Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Milk Samples Produced in the Northern Part of Cyprus

Year 2023, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 132 - 140, 29.08.2023

Cengiz Bereket Gözde Girgin , Gönül Şahin

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1350944

Abstract

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is formed in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes and can be secreted into the urine, feces, and milk of mammals. AFM1 is a carcinogenic, cytotoxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic agent that poses a significant health risk to both humans and animals. This study was conducted to determine the presence of AFM1 in both raw and ultra-high temperature (UHT) cow’s milk samples produced in the northern part of Cyprus, and to determine whether it poses a risk to public health. In this survey, a total of 20 UHT cow’s milk samples from 2 different milk brands produced in the northern part of Cyprus, and 22 raw cow’s milk samples collected from the different dairies were analyzed for the presence of AFM1 by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector after immunoaffinity cleanup. AFM1 could not be detected in any of the analyzed raw and UHT cow milk samples. The LOD and LOQ values of the HPLC-FLD method were 1.038 μg/kg and 3.145 μg/kg, respectively. The mean recovery and repeatability values of the method were 95.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Although the presence of AFM1 in milk samples produced in the northern part of Cyprus poses no major risk to public health, more milk samples and animal feed must be monitored on a regular basis to decrease potential consumer exposure.

Keywords

Mycotoxin, Aflatoxin M1, Milk, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Thanks

We thank Prof. Dr. Muberra Kosar for her support and assistance in the usage of the HPLC-system.

Kıbrıs’ın Kuzeyinde Üretilen Süt Örneklerinde Aflatoksin M1 Düzeyleri

Abstract

Aflatoksin M1 (AFM1), sitokrom P450 enzimleri tarafından karaciğerde oluşan ve memelilerin idrar, dışkı ve sütüne salgılanabilen, aflatoksin B1 (AFB1)’in hidroksillenmiş metabolitidir. AFM1 karsinojenik, sitotoksik, teratojenik, mutajenik ve genotoksik bir ajan olduğundan hem insanlar hem de hayvanlar üzerinde önemli sağlık riskleri teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Kıbrıs’ın kuzeyinde üretilen çiğ ve ultra yüksek ısı (UHT) inek sütü örneklerinde AFM1 varlığını tespit etmek ve halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturup oluşturmadığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Kıbrıs’ın kuzeyinde üretilen 2 süt markasından toplam 20 UHT inek sütü ve farklı mandıralardan toplanmış 22 adet çiğ inek sütü örneği, immünoaffinite kolon temizlemesinden sonra floresans dedektörlü yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) ile AFM1 varlığı yönünden analiz edilmiştir. Analiz edilen çiğ ve UHT inek sütü örneklerinin hiçbirinde AFM1 tespit edilebilecek düzeyde bulunamamıştır. HPLC-FLD yönteminin LOD ve LOQ değerleri sırasıyla 1.038 μg/kg ve 3.145 μg/kg idi. Yöntemin ortalama geri kazanım ve tekrarlanabilirlik değerleri sırasıyla, %95.6 ve %4.9 olarak bulunmuştur. Kıbrıs’ın kuzeyinde üretilen süt örneklerindeki AFM1 içeriği, halk sağlığı açısından önemli bir risk teşkil etmese de daha fazla sayıda süt örneğinin ve hayvan yeminin sürekli takibi, olası tüketici maruziyetini azaltmak için gereklidir.

Keywords

Mikotoksin, Aflatoksin M1, Süt, Yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC)

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