Research Article
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The Effect of Social Determinants of Health on Life Expectancy: A Retrospective Study

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 44 - 51, 21.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.59398/ahd.1463207

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to examine the effect of social determinants of health on life expectancy.
Method
The retrospective descriptive study data consisted of the life expectancy and social determinants of health secondary data from the Organization for Eco¬nomic Co-operation and Development the Better Life Index database. The database was screened in January 2022. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the level of relationship between variables. Linear regres¬sion analysis using the backward elimination method was performed on so¬cial determinants of health affecting life expectancy. Reporting is consistent with the STROBE checklist.
Results
The average life expectancy level of the countries is 80.03±4.54. According to the backward elimination method, a one-unit increase in job, health, safety and community levels affects life expectancy by 0.379, 0.486, 0.387, and -0.358 units, respectively (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Job, health, safety, and community affected life expectancy. To promote sustainable global health, it is recommended that nurses focus on the social determinants of health at the global level in the care of individuals and community. The ideal of global health provides opportunities for justice and equitable health thought and action and provides a framework for policy development. Nurses must take an active role in guiding policy as advocates for global health.

References

  • Amiri A, Solankallio-Vahteri T. Nurse staffing and life expectancy at birth and at 65 years old: Ev¬idence from 35 OECD countries. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 2019; 6(4):362– 370.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Health at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators (Summary). 2019, Available: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-mi-gration-health/health-at-a-glance-2019_4d¬d50c09-en
  • Gutin I, Hummer RA. Social Inequality and the Future of U.S. Life Expectancy. Annual Review of Sociology, 2021; 47(1):501–520.
  • World Health Organization. (WHO). Social De¬terminants of Health. 2022, Available: https:// www.who.int/health-topics/social-determi¬nants-of-health#tab=tab_1
  • Xie B, He D, Mercer T, Wang Y, Wu D, Fleischmann KR, Zhang Y, Yoder LH, Stephens KK, Mackert M, Lee MK. Global health crises are also infor¬mation crises: A call to action. JASIST, 2020; 71:1419-1423.
  • Abedi V, Olulana O, Avula V, Chaudhary D, Khan A, Shahjouei S, Li J, Zand R. Racial, Economic, and Health Inequality and COVID-19 Infection in the United States. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2021; 8(3):732–742.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and De¬velopment (OECD). OECD Launches Your Better Life Index. 2011, Available: https://www.oecd. org/general/oecdlaunchesyourbetterlifeindex. htm
  • Rider EA, Kurtz S, Slade D, Longmaid HE, Ho MJ, Pun JK., Eggins S, Branch WT. The Interna¬tional Charter for Human Values in Healthcare: an interprofessional global collaboration to enhance values and communication in healthcare. Patient Education and Counseling, 2014; 96(3):273–280.
  • Tokudome S, Hashimoto S, Igata A. Life expec¬tancy and healthy life expectancy of Japan: the fastest graying society in the world. BMC Res Notes, 2016; 9(1), 482.
  • Uslu E, Yeşilaydın G. The importance of mental health variables for life expectancy by entropy weighting method: a case of OECD countries. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 2023; 14(1), 9-14
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Better Life Index. 2022a, Available: https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex. org/#/11111111111
  • Franzke AS, Muis I, Schäfer MT. Data Ethics Decision Aid (DEDA): A dialogical framework for ethical inquiry of AI and data projects in the Netherlands. Ethics and Information Technolo¬gy. 2021; 1-17.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Life expectancy at Birth. 2022b, Available: https://data.oecd.org/health¬stat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm
  • Johnson CB, Luther B, Wallace AS, Kulesa MG. (). Social Determinants of Health: What Are They and How Do We Screen. Orthopedic Nurs¬ing, 2022; 41(2):88–100.
  • Kuehnert P, Fawcett J, DePriest K, Chinn P, Cous¬in L, Ervin N, Flanagan J, Fry Bowers E, Killion C, Maliski S, Maughan ED, Meade C, Murray T, Schenk B, Waite R. Defining the social determinants of health for nursing action to achieve health equity: A consensus paper from the American Academy of Nursing. Nursing Out¬look, 2022; 70(1):10–27.
  • Chetty R, Stepner M, Abraham S, Lin S, Scuderi B, Turner N, Bergeron A, Cutler D. The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001 2014. JAMA, 2016; 315(16):1750–1766.
  • Roelfs DJ, Shor E, Davidson KW, Schwartz JE. Losing life and livelihood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of unemployment and all-cause mortality. Social Science & Medicine, 2011; 72(6), 840–854.
  • Nar M, Nar MŞ. An updated assessment of the OECD’s quality of life index. Problemy Ekorozwo¬ju, 2019; 14(1):7-18.
  • Kuenzig ME, Manuel DG, Donelle J, Benchimol EI. Life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy in people with inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian Medical Association Jour¬nal, 2020; 192(45): E1394 E1402.
  • Umberson D, Montez JK. Social relationships and health: a flashpoint for health policy. J Health Soc Behav, 2010; 51:S54–S66
  • Park P, Blumenstock JE, Macy MW. The strength of long-range ties in population-scale social networks. Science, 2018; 362(6421):1410–1413.
  • Yang YC, Boen C, Gerken K, Li E, Schorpp K, Har¬ris KM. Social relationships and physiological determinants of longevity across the human life span. Biological Sciences. 2016; 113(3):578- 583.
  • Holt-Lunstad J. The major health implications of social connection. Current Directions in Psycho¬logical Science, 2021; 30(3):251-259.
  • Braveman P, Gottlieb L. The social determinants of health: it’s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public health reports, 2014; 129(1_sup¬pl2):19-31.
  • Pickett KE, Wilkinson RG. (). Income inequality and health: a causal review. Social Science & Medicine, 2015; 128:316–326.
  • Taylor S. ‘Global health’: meaning what? BMJ Glob Health, 2018; 3:e000843.
  • Yilmaztürk A. Health Reforms in Turkey, Histor¬ical Development and Transformation of the Program in Health Care Quality Assessment of Global. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 2013; 8(1):176-188.
  • Saad J M,Prochaska, JO. A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value. Palgrave Communications, 2020; 6(1):45.
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights. General Assembly Resolution, 216, 10 December 1948.
  • Merry MS. Equality, self‐respect and voluntary separation. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 2012; 15(1):79- 100.
  • Bielecki A, Nieszporska S. The proposal of philosophical basis of the health care system. Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy, 2017; 20(1):23–35.
  • American Nursing Association (ANA).View the Code of Ethics for Nurses. 2015; Available:https://www.nursingworld.org/prac¬tice-policy/nursing excellence/ethics/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/
  • American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). The essentials of baccalaureate education for professional nursing practice. 2008, Available: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education resources/baccessentials08.pdf
  • Schmidt BJ, McArthur EC. Professional nursing values: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 2018; 53(1):69–75.
  • Schiavo R. Social innovation as a key imperative in global health. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2015; 8(2):87-89.

Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicilerinin Yaşam Beklentisine Etkisi: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 44 - 51, 21.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.59398/ahd.1463207

Abstract

Amaç
Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlığın sosyal belirleyicilerinin yaşam beklentisi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
Yöntem
Retrospektif tanımlayıcı türdeki bu çalışmanın ver¬ileri, Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) ‘nün Daha İyi Yaşam Endeksi veri tabanından alınan yaşam beklentisi ve sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri ikincil verilerinden oluşmaktadır. Veri tabanı Ocak 2022’de taranmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin düzeyini belirlemek için Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Yaşam beklentisini etkileyen sağlığın sosyal belirleyicilerine geriye doğru eleme yöntemi kullanılarak doğrusal regresyon analizi uygulan¬mıştır. Raporlamada STROBE kontrol listesinden yararlanılmıştır.
Bulgular
Ülkelerin ortalama yaşam beklentisi düzeyleri 80,03±4,54’tür. Geriye doğru eleme yöntemine göre iş, sağlık, güvenlik ve toplum düzeyindeki bir birimlik artış, yaşam beklentisini sırasıyla 0,379, 0,486, 0,387 ve -0,358 birim etkilemektedir (p<0,05).
Sonuç
İş, sağlık, güvenlik ve toplum yaşam beklentisini et¬kilemektedir. Sürdürülebilir küresel sağlığı teşvik etmek için birey ve toplumun bakımında küresel düzeyde hemşirelerin sağlığın sosyal belirleyicilerine odaklanması önerilmektedir. Küresel sağlık ideali, adil ve eşitlikçi sağlık düşüncesi ve eylemi için fırs¬atlar ve politika geliştirme için bir çerçeve sağlar. Hemşireler küresel sağlığın savunucuları olarak poli¬tikaları yönlendirmede aktif bir rol üstlenmelidir.

Ethical Statement

Araştırmacılar çalışmanın tüm aşamalarında İnternet Araştırmaları Etik Klavuzu' nu dikkate alarak çalışmayı tamamlamışlardır.

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

References

  • Amiri A, Solankallio-Vahteri T. Nurse staffing and life expectancy at birth and at 65 years old: Ev¬idence from 35 OECD countries. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 2019; 6(4):362– 370.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Health at a Glance 2019: OECD Indicators (Summary). 2019, Available: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-mi-gration-health/health-at-a-glance-2019_4d¬d50c09-en
  • Gutin I, Hummer RA. Social Inequality and the Future of U.S. Life Expectancy. Annual Review of Sociology, 2021; 47(1):501–520.
  • World Health Organization. (WHO). Social De¬terminants of Health. 2022, Available: https:// www.who.int/health-topics/social-determi¬nants-of-health#tab=tab_1
  • Xie B, He D, Mercer T, Wang Y, Wu D, Fleischmann KR, Zhang Y, Yoder LH, Stephens KK, Mackert M, Lee MK. Global health crises are also infor¬mation crises: A call to action. JASIST, 2020; 71:1419-1423.
  • Abedi V, Olulana O, Avula V, Chaudhary D, Khan A, Shahjouei S, Li J, Zand R. Racial, Economic, and Health Inequality and COVID-19 Infection in the United States. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2021; 8(3):732–742.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and De¬velopment (OECD). OECD Launches Your Better Life Index. 2011, Available: https://www.oecd. org/general/oecdlaunchesyourbetterlifeindex. htm
  • Rider EA, Kurtz S, Slade D, Longmaid HE, Ho MJ, Pun JK., Eggins S, Branch WT. The Interna¬tional Charter for Human Values in Healthcare: an interprofessional global collaboration to enhance values and communication in healthcare. Patient Education and Counseling, 2014; 96(3):273–280.
  • Tokudome S, Hashimoto S, Igata A. Life expec¬tancy and healthy life expectancy of Japan: the fastest graying society in the world. BMC Res Notes, 2016; 9(1), 482.
  • Uslu E, Yeşilaydın G. The importance of mental health variables for life expectancy by entropy weighting method: a case of OECD countries. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 2023; 14(1), 9-14
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Better Life Index. 2022a, Available: https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex. org/#/11111111111
  • Franzke AS, Muis I, Schäfer MT. Data Ethics Decision Aid (DEDA): A dialogical framework for ethical inquiry of AI and data projects in the Netherlands. Ethics and Information Technolo¬gy. 2021; 1-17.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Life expectancy at Birth. 2022b, Available: https://data.oecd.org/health¬stat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm
  • Johnson CB, Luther B, Wallace AS, Kulesa MG. (). Social Determinants of Health: What Are They and How Do We Screen. Orthopedic Nurs¬ing, 2022; 41(2):88–100.
  • Kuehnert P, Fawcett J, DePriest K, Chinn P, Cous¬in L, Ervin N, Flanagan J, Fry Bowers E, Killion C, Maliski S, Maughan ED, Meade C, Murray T, Schenk B, Waite R. Defining the social determinants of health for nursing action to achieve health equity: A consensus paper from the American Academy of Nursing. Nursing Out¬look, 2022; 70(1):10–27.
  • Chetty R, Stepner M, Abraham S, Lin S, Scuderi B, Turner N, Bergeron A, Cutler D. The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001 2014. JAMA, 2016; 315(16):1750–1766.
  • Roelfs DJ, Shor E, Davidson KW, Schwartz JE. Losing life and livelihood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of unemployment and all-cause mortality. Social Science & Medicine, 2011; 72(6), 840–854.
  • Nar M, Nar MŞ. An updated assessment of the OECD’s quality of life index. Problemy Ekorozwo¬ju, 2019; 14(1):7-18.
  • Kuenzig ME, Manuel DG, Donelle J, Benchimol EI. Life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy in people with inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian Medical Association Jour¬nal, 2020; 192(45): E1394 E1402.
  • Umberson D, Montez JK. Social relationships and health: a flashpoint for health policy. J Health Soc Behav, 2010; 51:S54–S66
  • Park P, Blumenstock JE, Macy MW. The strength of long-range ties in population-scale social networks. Science, 2018; 362(6421):1410–1413.
  • Yang YC, Boen C, Gerken K, Li E, Schorpp K, Har¬ris KM. Social relationships and physiological determinants of longevity across the human life span. Biological Sciences. 2016; 113(3):578- 583.
  • Holt-Lunstad J. The major health implications of social connection. Current Directions in Psycho¬logical Science, 2021; 30(3):251-259.
  • Braveman P, Gottlieb L. The social determinants of health: it’s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public health reports, 2014; 129(1_sup¬pl2):19-31.
  • Pickett KE, Wilkinson RG. (). Income inequality and health: a causal review. Social Science & Medicine, 2015; 128:316–326.
  • Taylor S. ‘Global health’: meaning what? BMJ Glob Health, 2018; 3:e000843.
  • Yilmaztürk A. Health Reforms in Turkey, Histor¬ical Development and Transformation of the Program in Health Care Quality Assessment of Global. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 2013; 8(1):176-188.
  • Saad J M,Prochaska, JO. A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value. Palgrave Communications, 2020; 6(1):45.
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights. General Assembly Resolution, 216, 10 December 1948.
  • Merry MS. Equality, self‐respect and voluntary separation. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 2012; 15(1):79- 100.
  • Bielecki A, Nieszporska S. The proposal of philosophical basis of the health care system. Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy, 2017; 20(1):23–35.
  • American Nursing Association (ANA).View the Code of Ethics for Nurses. 2015; Available:https://www.nursingworld.org/prac¬tice-policy/nursing excellence/ethics/code-of-ethics-for-nurses/
  • American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). The essentials of baccalaureate education for professional nursing practice. 2008, Available: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education resources/baccessentials08.pdf
  • Schmidt BJ, McArthur EC. Professional nursing values: A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 2018; 53(1):69–75.
  • Schiavo R. Social innovation as a key imperative in global health. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2015; 8(2):87-89.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Aysel Özsaban 0000-0002-8739-8829

Esra Uslu 0000-0003-0168-2747

Aysun Bayram 0000-0003-2038-6265

Publication Date August 21, 2024
Submission Date April 2, 2024
Acceptance Date July 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Özsaban A, Uslu E, Bayram A. The Effect of Social Determinants of Health on Life Expectancy: A Retrospective Study. Akd Nurs J. 2024;3(2):44-51.