Büyük Veri ve Gazetecilik: Veri Gazeteciliği Demokrasi, Katılım ve Gazeteciliğe Dair Anlayışımızı Nasıl Dönüştürebilir?

Year 2018, Issue: 30, 322 - 344, 28.12.2018

Özlem Erkmen

https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.464511

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Birbiriyle iletişimdeki akıllı cihazlarla sürekli
etkileşimde olduğumuz günümüzde, herkes düzenli olarak veri üretmektedir.
Gündelik hayatın verileşmesi yönetim ve toplumsal yaşama dair normlarımızı
dönüştürürken; daha önce görülmemiş miktardaki bu verinin gündelik pratiklere
yarar sağlayacak şekilde nasıl kullanılacağı sorgulanmaktadır. Yurttaşlar
günlerini veri selinde boğulmadan düzenleyebilmek; gazetecilerse veriyi
haberlerinde kullanmak için yeni teknolojilerin sunduğu fırsatları
değerlendirmek için yeni araçlara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ham veriyi işleyerek
sıradan okuyucu için anlamlı birşeye dönüştürmek gerekliliği, gazetecilik
mesleğinde yeni bir alan olarak veri gazeteciliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Veri
gazeteciliği kavramını 2010 tarihli WikiLeaks sızıntısına borçluyuz. ABD ve
Avrupa’da konuya yönelik akademik ilgi, WikiLeaks’le eş zamanlı başlar ve
kavramı teknolojik gelişme ve dijitalleşme kadar; ifade özgürlüğü, şeffaflık ve
demokrasiyle ilişkilendiren geniş bir literatür mevcuttur. Ancak Türkiye’de
konuya yönelik profesyonel ve akademik ilgi hala başlangıç aşamasındadır.

Gazeteciliğin veriye-dayalı süreçlerle dönüştürülmesi, şu
açılardan önemli görülmektedir:

1.  Derinlemesine
inceleme olanağı, medyanın dördüncü güç işlevini pekiştirir, yönetimlerin hesap
sorulabilirliğini arttırır.

2.  İlgili
kurumlar üzerinde şeffaflaşma yönünde baskı unsuru oluşturur, hatalı
uygulamaları ortaya çıkararak kamu yararı sağlar.

3.  Veriye
dayandırmak, haberin nesnelliğini arttırarak okuyucuların medyaya yönelik
güvenini tazeler.

4.  Yurttaşların
enformasyonun üretimine ve demokratik süreçlere katılımını arttırır.

Çalışmada, veri gazeteciliği yukarıda bahsedilen
boyutlarıyla ele alınmakta, demokrasi ve katılıma dair anlayışımızı nasıl
dönüştürebileceği tartışılmaktadır.

Veri gazeteciliği ile ilgili mevcut literatürün taranmasına
odaklanan çalışma ayrıca, mahremiyet, kişisel verilerin korunması, unutulma
hakkı, doğrulama, enformasyon akışına aşağıdan-yukarıya yön verilmesi ve veri
okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesi gibi, veri gazeteciliğin dönüştürücü işlevini
zayıflatabilecek etik ve teknik sorunlara da değinmektedir. Türkçe’de yeni gelişmekte
olan bu alandaki kuramsal tartışmayı besleyecek bir başlangıç çalışması olma
amacındadır.

Keywords

veri gazeteciliği, açık veri, demokrasi, katılım, hesap verebilirlik, şeffaflaşma

Big Data and Journalism: How Data Journalism Can Transform Our Understanding of Democracy, Participation and Journalism?

Abstract

Today, due to the interaction with smart devices, every
single person contribute regularly to the production of data. The Internet of
Things and the datafication of everyday life, deeply transforms our norms on
governance and social life. The question is to be able to use this bulk data in
order to add value to our daily routines. While citizens face the challenge of
organizing their day without being lost into it, journalists must adapt
themselves to new technological opportunities to adopt it in newsmaking. These
challenges brought into life a new understanding of doing journalism:
data-driven journalism.

We owe this term to WikiLeaks 2010. Academic interest on
the subject starts nearly simultaneously to the leak. There is a rich
literature discussing its connection to technology and digitization, as well as
to freedom of expression, transparency and democracy. However, professional and
scholar work on data journalism is still in a nascent condition in Turkey.

The transformation of journalism with data-driven processes
may contribute to:

1.     the
accountability of governments by allowing journalists to investigate deeper

2.     the
transparency of public institutions by oppressing them to share data on their
activities

3.    the
objectivity of news stories by strengthening the journalistic autonomy from
news sources

4.     citizen
participation to democratic processes.

The manuscript, mainly a theoretical contribution to the
emerging discussion in Turkish, consists of a literature review on data
journalism and focus on the above-mentioned dimensions of the practice with its
relation to democratization. Some ethical and technical challenges to the
democratizing function of data journalism are also highlightened.

Keywords

data journalism, open data, democracy, participation, accountability, transparency

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