Çin’in Uluslararası Kimlik Trilemması: Gelişmekte olan Ülke, Bölgesel Güç ya da Büyük Güç?

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 83 - 102, 30.04.2019

Nilgün Eliküçük Yıldırım

Abstract

Çin
dış politikasında sabit bir ülke kimliğinden ziyade aynı anda farklı birçok
kimlik benimsemektedir. Çin Üçüncü Dünya ile ilişkilerinde hala gelişmekte olan
ülke kimliğini kullanırken, periferisinde bölgesel güç rolünü oynamaktadır.
Uluslararası alanda ise büyük güçlere atfedilen uluslararası sorumluluk
prensibini üstlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Çin’in gelişmekte olan ülke mi, bölgesel
güç mü ya da küresel anlamda büyük güç mü olduğu konusunda kesinlik yoktur.
Çin’in dış politikada birden çok kimliğe aynı anda bürünmesi, uluslararası
ilişkiler akademisi tarafından tartışılan küresel kimliklerin bir ya da
birkaçının benimsenmesi sonucudur. Uluslararası kimlik tartışmalarının odak
noktası ise düşük profil stratejisinin temel taşlarından biri olan “juebu
dangtou” yani asla “lider olma/liderlik yapma” prensibidir. Bu çalışma da, Çin
akademisindeki uluslararası kimlik tartışmalarını, gelişmekte olan ülke,
bölgesel güç ve büyük güç kimliği olarak üç kategoride ele alacağım. Çalışmanın
temel önermesi, Xi Jinping’in “başarı için mücadele” stratejisinin
şekillenmesinde akademideki kimlik tartışmalarının etkili olduğudur. Ayrıca bu
tartışmalar Çin’in hangi siyasi coğrafya üzerinden etki alanı yaratmak
isteyeceğini gözlemlemek için de oldukça yararlıdır.

Keywords

Asla Liderlik Yapma, Uluslararası Kimlik Tartışmaları, Çin Akademisi, Düşük Profil Stratejisi, Başarı için Mücadele

China’s International Identity Trilemma: Developing Country, Regional Power or Great Power?

Abstract

China
has adopted many different identities concurrently, rather than a fixed country
identity in its foreign policy. China still uses the identity of being a
developing country in its relations with the third world, while playing the
role of being a regional power in its periphery. On the other hand, it assumes
the principle of international responsibility that is attributed to the Great Powers
in the international arena. In this context, there is no certainty whether
China is a developing country, a regional power or a global power. China's
simultaneous possession of multiple identities in foreign policy is the result
of the adoption of one or more of the global identities discussed by the
International Relations Academy. The focus of the International identity debate
is the principle of “never take lead”, (juebu dangtou), which is one of the
cornerstones of keeping low profile strategy. In this study, I will discuss the
international identity debate in the Chinese Academy in three categories:
developing country, regional power and great power. The main argument of the
study is that the identity discussions at the Academy are effective in shaping
Xi Jinping's “strive for achievement” strategy. These discussions are also very
useful to observe which political geography China would like to create an
impact on.

Keywords

Never Take Lead, International Identity Debates, Chinese IR Academy, Keeping Low Profile, Strive for Achievement

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