Examining the Studies in Which Independent Living Skills were Taught to Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 572 - 607, 01.07.2019

Esra Orum Çattık , Yasemin Ergenekon

https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.577594

Cited By: 2

Öz

In
this study, analyzing the research studies in which independent living skills
were taught to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) descriptively
and evaluating these studies regarding the “single-subject research qualitative
criteria” were aimed. Moving with this purpose, 32 research studies were
determined regarding the including criteria and the demographic characteristics
(participants, setting, teaching conditions, etc.) and methodologic
characteristics (dependent end independent variables, research design,
effectiveness, generalization, maintenance, social validity, etc.) were
analyzed on the tables and graphs, and the results were interpreted. The
included research studies were also evaluated regarding the qualitative
criteria. The results of the studies revealed that independent living skills
were mostly taught to individuals with ASD during their transition to
adolescence and adulthood years, technology based implementations were used to
teach these skills in most of the studies in the recent years, studies were
mostly conducted in one-to-one settings and the types of independent living
skills did not change significantly in the studies. The results regarding the
qualitative criteria showed that 25% of the studies met the “acceptance”
criteria. Regarding this result, it can be said that the quality of the studies
in which independent living skills were taught showed an increase in the recent
years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Independent living skills, autism spectrum disorders, and qualitative criteria in the single-subject research, descriptive analyses, evidence based practices

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylere Bağımsız Yaşam Becerilerinin Öğretildiği Araştırmaların İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada
otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan bireylere bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin
öğretildiği araştırmaları betimsel olarak analiz etmek ve “tek-denekli
araştırmalar niteliksel ölçütleri” açısından değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu
amaçla belirlenen dâhil etme ölçütlerine göre ulaşılan 32 araştırma demografik
(katılımcı, ortam, öğretim düzenlemesi vb.) ve metodolojik (bağımlı ve bağımsız
değişken, araştırma modeli, etkililik, genelleme, izleme, sosyal geçerlik vb.)
özelliklerine ilişkin olarak tablo ve grafikler üzerinde analiz edilmiş ve elde
edilen sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca elde edilen araştırmalar
niteliksel ölçütler açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları
bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin OSB olan bireylere daha çok ergenlik ve yetişkinliğe
geçiş döneminde öğretildiğini, son yıllarda çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğunda bu
becerileri öğretmek üzere teknoloji temelli uygulamalarının kullanıldığını,
çalışmaların çoğunlukla bire-bir öğretim düzenlemesiyle gerçekleştirildiğini ve
öğretilen bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin türleri arasında belirgin bir fark
olmadığını göstermiştir. Niteliksel ölçütlere ilişkin sonuçlar ise ulaşılan
çalışmaların %25’inin kabul edilebilirlik ölçütünü karşıladığını göstermiştir.
Buna göre OSB olan bireylere bağımsız yaşam becerilerinin öğretildiği
araştırmaların kalitelerinin son yıllarda arttığını söylemek mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağımsız yaşam becerileri, otizm spektrum bozukluğu, tek-denekli araştırmalarda niteliksel ölçütler, betimsel analiz, bilimsel dayanaklı uygulamalar

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