ajfr Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 1309-856X 2564-7660 Cankiri Karatekin University Engineering Mühendislik Impact of Agricultural Mechanizes Rain fed Scheme Expansion and Human Intervention on Natural Forests –Case study Upper Nile State, Southern Sudan. Impact of Agricultural Mechanizes Rain fed Scheme Expansion and Human Intervention on Natural Forests –Case study Upper Nile State, Southern Sudan. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2755-0921 Yousif Abdalla Yasir College of Forestry and Range Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3649-8395 Mayik Awet Anong Othwo College of Forestry and Range Science, Upper Nile State, South Sudan 08 07 2019 5 1 7 16 03 16 2019 07 22 2019 Copyright © 2015, Anatolian Journal of Forest Research 2015 Anatolian Journal of Forest Research

This study wascarried at northern Upper Nile State. The main objective is to study the impactof Agricultural Mechanizes Rain fed Scheme Expansion on Natural Forests andhuman intervention affecting natural forests in the area; it was focused onvegetation cover, distribution and density. According to the differences inwoody cover which include quantity, types, density and the differences of thefactors affecting them, the area was subdivided into five strata, for ease ofstudy.§ First stratum:include the areas of agriculture schemes, (Goz Rom, Goz Fami and ElDolaschemes). §Second stratum: is the around villages areas, (El Gagier,Renk, Shomidi, Gelhak, Palouge and Melut). §Third stratum: Charcoal and Gum production areas (aroundGelhak).§Fourth stratum: (Manpyok area in southeast Gelhak).§Fifth stratum: (Palouge and Adar Yale area).The method of simplerandomized sampling of vegetation cover was specifically directed to the woodstrata. A 100 x 100m quadrates were laid at random on selected sites. Also aquestionnaire was prepared for data collection and the main target groups wereforesters and those who are related to natural forests, such as charcoalmakers, fuel wood cutters, nomads, gum producers, farmers, wildlife officersand stockholders, 72 respondents were interviewed.The study found that therewere expansion of mechanized rainfed schemes, traditional rainfed (shifting andmonocropping), over grazing (cutting, lobbing and bending) of Acacia seyal, illegal cutting of Acacia seyal and other species forfirewood and charcoal production, over tapping in traditional ways, settinguncontrolled fires in the natural forests. Also the study found that, there arechanges in vegetation cover and trees species. Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia senegaldisappeared in many areas. They have been replaced by Acacia mellifera which become a dominant species in the studyarea.The study recommended that to mitigate the effects of these factors andutilize natural forests in a sustainable way, the integration and coordinationbetween sectors involve in natural resources’ planning, implementing,evaluating and utilization in the area, should be activated.

This study wascarried at northern Upper Nile State. The main objective is to study the impactof Agricultural Mechanizes Rain fed Scheme Expansion on Natural Forests andhuman intervention affecting natural forests in the area; it was focused onvegetation cover, distribution and density. According to the differences inwoody cover which include quantity, types, density and the differences of thefactors affecting them, the area was subdivided into five strata, for ease ofstudy.§ First stratum:include the areas of agriculture schemes, (Goz Rom, Goz Fami and ElDolaschemes). §Second stratum: is the around villages areas, (El Gagier,Renk, Shomidi, Gelhak, Palouge and Melut). §Third stratum: Charcoal and Gum production areas (aroundGelhak).§Fourth stratum: (Manpyok area in southeast Gelhak).§Fifth stratum: (Palouge and Adar Yale area).The method of simplerandomized sampling of vegetation cover was specifically directed to the woodstrata. A 100 x 100m quadrates were laid at random on selected sites. Also aquestionnaire was prepared for data collection and the main target groups wereforesters and those who are related to natural forests, such as charcoalmakers, fuel wood cutters, nomads, gum producers, farmers, wildlife officersand stockholders, 72 respondents were interviewed.The study found that therewere expansion of mechanized rainfed schemes, traditional rainfed (shifting andmonocropping), over grazing (cutting, lobbing and bending) of Acacia seyal, illegal cutting of Acacia seyal and other species forfirewood and charcoal production, over tapping in traditional ways, settinguncontrolled fires in the natural forests. Also the study found that, there arechanges in vegetation cover and trees species. Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia senegaldisappeared in many areas. They have been replaced by Acacia mellifera which become a dominant species in the studyarea.The study recommended that to mitigate the effects of these factors andutilize natural forests in a sustainable way, the integration and coordinationbetween sectors involve in natural resources’ planning, implementing,evaluating and utilization in the area, should be activated.

 Gelhak Mechanizes Rainfed Natural Forests Renk Gelhak Mechanizes Rainfed Natural Forests Renk Adam, A. M., 2007. Assessment of Some Environmental Dimensions of Rainfed Agriculture in Upper Nile State – Sudan, A case Study of Goz Roum Area. (Renk). M.Sc. Thesis – College of Forestry and Range Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology. Ajawin, O A., 2006. Soil degradation in Goz Rom Mechanized crop production Scheme in Northern Upper Nile Province (Renk). M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Khartoum. Anderson, A., 1990. Alternatives to Deforestation Steps Toward Sustainable Use of the Amazon Rain Forest. New York. FAO, 1993. The challenge of sustainable forest management, what future for the world’s forest, Rome. Garang, G. D., 1991. Upper Nile State at Present and Future. Joseph, K., 1948. Forest Influences (the effects of woody vegetation on climate, water, soil) USA. Khairalseed, A.R., 2015. Desertification in Sudan, Concept, Causes and Control, Journal of Science and Technology. Vol 5.No 2. Madon, G., 1999. An Assessment of Tropical Dry-land Forest Management in Africa: What Are Its Lessons? France. MFC El Renk, 2007. Reports of Agricultural rianfed schemes in the area. Odara, J., Deng, I., Band, N., 2004. Framework for Rehablitation ad Development of Post War Suoth Sudan, University of Bahr El Gazal, pp143.