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The Role of Urban Transformation in Combating Climate Change in Cities and Approaches for Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: Özel, 21 - 42, 30.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1363627

Abstract

Today cities have a dense population and different functions. Cities also host production and consumption processes. Therefore, they have important effects on human life and future. Activities carried out in cities reveal climate change, which is an important problem of our age. However, cities are also the key to the solution in the fight against climate change with the opportunities they contain. Urbanization is a dynamic phenomenon in a state of constant change and transformation, and urban transformation has become one of the key solutions that are also evaluated for combating climate change today. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of urban transformation in the fight against climate change and to present the approaches for Turkey. As a result of the study, it was obtained that the application of one or a combination of the methods such as urban renewal, urban conservation, urban rehabilitation, urban revitalization, urban redevelopment and urban cleaning, which are urban transformation applications, by evaluating the local dynamics of each city or each neighbourhood, in order to increase resilience, will contribute to the fight against climate change, and it supports greenhouse gas reduction and adaptation actions. Another important conclusion of the study is that these issues will also support the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals that Turkey is committed to achieving, in particular Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities and Goal 13: Climate Action, as well as the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement.

References

  • Budak, S., (2005). Yeniden yapılanma, Avrupa Birliği ve kent. Kamu yönetiminden planlamaya yeniden yapılanma (s. 98-104). TMMOB ŞPO.
  • Chu, E. & Michael, K. (2018). Recognition in urban climate justice: Marginality and exclusion of migrants in Indian cities. Environment ve Urbanization, 31(1), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/09562478188144
  • Climate Europe. (2023). What is climate? What is climate change? https://www.climateurope.eu/what-is-climate-and-climate-change/
  • ÇŞB &İlbank. (2014). Kentsel dönüşüm çalıştayı sonuç raporu: Şehir için gelecek. ÇŞB.
  • Davies, C. (2022, August 5). Nature-based solutions generate greener urban renewal. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/en/horizon-magazine/nature-based-solutions-generate-greener-urban-renewal
  • De Gregorio Hurtado, S. (2021). Adaptation to climate change as a key dimension of urban regeneration in Europe: The cases of Copenhagen, Vienna, and Madrid. M.B. Andreucci, A. Marvuglia, M. Baltov & P. Hansen (Ed.), Rethinking Sustainability Towards a Regenarative Economy (s. 65-89). Springer.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2023). İklim değişikliğiyle mücadelenin önemi. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/iklim-degisikligiyle-mucadelenin-onemi.tr.mfa
  • European Parliament. (2023, March 14). Cutting EU greenhouse gas emissions: national targets for 2030. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20180208STO97442/cutting-eu-greenhouse-gas-emissions-national-targets-for-2030?&at_campaign=20234-Green&at_medium=Google_Ads&at_platform=Search&at_creation=RSA&at_goal=TR_G&at_audience=green%20house%20gas%20emissions&at_topic=Greenhouse&at_location=IT&gclid=Cj0KCQjwzdOlBhCNARIsAPMwjbxoW6tdGFGWNm770gopoiF4RXkOy0ar1Ev1tFy62lDVJlJFqd2LZxMaAiXPEALw_wcB
  • GCA. (2019, September 17). 12 great examples of how countries are adapting to climate change. https://gca.org/12-great-examples-of-how-countries-are-adapting-to-climate-change/
  • Higgins, P.A.T. (2014). Climate change risk management: An AMS policy program study. AMS.
  • Hurlimann, A. C., Moosavi, S. & Browne, G. R. (2021). Climate change transformation: A definition and typology to guide decision making in urban environments. Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102890
  • IEA. (2023). Buildings. https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings
  • IPCC. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. contribution of working group ıı to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (Ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC. (2023). IPCC 6th assesstment report. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-cycle/
  • Jacob, D. (2019, June 5). Climate change: Urban transformation and the relevance of critical infrastructure. Open Access Government. https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/climate-change-urban-transformation/63370/
  • Lehmann, S. (2019). Urban regeneration: A manifesto for transforming UK Cities in the age of climate change. Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Liu, Y., Sang, M., Xu, X., Shen, L. & Bao, H. (2023). How can urban regeneration reduce carbon emissions? A bibliometric review. Land, 12(7), 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071328
  • NASA. (2023). What is climate change? https://climatekids.nasa.gov/climate-change-meaning/#:~:text=Climate%20change%20describes%20a%20change,in%20the%20past%2020%20years.
  • Oruç, G. D. & Giritlioğlu, C., (2006). Şehir eski merkezlerinde yeniden canlandırma: İstanbul-Eminönü örneği. İTÜ Dergisi, 5(2), 233-241. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/230193431.pdf
  • Pennell, N., Ahmed, S. & Henningsson, S. (2010, August 24). Reinventing the city to combat climate change. Strategy Business. https://www.strategy-business.com/article/10303
  • Polat, S. & Dostoğlu, N. (2007). Kentsel dönüşüm kavramı üzerine: bursa’da kükürtlü ve mudanya örnekleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 61-76. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/202786
  • Resmî Gazete. (2012, Mayıs 31). 6306 sayılı afet riski altındaki alanların dönüştürülmesi hakkında kanun. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/05/20120531-1.htm.
  • Roberts, P. (2000). The evaluation, definition and purpose of urban regeneration. P. Roberts ve H. Sykes (Ed.), Urban Regeneration A Handbook (s. 9-36). SAGE.
  • Saberi, O. & Baykan, N. (2022, March 24). How to build climate resilience into the construction industry. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/03/heres-how-to-build-climate-resilience-into-the-construction-industry/
  • SBB. (2019a). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları değerlendirme raporu. SBB.
  • SBB (2019b). On birinci kalkınma planı (2019–2023). SBB.
  • SBB. (2022). On ikinci kalkınma planı özel ihtisas komisyonları listesi. https://onikinciplan.sbb.gov.tr/ozel-ihtisas-komisyonlari-listesi/
  • Tekeli, İ. (2011). Kent , kentli hakları, kentleşme ve kentsel dönüşüm. Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Tuğaç, Ç. (2022). Urban renewal: Turkey’s solution for housing problems for low-income groups and disaster-resilient urbanization. W. Leal Filho et al. (Ed.), SDGs in the European Region, Implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals – Regional Perspectives (s. 1-24). Springer Nature.
  • TÜİK. (2022, Mayıs 11). Kent-kır nüfus istatistikleri, 2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755
  • UN. (2023a). What is climate change? https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change
  • UN. (2023b, July 27). Hottest July ever signals ‘era of global boiling has arrived’ says UN chief. https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1139162
  • UN Habitat. (2022). World cities report 2022: Envisaging the future of cities. UN Habitat.
  • UNFCCC. (2014, July 10). Adaptation, the UNFCCC and the Convention. https://unfccc.int/news/adapatation-and-the-convention

Kentlerde İklim Değişikliğiyle Mücadelede Kentsel Dönüşümün Rolü ve Türkiye İçin Yaklaşımlar

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: Özel, 21 - 42, 30.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1363627

Abstract

Günümüzde kentler, yoğun bir nüfusu ve farklı fonksiyonları barındırmaktadır. Kentler, aynı zamanda üretim ve tüketim süreçlerine de ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu nedenle insan yaşamı ve geleceği üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptirler. Kentlerde gerçekleştirilen faaliyetler, çağımızın önemli bir sorunu olan iklim değişikliğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Ancak kentler bir yandan da içerdikleri olanaklarla iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede çözümün de anahtarıdır. Kentleşme, sürekli değişim ve dönüşüm halindeki devingen bir olgudur ve kentsel dönüşüm, günümüzde iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele için de değerlendirilen söz konusu anahtar çözümlerden biri haline gelmiş durumdadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede kentsel dönüşümün rolünün değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye için yaklaşımların neler olabileceğinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışma sonucunda, kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları olan kentsel yenileme, kentsel koruma, kentsel yeniden canlandırma, kentsel sağlıklaştırma, kentsel yeniden geliştirme ve kentsel temizleme gibi yöntemlerin birinin ya da birkaçının kombinasyonunun, her kentin veya her mahallenin yerel dinamikleri değerlendirilerek, dirençliliği artırmak doğrultusunda uygulanmasının, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleyi ve sera gazı azaltımı ve uyum eylemlerini desteklediği sonucu elde edilmiştir. Bu şekilde geliştirilecek çözümler yerel çevreyi, kentli katılımını ve kentsel ekonomik kalkınmayı da olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu hususların, aynı zamanda Türkiye’nin de taahhüdü bulunan Birleşmiş Milletler 2030 Gündemi ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları’nın ve bunlar içinde özellikle de Amaç 11: Sürdürülebilir Kentler ve Topluluklar ve Amaç 13: İklim Eylemi’nin ve ayrıca Paris İklim Anlaşması’nın hedeflerinin gerçekleştirilmesini destekleyeceği çalışmada elde edilen bir diğer önemli sonuçtur.

References

  • Budak, S., (2005). Yeniden yapılanma, Avrupa Birliği ve kent. Kamu yönetiminden planlamaya yeniden yapılanma (s. 98-104). TMMOB ŞPO.
  • Chu, E. & Michael, K. (2018). Recognition in urban climate justice: Marginality and exclusion of migrants in Indian cities. Environment ve Urbanization, 31(1), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/09562478188144
  • Climate Europe. (2023). What is climate? What is climate change? https://www.climateurope.eu/what-is-climate-and-climate-change/
  • ÇŞB &İlbank. (2014). Kentsel dönüşüm çalıştayı sonuç raporu: Şehir için gelecek. ÇŞB.
  • Davies, C. (2022, August 5). Nature-based solutions generate greener urban renewal. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/en/horizon-magazine/nature-based-solutions-generate-greener-urban-renewal
  • De Gregorio Hurtado, S. (2021). Adaptation to climate change as a key dimension of urban regeneration in Europe: The cases of Copenhagen, Vienna, and Madrid. M.B. Andreucci, A. Marvuglia, M. Baltov & P. Hansen (Ed.), Rethinking Sustainability Towards a Regenarative Economy (s. 65-89). Springer.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2023). İklim değişikliğiyle mücadelenin önemi. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/iklim-degisikligiyle-mucadelenin-onemi.tr.mfa
  • European Parliament. (2023, March 14). Cutting EU greenhouse gas emissions: national targets for 2030. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20180208STO97442/cutting-eu-greenhouse-gas-emissions-national-targets-for-2030?&at_campaign=20234-Green&at_medium=Google_Ads&at_platform=Search&at_creation=RSA&at_goal=TR_G&at_audience=green%20house%20gas%20emissions&at_topic=Greenhouse&at_location=IT&gclid=Cj0KCQjwzdOlBhCNARIsAPMwjbxoW6tdGFGWNm770gopoiF4RXkOy0ar1Ev1tFy62lDVJlJFqd2LZxMaAiXPEALw_wcB
  • GCA. (2019, September 17). 12 great examples of how countries are adapting to climate change. https://gca.org/12-great-examples-of-how-countries-are-adapting-to-climate-change/
  • Higgins, P.A.T. (2014). Climate change risk management: An AMS policy program study. AMS.
  • Hurlimann, A. C., Moosavi, S. & Browne, G. R. (2021). Climate change transformation: A definition and typology to guide decision making in urban environments. Sustainable Cities and Society, 70, 102890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102890
  • IEA. (2023). Buildings. https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings
  • IPCC. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. contribution of working group ıı to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (Ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC. (2023). IPCC 6th assesstment report. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-cycle/
  • Jacob, D. (2019, June 5). Climate change: Urban transformation and the relevance of critical infrastructure. Open Access Government. https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/climate-change-urban-transformation/63370/
  • Lehmann, S. (2019). Urban regeneration: A manifesto for transforming UK Cities in the age of climate change. Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Liu, Y., Sang, M., Xu, X., Shen, L. & Bao, H. (2023). How can urban regeneration reduce carbon emissions? A bibliometric review. Land, 12(7), 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071328
  • NASA. (2023). What is climate change? https://climatekids.nasa.gov/climate-change-meaning/#:~:text=Climate%20change%20describes%20a%20change,in%20the%20past%2020%20years.
  • Oruç, G. D. & Giritlioğlu, C., (2006). Şehir eski merkezlerinde yeniden canlandırma: İstanbul-Eminönü örneği. İTÜ Dergisi, 5(2), 233-241. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/230193431.pdf
  • Pennell, N., Ahmed, S. & Henningsson, S. (2010, August 24). Reinventing the city to combat climate change. Strategy Business. https://www.strategy-business.com/article/10303
  • Polat, S. & Dostoğlu, N. (2007). Kentsel dönüşüm kavramı üzerine: bursa’da kükürtlü ve mudanya örnekleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 61-76. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/202786
  • Resmî Gazete. (2012, Mayıs 31). 6306 sayılı afet riski altındaki alanların dönüştürülmesi hakkında kanun. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/05/20120531-1.htm.
  • Roberts, P. (2000). The evaluation, definition and purpose of urban regeneration. P. Roberts ve H. Sykes (Ed.), Urban Regeneration A Handbook (s. 9-36). SAGE.
  • Saberi, O. & Baykan, N. (2022, March 24). How to build climate resilience into the construction industry. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/03/heres-how-to-build-climate-resilience-into-the-construction-industry/
  • SBB. (2019a). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları değerlendirme raporu. SBB.
  • SBB (2019b). On birinci kalkınma planı (2019–2023). SBB.
  • SBB. (2022). On ikinci kalkınma planı özel ihtisas komisyonları listesi. https://onikinciplan.sbb.gov.tr/ozel-ihtisas-komisyonlari-listesi/
  • Tekeli, İ. (2011). Kent , kentli hakları, kentleşme ve kentsel dönüşüm. Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Tuğaç, Ç. (2022). Urban renewal: Turkey’s solution for housing problems for low-income groups and disaster-resilient urbanization. W. Leal Filho et al. (Ed.), SDGs in the European Region, Implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals – Regional Perspectives (s. 1-24). Springer Nature.
  • TÜİK. (2022, Mayıs 11). Kent-kır nüfus istatistikleri, 2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755
  • UN. (2023a). What is climate change? https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change
  • UN. (2023b, July 27). Hottest July ever signals ‘era of global boiling has arrived’ says UN chief. https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/07/1139162
  • UN Habitat. (2022). World cities report 2022: Envisaging the future of cities. UN Habitat.
  • UNFCCC. (2014, July 10). Adaptation, the UNFCCC and the Convention. https://unfccc.int/news/adapatation-and-the-convention
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Urban Policy
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Çiğdem Tuğaç 0000-0002-2555-6641

Banafsheh Mahdızadeh Dalır This is me 0009-0007-0612-1769

Early Pub Date October 30, 2023
Publication Date October 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 25 Issue: Özel

Cite

APA Tuğaç, Ç., & Mahdızadeh Dalır, B. (2023). Kentlerde İklim Değişikliğiyle Mücadelede Kentsel Dönüşümün Rolü ve Türkiye İçin Yaklaşımlar. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(Özel), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1363627