependency of accommodation businesses operating in the Antalya region on travel agencies and tour operators, and to determine the conflicts and solutions to the conflicts experienced during the operations. In the findings of the study, it was concluded that enterprises operating in the accommodation sector for a long time have more bargaining power and their attempts to terminate the contracts decrease as the quotas and working periods.
References
- Andriotis, K. (2003). Dependency on Tour Operators - Problem Faced by Cretan Tourism Bussinesses and the Views of Their Owners/Managers. International Journal of Hospitality and Toursim Administrarion, 23-48.
- Avcıkurt, C., Demirkol, Ş., & Zengin, B. (2009). Turizm İşletmelerinin Pazarlanmasında 7P Ve 7C. İstanbul: Değişim Yayınları.
- Bastakis, C., Buhalis, D., & Butler, R. (2004). The Perception Of Small and Medium Sized Tourism Accommodation Providers on the Impacts of the Tour Operators' Power in Eastern Mediterranean. Tourism Management, 151-170.
- Berne, C., Gonzalez, M. G., & Mugica, J. (2012). How ICT Shifts The Power Of Tourism Distribution Channels. Tourism Management, 205-214.
- Bozkurt, M., & Demiral, Ö. (2014). Pazarlama Karması: Dağıtım. M. Bozkurt içinde, Meslek Yüksek Okulları İçin Pazarlama (s. 121-140). İstanbul: Paradigma Akademi Yayınları.
- Buhalis, D. (2000)a. Marketing the Competitive Destination of the Future. Tourism Management, 97-116.
- Buhalis, D. (2000)b. Relationships in the Distribution Channel of Tourism: Conflict Between of Hoteliers and Tour Operators in the Mediterranean Region. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 113-139.
- Buhalis, D., & Laws, E. (2004). Tourism Distribution Channels. London: Thomson Learning.
- Calveras, A., & Vera-Hernandez, M. (2005). Quality Externalities Among Hotel Establishments: What is the Impact of Tour Operators. Tourism Economics, 571-593.
- Cook, R., Hsu, C., & Marqua, J. (2016). Toursim The Business of Hospitality and Travel. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim ve Danışmanlık.
- Ford, R., Wang, Y., & Vestal, A. (2012). Power Asymmetries in Tourism Distribution Networks. Annals of Tourism Research, 755-779.
- Granados, N., Kauffman, R., Lai, H., & Lin, H.-c. (2011). Decommodiztization, Resonance Marketing, and Information Technology: An Emprical Study of Air Travel Service Amid Channel Conflict. Journal of Management Information Systems, 39-74.
- Guo, X., & He, L. (2012). Tourism Supply-Chain Coordination: The Cooperation Between Tourism Hotel and Tour Operator. Tourism Economics, 1361-1376.
- Güreş, N. (2008). Dağıtım Kanallarında Çatışma Nasıl Önlenebilir? Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 227-241.
- Hacıoğlu, N. (2014). Turizm Pazarlaması. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim ve Danışmanlık .
- Huang, L., Chen, K.-H., & Wu, Y.-W. (2009). What Kind Of Marketing Distribution Mix Can Maximize Revenues: The wholesaler Travel Agencies' Perspective. Tourism Management, 733-739.
- Ivanov, S., Stoilova, E., & Illum, S. F. (2015). Conflict Between Accomodation Establishment and Travel Agencies. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 54-70.
- Kang, B., Brewer, K. P., & Baloğlu, S. (2007). Profitability and Survivalibity of Hotel Distribution Channels. Journal of Toursim & Travel Marketing, 37-50.
- Karamustafa, K. (2000). Marketing Channel Relationship. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 21-30.
- Kethüda, Ö., & Faikoğlu, Ş. (2017). Dağıtım Kanalı Türlerinin Otellerin Cirosuna ve Doluluk OranınaEtkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Akçakoca'da Bir Araştırma. Bartın Ünivesitesi
İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 203-224.
- Kotler, P. (2008). A'dan Z'ye Pazarlama. İstanbul: Kapital Medya Hizmetleri A.Ş.
- Kracht, J., & Wang, Y. (2010). Examining the Tourism Distribution Channel: Evolution and Transformation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 736-757.
- Lafferty, G., & Fossen, A. V. (2001). Integrating Tourism Industry: Problems and Strategies. Tourism Management, 11-19.
- March, R., & Wilkinson, I. (2009). Conceptual Tools For Evaluating Tourism Partnerships. Tourism Management, 455-462.
- Mirzayeva, G., Sarıışık, M., & Ekber, Ş. (2016). Otel İşletmelerinin Dağıtım Kanalı Seçimindeki Davranışları: Bakü'deki Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. ASSAM International
Refereed Journal, 21-32.
- Mwesiumo, D., & Halpern, N. (2016). Interfirm Conflicts in Toursim Value Chains. Tourism Review, 259-271.
- Myung, E., Li, L., & Bai, B. (2009). Managing The Distribution Channel Relationship With E-Wholesalers: Hotel Operators' Perspective . Journal Of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 811-828.
- Pearce, D. (2008). A Need-Function Model Of Toursim Distribution. Annals of Tourism Research, 148-168.
- Pearce, D. (2009). Channel Desing For Effective Tourism Distribution Strategies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 507-521.
- Rızaoğlu, B. (2016). Turizm Pazarlaması. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Stangl, B., Inversini, A., & Schegg, R. (2016). Hotels' Dependency On Online Intermediaries And Their Chosen Distribution Channel Portfolios: Three Country Insights. International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 87-96.
- Tan, J., & Dwyer, L. (2014). Managing Distribution Channel Conflict in the Hotel Industry. International Journal of Marketing and Business Communication, 9-19.
- Webb, K. L. (2002). Managing Channelsof Distribution in the Age of Electronic Commerce. Industrial Marketing Management, 95-102.
- Zhang, X., Song, H., & Huang, G. Q. (2009). Toursim Supply Chain Management: A New Research Agenda. Tourism Management, 345-358.
Konaklama İşletmeleri Yöneticilerinin Bakış Açısından Dağıtım Kanallarında Yaşanan Çatışmalar: Antalya Bölgesi Örneği
Year 2021,
Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 22.06.2021
Selda Güven
,
Hacı Mehmet Yıldırım
,
Lütfi Atay
,
Serkan Türkmen
Abstract
Turizm sektöründe son zamanlarda yaşanan hızlı ve teknoloji temelli gelişmelere rağmen konaklama işletmeleri tur operatörlerine ve seyahat acentalarına yüksek oranda bağımlılık göstermektedir. Turizmin uluslararası boyutta olması ve farklı coğrafyalarla bağlantı kurma gereksinimi konaklama işletmelerinin tur operatörleri ve seyahat acentaları ile iş birliklerini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Antalya bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren konaklama işletmelerinin, seyahat acentaları ve tur operatörlerine bağımlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, operasyonlar sırasında yaşanan çatışmaları ve çatışmalara ilişkin çözümlerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma bulgularında, uzun süredir konaklama sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin daha fazla pazarlık gücüne sahip olduğu ve seyahat acentalarına verdikleri kontenjanlar ve acentalarla çalışma süreleri artıkça sözleşmeyi feshetme yönündeki girişimlerinin daha azaldığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
References
- Andriotis, K. (2003). Dependency on Tour Operators - Problem Faced by Cretan Tourism Bussinesses and the Views of Their Owners/Managers. International Journal of Hospitality and Toursim Administrarion, 23-48.
- Avcıkurt, C., Demirkol, Ş., & Zengin, B. (2009). Turizm İşletmelerinin Pazarlanmasında 7P Ve 7C. İstanbul: Değişim Yayınları.
- Bastakis, C., Buhalis, D., & Butler, R. (2004). The Perception Of Small and Medium Sized Tourism Accommodation Providers on the Impacts of the Tour Operators' Power in Eastern Mediterranean. Tourism Management, 151-170.
- Berne, C., Gonzalez, M. G., & Mugica, J. (2012). How ICT Shifts The Power Of Tourism Distribution Channels. Tourism Management, 205-214.
- Bozkurt, M., & Demiral, Ö. (2014). Pazarlama Karması: Dağıtım. M. Bozkurt içinde, Meslek Yüksek Okulları İçin Pazarlama (s. 121-140). İstanbul: Paradigma Akademi Yayınları.
- Buhalis, D. (2000)a. Marketing the Competitive Destination of the Future. Tourism Management, 97-116.
- Buhalis, D. (2000)b. Relationships in the Distribution Channel of Tourism: Conflict Between of Hoteliers and Tour Operators in the Mediterranean Region. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 113-139.
- Buhalis, D., & Laws, E. (2004). Tourism Distribution Channels. London: Thomson Learning.
- Calveras, A., & Vera-Hernandez, M. (2005). Quality Externalities Among Hotel Establishments: What is the Impact of Tour Operators. Tourism Economics, 571-593.
- Cook, R., Hsu, C., & Marqua, J. (2016). Toursim The Business of Hospitality and Travel. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim ve Danışmanlık.
- Ford, R., Wang, Y., & Vestal, A. (2012). Power Asymmetries in Tourism Distribution Networks. Annals of Tourism Research, 755-779.
- Granados, N., Kauffman, R., Lai, H., & Lin, H.-c. (2011). Decommodiztization, Resonance Marketing, and Information Technology: An Emprical Study of Air Travel Service Amid Channel Conflict. Journal of Management Information Systems, 39-74.
- Guo, X., & He, L. (2012). Tourism Supply-Chain Coordination: The Cooperation Between Tourism Hotel and Tour Operator. Tourism Economics, 1361-1376.
- Güreş, N. (2008). Dağıtım Kanallarında Çatışma Nasıl Önlenebilir? Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 227-241.
- Hacıoğlu, N. (2014). Turizm Pazarlaması. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim ve Danışmanlık .
- Huang, L., Chen, K.-H., & Wu, Y.-W. (2009). What Kind Of Marketing Distribution Mix Can Maximize Revenues: The wholesaler Travel Agencies' Perspective. Tourism Management, 733-739.
- Ivanov, S., Stoilova, E., & Illum, S. F. (2015). Conflict Between Accomodation Establishment and Travel Agencies. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 54-70.
- Kang, B., Brewer, K. P., & Baloğlu, S. (2007). Profitability and Survivalibity of Hotel Distribution Channels. Journal of Toursim & Travel Marketing, 37-50.
- Karamustafa, K. (2000). Marketing Channel Relationship. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 21-30.
- Kethüda, Ö., & Faikoğlu, Ş. (2017). Dağıtım Kanalı Türlerinin Otellerin Cirosuna ve Doluluk OranınaEtkisinin Değerlendirilmesi: Akçakoca'da Bir Araştırma. Bartın Ünivesitesi
İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 203-224.
- Kotler, P. (2008). A'dan Z'ye Pazarlama. İstanbul: Kapital Medya Hizmetleri A.Ş.
- Kracht, J., & Wang, Y. (2010). Examining the Tourism Distribution Channel: Evolution and Transformation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 736-757.
- Lafferty, G., & Fossen, A. V. (2001). Integrating Tourism Industry: Problems and Strategies. Tourism Management, 11-19.
- March, R., & Wilkinson, I. (2009). Conceptual Tools For Evaluating Tourism Partnerships. Tourism Management, 455-462.
- Mirzayeva, G., Sarıışık, M., & Ekber, Ş. (2016). Otel İşletmelerinin Dağıtım Kanalı Seçimindeki Davranışları: Bakü'deki Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. ASSAM International
Refereed Journal, 21-32.
- Mwesiumo, D., & Halpern, N. (2016). Interfirm Conflicts in Toursim Value Chains. Tourism Review, 259-271.
- Myung, E., Li, L., & Bai, B. (2009). Managing The Distribution Channel Relationship With E-Wholesalers: Hotel Operators' Perspective . Journal Of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 811-828.
- Pearce, D. (2008). A Need-Function Model Of Toursim Distribution. Annals of Tourism Research, 148-168.
- Pearce, D. (2009). Channel Desing For Effective Tourism Distribution Strategies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 507-521.
- Rızaoğlu, B. (2016). Turizm Pazarlaması. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Stangl, B., Inversini, A., & Schegg, R. (2016). Hotels' Dependency On Online Intermediaries And Their Chosen Distribution Channel Portfolios: Three Country Insights. International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 87-96.
- Tan, J., & Dwyer, L. (2014). Managing Distribution Channel Conflict in the Hotel Industry. International Journal of Marketing and Business Communication, 9-19.
- Webb, K. L. (2002). Managing Channelsof Distribution in the Age of Electronic Commerce. Industrial Marketing Management, 95-102.
- Zhang, X., Song, H., & Huang, G. Q. (2009). Toursim Supply Chain Management: A New Research Agenda. Tourism Management, 345-358.