CLİMATE CHANGE AND THE GULF: REPERCUSSİONS, ACTİONS, AND COMPETİTİON

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 23, 381 - 398, 31.12.2023

Mehmet Rakipoğlu

https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1346885

Cited By: 1

Öz

Traditionally, Gulf countries are widely known as rentier states. Their economic structures depend on the income from fossil fuels such as oil and gas. These revenues obtained through natural resources directly influence politics. For example, by exploiting natural sources, Gulf countries designed their foreign and economic politics. But climate change forced Gulf countries to transform their policies since it emerged with problems such as increased temperatures. This directly negatively affected Gulf countries’ traditional positioning regarding foreign and economic policies. In addition, it has been revealed that the oil and gas-based economies are in danger since these sources are about the end. This process altered the Gulf countries’ economic politics. This paper seeks to analyze how climate change transformed the geopolitics in the Gulf. The paper argues that Gulf countries started to change their foreign policies by diversifying actors. Moreover, they are more eager to increase their income alternatives. For example, they launch visions encouraging investment in sports, music, and modern cultural events. Further, to preserve relations with Western countries, which are sensitive to climate change, Gulf countries began to give more importance to activities such as renewable energy, nuclear energy, and mineral exploration. In this regard, competition has risen within the Gulf. Riyadh, Abu Dhabi, and Doha administrations contest in several fields, such as becoming a trade hub and leading the regional order by increasing soft power.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gulf, Climate Change, Competition

İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE KÖRFEZ: ETKİLER, EYLEMLER VE REKABET

Öz

Geleneksel olarak, Körfez ülkeleri rantiyer devletler olarak bilinir. Bu ülkelerin ekonomik yapıları, petrol ve gaz gibi fosil yakıtlardan elde edilen gelire bağlıdır. Doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen bu gelirler, siyaseti doğrudan etkilemektedir. Örneğin Körfez ülkeleri doğal kaynakları kullanarak dış ve ekonomik politikalarını şekillendirmektedir. Ancak iklim değişikliği sıcaklık artışı gibi sorunlarla ortaya çıktığı için Körfez ülkelerinin politikalarını dönüştürmeye zorlamıştır. Bu durum Körfez ülkelerinin dış ve ekonomi politikaları açısından geleneksel konumlarını doğrudan olumsuz etkilemiştir. Ayrıca petrol ve doğalgaza dayalı ekonomilerin de tehlikede olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Nitekim bu kaynakların sona erdiğine dair raporlar yayımlanmıştır. Bu süreç Körfez ülkelerinin ekonomi politikalarını değiştirmiştir. Bu makale, iklim değişikliğinin Körfez’deki jeopolitiği nasıl değiştirdiğini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale, Körfez ülkelerinin aktör çeşitlendirerek politikalarını değiştirmeye başladığını öne sürmektedir. Ayrıca bu süreç, Körfez ülkelerini gelir alternatiflerini artırma konusunda daha istekli hale getirmiştir. Bu anlamda Körfez ülkeleri spora, müziğe ve modern kültürel etkinliklere yatırımı teşvik eden vizyonlar ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, iklim değişikliğine duyarlı Batılı ülkelerle ilişkileri korumak için Körfez ülkeleri yenilenebilir enerji, nükleer enerji, maden arama gibi faaliyetlere daha fazla önem vermeye başlamıştır. Bu konuda Körfez’de rekabet artmıştır. Riyad, Abu Dabi ve Doha yönetimleri ticaret merkezi olma ve yumuşak gücü artırarak bölgesel düzene liderlik etme gibi birçok alanda yarışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim Değişikliği, Körfez, Rekabet

Kaynakça

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