Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Orman Köylüsünün Orman Algısı: Hanönü Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Örneği (Kastamonu)

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 95 - 106, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.959223

Abstract

Ormanların yönetimi, korunması ve geliştirilmesinde orman algısı en temel etmenlerdendir. Böylece, bu çalışma ile Kastamonu Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü'ne bağlı üç orman işletme şefliği sınırları içerisinde yer alan 6 farklı orman köyünde insanların ormanla olan ilişkileri ve geliştirdikleri koruma bilincinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, cinsiyet farkındalığına göre bağımsız örneklem t-testi, yaş ve eğitim düzeyinde farkındalık seviyesi için de ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Bağımsız örneklem t-testi ile ağaç kesmenin ormansızlaşma üzerindeki etkisi, orman algısı, orman kaynaklarının gelir yaratma açısından önemi ile erkek ve kadın durumları için hakların farkındalığına ait puanlar arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu ortaya konmuştur. İki veya daha fazla grup arasında bağımlı değişken üzerindeki ortalama puanlarda anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığını belirlemek için Tek Yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Buna göre, yaş gruplarının köylülere tanınan haklarda farkındalık, ormansızlaşma üzerine toprak erozyonunun etkisi ve yasaların orman korunmaya olumlu katkısı üzerinde anlamlı (p<0.05) bir etkisi söz konusudur. Ayrıca ağaç kesiminin ve toprak erozyonunun ormansızlaşmaya etkisinde eğitim düzeyi gruplarının anlamlı (p<0.05) bir etkisi vardır.

References

  • Adhikari, B., Di Falco, S., Lovett, J.C., 2004. Household characteristics and forest dependency: evidence from common property forest management in Nepal. Ecological Economics 48, 245-257.
  • Alkan, S., Toksoy, D., 2008. Orman köylerinde sosyo-ekonomik yapı: Trabzon ili örneği. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 37-46.
  • Alkan, S., 2014. Kırsal nüfusun değişiminin, ormanlar ve ormancılık üzerine etkileri (Trabzon ili örneği). Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 69-78.
  • Bahuguna, V.K., 2000. Forests in the economy of the rural poor: an estimation of the dependency level. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 29, 126-129.
  • Baş, T., 2008. Anket: Anket nasıl hazırlanır?, Anket nasıl uygulanır?, Anket nasıl değerlendirilir? Seçkin yayıncılık. Ankara.
  • Beckley, T.M., 1998. The nestedness of forest dependence: a conceptual framework and empirical exploration. Society & Natural Resources 11, 101-120.
  • Best, C., Wayburn, L.A., 2013. America's Private Forests: Status and Stewardship. Island Press. Birben, Ü., Güneş, Y. 2015. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde orman mülkiyeti. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1 (1-2), 22-32.
  • Birben, Ü., Ünal, H.E., Karaca, A., 2018. Orman kaynaklarına ilişkin toplumsal algının incelenmesi (Çankırı kent merkezi örneği). Turkish Journal of Forestry, 19 (1), 76-82. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.394139.
  • Boone, H.N., Boone, D.A., 2012. Analyzing likert data. Journal of Extension 50, 1-5.
  • Carifio, J., Perla, R., 2008. Resolving the 50‐year debate around using and misusing likert scales. Medical education 42, 1150-1152.
  • Chandra, D.K., Kanti, D.M., 2018. Forest dependency of peripheral communities: an empirical study in the fringe of Laokhowa and Burhachaporı wildlife sanctuaries in assam, India, Journal of Environmental Research and Development 12, 351-358.
  • Chao, S., 2012. Forest Peoples: Numbers Across the World, Forest Peoples Programme, Moreton-in-Marsh, UK. In, Retrieved on, p. 2017.
  • Coleman, E.A., 2011. Common property rights, adaptive capacity, and response to forest disturbance. Global Environmental Change 21, 855-865.
  • David, N.O., 2016. Factors influencing forest conservation projects in Trans Mara Sub-County, Narok County, Kenya. In. University of Nairobi.
  • De Winter, J.C., Dodou, D., 2010. Five-Point Likert Items: T-test versus Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. In, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation. Citeseer.
  • Deacon, R.T., 1999. Deforestation and ownership: evidence from historical accounts and contemporary data. Land Economics, 75, 341-359.
  • Dietz, T., Stern, P.C., Guagnano, G.A., 1998. Social structural and social psychological bases of environmental concern. Environment and behavior 30, 450-471.
  • Dolisca, F., McDaniel, J.M., Teeter, L.D., Jolly, C.M., 2007. Land tenure, population pressure, and deforestation in Haiti: the case of Forêt des Pins Reserve. Journal of Forest Economics 13, 277-289.
  • Erdönmez, C., Erol, S.Y., 2009. Orman toplum ilişkileri açısından tarihsel bir inceleme: Polonezköy örneği. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(15), 35-44.
  • Fikir, D., Tadesse, W., Gure, A., 2016. Economic contribution to local livelihoods and households dependency on dry land forest products in Hammer District, Southeastern Ethiopia. International Journal of Forestry Research 2016, 1-11.
  • Garekae, H., Thakadu, O.T., Lepetu, J., 2017. Socio-economic factors influencing household forest dependency in Chobe enclave, Botswana. Ecological Processes 6, 40.
  • Geray, U., 1989. Bir bölüm orman köylerinin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri (les caracterıstıques socıo-economıques d'une part des paysans forestıers). Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 39(2), 29-41.
  • Geray, U., 1993. Türkiye’de orman kaynakları yönetiminin geliştirilmesine ilişkin sorunlar. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 43(2), 15-30.
  • Glass, G.V., Peckham, P.D., Sanders, J.R., 1972. Consequences of failure to meet assumptions underlying the fixed effects analyses of variance and covariance. Review of Educational Research 42, 237-288.
  • Günşen, H.B., 2012. Orman köylerinde iç göçleri etkiyen faktörler (Bartın Kastamonu örneği). Doktora Tezi (yayınlanmamış). Bartın Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Bartın, 187s.
  • Günşen, H.B., Atmiş, E., 2015. İç göçlerin orman köylerinde ve ormancılık çalışmaları üzerindeki etkileri (effects of internal migration in forest villages and forestry). IV. Ormancılıkta Sosyoekonomik Sorunlar Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı (IV. Socioeconomic Problems in Forestry Congress Proceedings), p177-190.
  • Haddad, B.M., 2003. Property rights, ecosystem management, and John Locke's labor theory of ownership. Ecological Economics 46, 19-31.
  • Iizuka, M., 2016. Role of environmental awareness in achieving sustainable development.
  • Kaptein, M.C., Nass, C., Markopoulos, P., 2010. Powerful and consistent analysis of Likert-type rating scales. In, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2391-2394.
  • Kennedy, J.J., Thomas, J.W., Glueck, P., 2001. Evolving forestry and rural development beliefs at midpoint and close of the 20th century. Forest Policy and Economics 3, 81-95.
  • Koech, C., Ongugo, P., Mbuvi, M., Maua, J., 2009. Community forest associations in Kenya: challenges and opportunities. Kenya Forestry Research Institute.
  • Koyuncu, C., Yilmaz, R., 2011. Deforestation, corruption, and private ownership in the forest sector. Quality & Quantity 47, 227-236.
  • Liscow, Z.D., 2013. Do property rights promote investment but cause deforestation? Quasi-experimental evidence from Nicaragua. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 65, 241-261.
  • Liu, P., Yin, R., Li, H., 2016. China's forest tenure reform and institutional change at a crossroads. Forest Policy and Economics 72, 92-98.
  • Louis, C., Keith, M., Lawrence, M., 2000. Research Methods in Education 5th Edition. In. New York.
  • Mamo, G., Sjaastad, E., Vedeld, P., 2007. Economic dependence on forest resources: A case from Dendi District, Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics 9, 916-927.
  • Martin, M., 2011. Reforming Forest Tenure: Issues, Principles and Process. FAO, Rome.
  • Mayer, A.L., Tikka, P.M., 2006. Biodiversity conservation incentive programs for privately owned forests. Environmental Science and Policy 9, 614-625.
  • Mbuvi, D.T., 2011. Youth Entrepreneurial Activities and Forest Conservation: a case study of Youth Groups in Kakamega Forest Area of Kenya. In. University of Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Meinzen-Dick, R., 2014. Property rights and sustainable irrigation: A developing country perspective. Agricultural Water Management 145, 23-31.
  • Meinzen-Dick, R.S., Brown, L.E., Feldstein, H.S., Quisumbing, A.R., 1997. Gender, property rights, and natural resources. World development 25, 1303-1315.
  • Munasinghe, M., 1993. Environmental Economics and Biodiversity Management in Developing Countries. Ambio 22, 126-135.
  • Obonyo, E., Mogoi, J., Ongugo, P., 2008. Property rights and forest management: Whose reality counts? In. KEFRI, Kenya, p. 3.
  • Oliver, P., 2004. Developing effective partnerships in natural resource management. Social Innovations In Natural Resource Management, 58-60.
  • Orimaye, O., Olumide Odunayo, O., J.N, O., 2015. Conservation awareness among Secondary School Students around Ise Forest Reserve, Ekiti State. In, 5th Conference of Nigeria Tropical Biology Association, Nigeria.
  • Owubah, C.E., Le Master, D.C., Bowker, J.M., Lee, J.G., 2001. Forest tenure systems and sustainable forest management: the case of Ghana. Forest Ecology and Management, 149, 253-264.
  • Pearce, D.W., Warford, J.J., 1993. World without end: economics, environment, and sustainable development. Oxford University Press.
  • Preston, C.C., Colman, A.M., 2000. Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta Psychologica 104, 1-15.
  • Rodgers, C., 2009. Property rights, land use and the rural environment: A case for reform. Land Use Policy 26, S134-S141.
  • Šálka, J., Dobšinská, Z., Hricová, Z., 2016. Factors of political power — The example of forest owners associations in Slovakia. Forest Policy and Economics 68, 88-98.
  • Sandberg, A., 2007. Property rights and ecosystem properties. Land Use Policy 24, 613-623.
  • Sapkota, I.P., Odén, P.C., 2008. Household characteristics and dependency on community forests in Terai of Nepal. International journal of social forestry, 1, 123-144.
  • Shackleton, C.M., Shackleton, S.E., Buiten, E., Bird, N., 2007. The importance of dry woodlands and forests in rural livelihoods and poverty alleviation in South Africa. Forest Policy and Economics 9, 558-577.
  • Siry, J.P., Cubbage, F.W., Ahmed, M.R., 2005. Sustainable forest management: global trends and opportunities. Forest policy and Economics, 7, 551-561.
  • Somsoulivong, B., 2016. Forest resources dependency of the rural community: A case study in Bokeo province, Lao PDR. In. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA).
  • Sotirov, M., Blum, M., Storch, S., Selter, A., Schraml, U., 2017. Do forest policy actors learn through forward-thinking? Conflict and cooperation relating to the past, present and futures of sustainable forest management in Germany. Forest Policy and Economics 85, 256-268.
  • Şen, G., Toksoy, D., 2006. Türkiye’de nüfus orman ilişkisi. Ormancılıkta Sosyo-Ekonomik Sorunlar Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 26-28 Mayıs 2006. Ilgaz-Çankırı, s:108-117.
  • Solmaz, E. 2007. Orman köylülerinin kalkınmasına yönelik uygulanan politikaların yoksulluk düzeyi ve orman kaynaklarının kullanımına etkisi Muğla örneği. Doktora Tezi, Muğla Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Muğla, 257s.
  • Talu, O., 1944. Orman Hükümleri, 246 s, A.R. İncealemdaroğlu Matbaası, Zonguldak.
  • TOD. 2019. Türkiye Ormancılığı 2019 (Vol. 47). Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği. Ankara.
  • Tokmanoğlu, T. 1974. Düzenli ormancılık yönünden orman köy ilişkilerinin doğurduğu sorunlar ve çözüm yolları. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 113-118.
  • Toksoy, D., Ayaz, H., Şen, G., Özden, S. 2005. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde orman-köylü ilişkileri. Kafkas Üniversitesi, Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (1-2), 79-85.
  • Tolunay, A., Korkmaz, M. 2005. Orman köylülerinin orman kaynaklarından yararlanma haklarının tarihsel gelişimi. I. Çevre ve Ormancılık Şurası, 22-24 Mart 2005, s.1559-1566, Antalya.
  • Ukwetang, J.O., Otu, J.E., Neji, H.A., 2014. Assessing the influence of gender awareness and attitude to forest resource conservation in Cross River State. Research on humanities and social sciences 4, 82-86.
  • Ünal, H. E., Birben, Ü., 2017. Küresel orman kaynaklarının durumu ve eğilimlerdeki değişimler: 1990-2015 dönemi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 167-182.
  • Van Fleet, T.E., Kittredge, D.B., Butler, B.J., Catanzaro, P.F., 2012. Reimagining family forest conservation: Estimating landowner awareness and their preparedness to act with the Conservation Awareness Index. Journal of Forestry, 110, 207-215.
  • Wekesa, I.W., 2017. Examining the role of community participation in forest management and conservation in Kimothon Forest, Trans nzoia County, Kenya. In. Thesis for the degree of master’s in public administration of the University.
  • White, A., Martin, A., 2002. Who owns the world's forests? Forest tenure and public forests in transition. Forest Trends; Center for International Environmental Law, Washington, D.C.
  • Williams, A., Shackleton, C.M., 2002. Fuel wood use in South Africa: Where to in the 21st Century? Southern African Forestry Journal, 196, 1-7.
  • Yin, R., Zulu, L., Qi, J., Freudenberger, M., Sommerville, M., 2016. Empirical linkages between devolved tenure systems and forest conditions: Challenges, findings, and recommendations. Forest Policy and Economics, 73, 294-299.
  • Zelezny, L.C., Chua, P.-P., Aldrich, C., 2000. New ways of thinking about environmentalism: elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism. Journal of Social Issues 56, 443-45.

Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 95 - 106, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.959223

Abstract

Public perception of the forest is fundamental in determining how forests will be managed, protected, or improved. Thus, this paper examines the forest-people relations and conservation awareness of people living in or adjacent to the forest that dependent on forest resources in 6 villages within the boundaries of three different Forest Sub-district Directorates of the Kastamonu Regional Directorates of Forestry. Statistical analysis as independent t-test mean scores by gender awareness, ANOVA level of awareness by ages, ANOVA level of awareness based on education levels were used for data analysis. It is revealed with an independent-samples t-test that there is a significant difference in the scores for effect tree cutting on deforestation; perception of the forest; the importance of forest resources in terms of income generation; and awareness of rights for male and female conditions. We used One Way ANOVA for determining if a significant difference in means scores on the dependent variable exist across two or more groups. Accordingly, there is a significant effect of age groups on at the p<0.05 level for the awareness of rights, soil erosion on deforestation, and positive contribution of laws to forest protection. Also, there is a significant effect of education level groups on at the p<0.05 level for the effect of logging on deforestation and effect of soil erosion on deforestation.

References

  • Adhikari, B., Di Falco, S., Lovett, J.C., 2004. Household characteristics and forest dependency: evidence from common property forest management in Nepal. Ecological Economics 48, 245-257.
  • Alkan, S., Toksoy, D., 2008. Orman köylerinde sosyo-ekonomik yapı: Trabzon ili örneği. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 37-46.
  • Alkan, S., 2014. Kırsal nüfusun değişiminin, ormanlar ve ormancılık üzerine etkileri (Trabzon ili örneği). Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 69-78.
  • Bahuguna, V.K., 2000. Forests in the economy of the rural poor: an estimation of the dependency level. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 29, 126-129.
  • Baş, T., 2008. Anket: Anket nasıl hazırlanır?, Anket nasıl uygulanır?, Anket nasıl değerlendirilir? Seçkin yayıncılık. Ankara.
  • Beckley, T.M., 1998. The nestedness of forest dependence: a conceptual framework and empirical exploration. Society & Natural Resources 11, 101-120.
  • Best, C., Wayburn, L.A., 2013. America's Private Forests: Status and Stewardship. Island Press. Birben, Ü., Güneş, Y. 2015. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde orman mülkiyeti. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1 (1-2), 22-32.
  • Birben, Ü., Ünal, H.E., Karaca, A., 2018. Orman kaynaklarına ilişkin toplumsal algının incelenmesi (Çankırı kent merkezi örneği). Turkish Journal of Forestry, 19 (1), 76-82. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.394139.
  • Boone, H.N., Boone, D.A., 2012. Analyzing likert data. Journal of Extension 50, 1-5.
  • Carifio, J., Perla, R., 2008. Resolving the 50‐year debate around using and misusing likert scales. Medical education 42, 1150-1152.
  • Chandra, D.K., Kanti, D.M., 2018. Forest dependency of peripheral communities: an empirical study in the fringe of Laokhowa and Burhachaporı wildlife sanctuaries in assam, India, Journal of Environmental Research and Development 12, 351-358.
  • Chao, S., 2012. Forest Peoples: Numbers Across the World, Forest Peoples Programme, Moreton-in-Marsh, UK. In, Retrieved on, p. 2017.
  • Coleman, E.A., 2011. Common property rights, adaptive capacity, and response to forest disturbance. Global Environmental Change 21, 855-865.
  • David, N.O., 2016. Factors influencing forest conservation projects in Trans Mara Sub-County, Narok County, Kenya. In. University of Nairobi.
  • De Winter, J.C., Dodou, D., 2010. Five-Point Likert Items: T-test versus Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. In, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation. Citeseer.
  • Deacon, R.T., 1999. Deforestation and ownership: evidence from historical accounts and contemporary data. Land Economics, 75, 341-359.
  • Dietz, T., Stern, P.C., Guagnano, G.A., 1998. Social structural and social psychological bases of environmental concern. Environment and behavior 30, 450-471.
  • Dolisca, F., McDaniel, J.M., Teeter, L.D., Jolly, C.M., 2007. Land tenure, population pressure, and deforestation in Haiti: the case of Forêt des Pins Reserve. Journal of Forest Economics 13, 277-289.
  • Erdönmez, C., Erol, S.Y., 2009. Orman toplum ilişkileri açısından tarihsel bir inceleme: Polonezköy örneği. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(15), 35-44.
  • Fikir, D., Tadesse, W., Gure, A., 2016. Economic contribution to local livelihoods and households dependency on dry land forest products in Hammer District, Southeastern Ethiopia. International Journal of Forestry Research 2016, 1-11.
  • Garekae, H., Thakadu, O.T., Lepetu, J., 2017. Socio-economic factors influencing household forest dependency in Chobe enclave, Botswana. Ecological Processes 6, 40.
  • Geray, U., 1989. Bir bölüm orman köylerinin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri (les caracterıstıques socıo-economıques d'une part des paysans forestıers). Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 39(2), 29-41.
  • Geray, U., 1993. Türkiye’de orman kaynakları yönetiminin geliştirilmesine ilişkin sorunlar. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 43(2), 15-30.
  • Glass, G.V., Peckham, P.D., Sanders, J.R., 1972. Consequences of failure to meet assumptions underlying the fixed effects analyses of variance and covariance. Review of Educational Research 42, 237-288.
  • Günşen, H.B., 2012. Orman köylerinde iç göçleri etkiyen faktörler (Bartın Kastamonu örneği). Doktora Tezi (yayınlanmamış). Bartın Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orman Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Bartın, 187s.
  • Günşen, H.B., Atmiş, E., 2015. İç göçlerin orman köylerinde ve ormancılık çalışmaları üzerindeki etkileri (effects of internal migration in forest villages and forestry). IV. Ormancılıkta Sosyoekonomik Sorunlar Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı (IV. Socioeconomic Problems in Forestry Congress Proceedings), p177-190.
  • Haddad, B.M., 2003. Property rights, ecosystem management, and John Locke's labor theory of ownership. Ecological Economics 46, 19-31.
  • Iizuka, M., 2016. Role of environmental awareness in achieving sustainable development.
  • Kaptein, M.C., Nass, C., Markopoulos, P., 2010. Powerful and consistent analysis of Likert-type rating scales. In, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2391-2394.
  • Kennedy, J.J., Thomas, J.W., Glueck, P., 2001. Evolving forestry and rural development beliefs at midpoint and close of the 20th century. Forest Policy and Economics 3, 81-95.
  • Koech, C., Ongugo, P., Mbuvi, M., Maua, J., 2009. Community forest associations in Kenya: challenges and opportunities. Kenya Forestry Research Institute.
  • Koyuncu, C., Yilmaz, R., 2011. Deforestation, corruption, and private ownership in the forest sector. Quality & Quantity 47, 227-236.
  • Liscow, Z.D., 2013. Do property rights promote investment but cause deforestation? Quasi-experimental evidence from Nicaragua. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 65, 241-261.
  • Liu, P., Yin, R., Li, H., 2016. China's forest tenure reform and institutional change at a crossroads. Forest Policy and Economics 72, 92-98.
  • Louis, C., Keith, M., Lawrence, M., 2000. Research Methods in Education 5th Edition. In. New York.
  • Mamo, G., Sjaastad, E., Vedeld, P., 2007. Economic dependence on forest resources: A case from Dendi District, Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics 9, 916-927.
  • Martin, M., 2011. Reforming Forest Tenure: Issues, Principles and Process. FAO, Rome.
  • Mayer, A.L., Tikka, P.M., 2006. Biodiversity conservation incentive programs for privately owned forests. Environmental Science and Policy 9, 614-625.
  • Mbuvi, D.T., 2011. Youth Entrepreneurial Activities and Forest Conservation: a case study of Youth Groups in Kakamega Forest Area of Kenya. In. University of Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Meinzen-Dick, R., 2014. Property rights and sustainable irrigation: A developing country perspective. Agricultural Water Management 145, 23-31.
  • Meinzen-Dick, R.S., Brown, L.E., Feldstein, H.S., Quisumbing, A.R., 1997. Gender, property rights, and natural resources. World development 25, 1303-1315.
  • Munasinghe, M., 1993. Environmental Economics and Biodiversity Management in Developing Countries. Ambio 22, 126-135.
  • Obonyo, E., Mogoi, J., Ongugo, P., 2008. Property rights and forest management: Whose reality counts? In. KEFRI, Kenya, p. 3.
  • Oliver, P., 2004. Developing effective partnerships in natural resource management. Social Innovations In Natural Resource Management, 58-60.
  • Orimaye, O., Olumide Odunayo, O., J.N, O., 2015. Conservation awareness among Secondary School Students around Ise Forest Reserve, Ekiti State. In, 5th Conference of Nigeria Tropical Biology Association, Nigeria.
  • Owubah, C.E., Le Master, D.C., Bowker, J.M., Lee, J.G., 2001. Forest tenure systems and sustainable forest management: the case of Ghana. Forest Ecology and Management, 149, 253-264.
  • Pearce, D.W., Warford, J.J., 1993. World without end: economics, environment, and sustainable development. Oxford University Press.
  • Preston, C.C., Colman, A.M., 2000. Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta Psychologica 104, 1-15.
  • Rodgers, C., 2009. Property rights, land use and the rural environment: A case for reform. Land Use Policy 26, S134-S141.
  • Šálka, J., Dobšinská, Z., Hricová, Z., 2016. Factors of political power — The example of forest owners associations in Slovakia. Forest Policy and Economics 68, 88-98.
  • Sandberg, A., 2007. Property rights and ecosystem properties. Land Use Policy 24, 613-623.
  • Sapkota, I.P., Odén, P.C., 2008. Household characteristics and dependency on community forests in Terai of Nepal. International journal of social forestry, 1, 123-144.
  • Shackleton, C.M., Shackleton, S.E., Buiten, E., Bird, N., 2007. The importance of dry woodlands and forests in rural livelihoods and poverty alleviation in South Africa. Forest Policy and Economics 9, 558-577.
  • Siry, J.P., Cubbage, F.W., Ahmed, M.R., 2005. Sustainable forest management: global trends and opportunities. Forest policy and Economics, 7, 551-561.
  • Somsoulivong, B., 2016. Forest resources dependency of the rural community: A case study in Bokeo province, Lao PDR. In. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA).
  • Sotirov, M., Blum, M., Storch, S., Selter, A., Schraml, U., 2017. Do forest policy actors learn through forward-thinking? Conflict and cooperation relating to the past, present and futures of sustainable forest management in Germany. Forest Policy and Economics 85, 256-268.
  • Şen, G., Toksoy, D., 2006. Türkiye’de nüfus orman ilişkisi. Ormancılıkta Sosyo-Ekonomik Sorunlar Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 26-28 Mayıs 2006. Ilgaz-Çankırı, s:108-117.
  • Solmaz, E. 2007. Orman köylülerinin kalkınmasına yönelik uygulanan politikaların yoksulluk düzeyi ve orman kaynaklarının kullanımına etkisi Muğla örneği. Doktora Tezi, Muğla Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Muğla, 257s.
  • Talu, O., 1944. Orman Hükümleri, 246 s, A.R. İncealemdaroğlu Matbaası, Zonguldak.
  • TOD. 2019. Türkiye Ormancılığı 2019 (Vol. 47). Türkiye Ormancılar Derneği. Ankara.
  • Tokmanoğlu, T. 1974. Düzenli ormancılık yönünden orman köy ilişkilerinin doğurduğu sorunlar ve çözüm yolları. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 113-118.
  • Toksoy, D., Ayaz, H., Şen, G., Özden, S. 2005. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde orman-köylü ilişkileri. Kafkas Üniversitesi, Artvin Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (1-2), 79-85.
  • Tolunay, A., Korkmaz, M. 2005. Orman köylülerinin orman kaynaklarından yararlanma haklarının tarihsel gelişimi. I. Çevre ve Ormancılık Şurası, 22-24 Mart 2005, s.1559-1566, Antalya.
  • Ukwetang, J.O., Otu, J.E., Neji, H.A., 2014. Assessing the influence of gender awareness and attitude to forest resource conservation in Cross River State. Research on humanities and social sciences 4, 82-86.
  • Ünal, H. E., Birben, Ü., 2017. Küresel orman kaynaklarının durumu ve eğilimlerdeki değişimler: 1990-2015 dönemi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 167-182.
  • Van Fleet, T.E., Kittredge, D.B., Butler, B.J., Catanzaro, P.F., 2012. Reimagining family forest conservation: Estimating landowner awareness and their preparedness to act with the Conservation Awareness Index. Journal of Forestry, 110, 207-215.
  • Wekesa, I.W., 2017. Examining the role of community participation in forest management and conservation in Kimothon Forest, Trans nzoia County, Kenya. In. Thesis for the degree of master’s in public administration of the University.
  • White, A., Martin, A., 2002. Who owns the world's forests? Forest tenure and public forests in transition. Forest Trends; Center for International Environmental Law, Washington, D.C.
  • Williams, A., Shackleton, C.M., 2002. Fuel wood use in South Africa: Where to in the 21st Century? Southern African Forestry Journal, 196, 1-7.
  • Yin, R., Zulu, L., Qi, J., Freudenberger, M., Sommerville, M., 2016. Empirical linkages between devolved tenure systems and forest conditions: Challenges, findings, and recommendations. Forest Policy and Economics, 73, 294-299.
  • Zelezny, L.C., Chua, P.-P., Aldrich, C., 2000. New ways of thinking about environmentalism: elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism. Journal of Social Issues 56, 443-45.
There are 71 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hasan Emre Ünal 0000-0001-6406-3279

Üstüner Birben 0000-0002-3042-220X

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Submission Date June 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ünal, H. E., & Birben, Ü. (2021). Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.959223
AMA Ünal HE, Birben Ü. Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province. AJFR. December 2021;7(2):95-106. doi:10.53516/ajfr.959223
Chicago Ünal, Hasan Emre, and Üstüner Birben. “Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 7, no. 2 (December 2021): 95-106. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.959223.
EndNote Ünal HE, Birben Ü (December 1, 2021) Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 7 2 95–106.
IEEE H. E. Ünal and Ü. Birben, “Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province”, AJFR, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 95–106, 2021, doi: 10.53516/ajfr.959223.
ISNAD Ünal, Hasan Emre - Birben, Üstüner. “Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/2 (December 2021), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.959223.
JAMA Ünal HE, Birben Ü. Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province. AJFR. 2021;7:95–106.
MLA Ünal, Hasan Emre and Üstüner Birben. “Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, 2021, pp. 95-106, doi:10.53516/ajfr.959223.
Vancouver Ünal HE, Birben Ü. Public Perception of Forest in Forest Villages: The Case of Hanönü Forest District Directorate in Kastamonu Province. AJFR. 2021;7(2):95-106.