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Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Halkla İlişkiler Eğitiminde Dijitalleşme

Year 2021, Issue: 36, 326 - 349, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.988597

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı; halkla ilişkiler eğitiminde dijitalleşme sürecine yönelik bilim dalı öğretim üyelerinin görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmak ve böylelikle halkla ilişkiler eğitimi için dijitalleşmenin zorunlu kıldığı gereklilikleri belirlemektir. Nitel bir araştırma deseni olan görüşme tekniğinin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada eğitimde dijitalleşmeye yönelik kurumsal alt yapı çalışmaları, dijital eğitim modelleri, 21. yüzyıl beceri, yeterlik ve temalarına ilişkin yedi adet yapılandırılmış görüşme sorusu 12 katılımcıya yöneltilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre katılımcıların halkla ilişkiler eğitiminde dijitalleşme sürecinde kurumsal alt yapı çalışmalarına ilişkin görüşleri çoğunlukla olumludur. Katılımcıların halkla ilişkiler eğitiminde dijitalleşme sürecinde başarılı/verimli olacağını ifade ettikleri dijital eğitim modelleri harmanlanmış ile ters-yüz edilmiş eğitim modelidir. Katılımcılara göre halkla ilişkiler eğitiminde dijitalleşme sürecinde akademisyenlerin ve öğrencilerin sahip olması gereken yaşam ve kariyer becerisi; esneklik ve uyumdur. Öğrenme ve yenilenme becerileri; yaratıcılık ve inovasyon, eleştirel düşünme ve problem çözme, iletişim ve iş birliğidir. Bilgi, medya ve teknoloji becerileri ise; bilgi okuryazarlığı, medya okuryazarlığı, bilişim teknolojileri okuryazarlığıdır. Katılımcıların, 21. yüzyıl temaları ile akademisyen-öğrenci yeterliklerine yönelik literatürde ifade edildiği şekliyle bir bilgi sahibi olmadıkları anlaşılmakla birlikte, temalara ilişkin küresel farkındalık, dünya, sağlık, çevre/doğa, ekonomi/finans gibi hususların önemli olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Yeterliliklere ilişkin olarak da yaşam ve kariyer, öğrenme ve yenilenme, bilgi, medya ve teknolojileri becerileri kapsamında görüşler beyan edildiği tespit edilmiştir.

References

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  • Alkan Meshur, H. F., & Bala, H. A. (2015). Distance learning in architecture/planning education: A case study in the faculty of architecture at Selcuk University. P. O. Pablos, R. D. Tennyson, & M. D. Lytras (Dü) içinde, Assessing the role of mobile technologies and distance learning in higher education (s. 1-28). Hershey PA: IGI Global.
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  • Aronson, M., Spetner, D., & Ames, C. (2007). The public relations writer's handbook: The digital age. (2 b.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
  • Banaszak, R. A. (1987). The nature of economic literacy. ERIC Digest No: 41.
  • Beers, S. Z. (2011). Teaching 21st century skills: An ASCD action tools. ASCD.
  • Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., & Rumble, M. (2010). Draft white paper-1defining 21st century skills. ATCS.
  • Brown, R. (2009). Public relations and the social web how to use social media and web 2.0 in communications. London&Philadelphia: Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2015). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. (M. Bütün, & S. B. Demir, Çev.) Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
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  • Dorothy, J. S., Demiray, U., Sharma, R. C., & Kumar, A. (2009). Ethics in the ambit of distance education. U. Demiray, & R. C. Sharma (Dü) içinde, Ethical practices and implications in distance learning. (s. 36-49). Hershey New York: IGI Global.
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  • ETS-Educational Testing Service. (2002). Digital transformation a framework for ICT literacy. A Report of the International ICT Literacy Panel.
  • Geisinger, K. F. (2016). 21st century skills: What are they and how do we assess them? Applied measurement in education, 29(4), 245-249.
  • Goad, T. W. (2002). Information literacy and workplace performance. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Grand-Clement, S. (2017). Digital learning education and skills in the digital age. RAND Europe.
  • Greenhill, V. (2010). 21st century knowledge and skills in educator preparation. Partnership for 21 st Century Skills. AACTE.
  • Hallahan, K. (2004). Protecting an organization's digital public relations assets. Public Relations Review, 30(3), 255-268.
  • Heath, R. L. (2005). Encyclopedia of public relations volume 2. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc.
  • Hoechsmann, M., & Poyntz, S. R. (2012). Media literacies: A critical introduction. John Wiley&Sons.
  • hotComm. (2003). Synchronous tools and the emerging online learning model. 01 22, 2020 tarihinde http:// www.hotcomm.com/tec/dlwp.pdf adresinden alındı
  • ISTE. (2017a). International society for technology in education, standards for educators explore the educator standards. 10 23, 2020 tarihinde https://www.iste.org/standards/for-educators adresinden alındı
  • ISTE. (2017b). International society for technology in education, standards for students explore the students standards. 10 23, 2020 tarihinde https://www.iste.org/standards/for-students adresinden alındı
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi kavramlar ilkeler teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kinsky, E. S., Freberg, K., Kim, C., Kushin, M., & Ward, W. (2016). Hootsuite University: Equipping academics and future PR professionals for social media success. Journal of Public Relations Education, 2(1), 1-18.
  • Kivunja, C. (2015). Teaching students to learn and to work well with 21st century skills: Unpacking the career and life skills domain of the new learning paradigm. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(1), 1-11.
  • Koçyiğit, M. (2017). Dijital halkla ilişkiler ve online kurumsal itibar yönetimi. Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Koenig, J. A. (2011). Assessing 21st century skills: Summary of a workshop. Washington: D. C.: National Academies Press.
  • Lai, E. R., & Viering, M. (2012). Assessing 21st century skills: Integrating research findings. Vancouver B. C.: National Council on Measurement in Education.
  • Meganck, S., Smith, J., & Guidry, J. P. (2020). The skills required for entry-level public relations: An analysis of skills required in 1,000 PR job ads. Public Relations Review, 46(5).
  • Milligan, K. (2006). Using information and communication technology in the workplace. Australian Research Alliance for Children&Youth.
  • Mulyana, A. T., Rasyid, Y., & Zuriyati, Z. (2019). Material development in Indonesian language teaching as general course based on the century learning paradigm in career and life skills (CLS) aspect. Advances in Social Science Education and Humanities Research, 306, 291-296.
  • Oanea, D. C., & Dornean, A. (2012). Defining and measuring financial literacy: New evidence from Romanian students of the master in finance. Scientific Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi Economic Sciences, 59(2), 113-129.
  • Özarslan, Z. (2019). Türkiye’de lisans düzeyindeki yeni medya eğitimi ve sektör beklentileri üzerine bir değerlendirme. Moment Dergi, 6(1), 150-175.
  • Özçağlayan, M. (1998). Yeni iletişim teknolojileri ve değişim. İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • P21. (2019a). Partnership for 21st century learning a network of battelleforkids framework for 21st century learning. 10 22, 2020 tarihinde http://static.battelleforkids.org/documents/p21/P21_Framework_Brief.pdf adresinden alındı
  • P21. (2019b). Partnership for 21st century learning a network of battelleforkids framework for 21st century learning definitions. 10 22, 2020 tarihinde http://static.battelleforkids.org/documents/p21/P21_Framework_DefinitionsBFK.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Page, J. T., & Parnell, L. J. (2019). Introduction to strategic public relations: Digital, global, and socially responsible communication. SAGE Publications.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research&evaluation methods. Sage Publications.
  • Peltekoğlu, F. B. (2016). Halkla ilişkiler nedir? (9. b.). İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Pickhardt, C. E. (2008). The future of your only child: How to guide your child to a happy and successful life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reidsema, C., Hadgraft, R., & Kavanagh, L. (2017). Introduction to the flipped classroom. C. Reidsema, L. Kavanagh, R. Hadgraft, & N. Smith (Dü) içinde, The flipped classroom practice and practices in higher education (s. 3-14). Singapore: Springer.
  • Scholz, R. W. (2011). Environmental literacy in science and society; from knowledge to decisions. Cambridge University Press.
  • Schuerholz-Lehr, S. (2007). Teaching for global literacy in higher education: How prepared are the educators? Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(2), 180-204.
  • Seggie, F. N., & Yıldırmış, M. A. (2015). Nitel araştırmaların desenlenmesi. F. N. Seggie, & Y. Bayyurt (Dü) içinde, Nitel araştırma yöntem, teknik, analiz ve yaklaşımları (s. 23-35). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Seitel, F. P. (2017). The practice of public relations. England: Pearson Education.
  • Şardağı, E., & Öztürk, M. C. (2019). Halkla ilişkiler eğitiminde dijitalleşme: Türkiye ve ABD’de bulunan üniversitelerdeki halkla ilişkiler programlarının karşılaştırılması. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi (1), 125-142.
  • Tench, R., & Laville, L. (2014). Role of the public relations practitioner. R. Tench, & L. Yeomans (Dü) içinde, Exploring public relations (s. 83-120). Pearson Education.
  • Tench, R., & Moreno, A. (2015). Mapping communication management competencies for european practitioners: ECOPSI an EU study. Journal of Communication Management, 19(1), 39-61.
  • Tench, R., Zerfass, A., Verhoeven, P., Verčič, D., Moreno, A., & Okay, A. (2013b). Communication management competencies for european practitioners. Leeds, UK: Leeds Metropolitan University.
  • Tench, R., Zerfass, A., Verhoeven, P., Verčič,, D., Moreno, A., & Okay, A. (2013a). Competencies and role requirements of communication professionals in Europe. Insights from quantitative and qualitative studies. ECOPSI Research Report. Leeds, UK: Leeds Metropolitan University.
  • Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills learning for life in our times. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
  • Vieira Jr, E. T., & Grantham, S. (2015). Determining factors leading to strategic management PR practitioner roles. Public Relations Review, 41(4), 544-550.
  • Viswanathan, M., Gajendiran, S., & Venkatesan, R. (2008). Understanding and enabling marketplace literacy in subsistence context: The development of a consumer and entrepreneurial literacy educational program in South India. International Journal of Educational Development, 28(3), 300-319.
  • Wagner, T. (2008). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don't teach the new survival skills our children need-and what we can do about it. New York: Basic Books.
  • Watson, J. (2008). Blended learning: The convergence of online and face-to-face education. North American Council for Online Learning.
  • WHO-World Health Organization. (2013). Health literacy: The solid facts. WHO Regional Office for Europe.
  • Wilcox, D. L., Cameron, G. T., & Reber, B. H. (2015). Public relations: Strategies and tactics. Pearson Education.
  • World Economic Forum. (2020). What are the 21st century skills every student needs? Top 10 skills in 2020. 10 23, 2020 tarihinde https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/21st-century-skills-future-jobs-students/ adresinden alındı
  • Zarcadoolas, C., Pleasant, A., & Greer, D. S. (2005). Understanding health literacy: An expanded model. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 195-203.
Year 2021, Issue: 36, 326 - 349, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.988597

Abstract

References

  • ACRL-Association of College&Research Libraries. (2015). Framework for information literacy for higher education. Chicago: Amerikan Library Associaton.
  • Alkan Meshur, H. F., & Bala, H. A. (2015). Distance learning in architecture/planning education: A case study in the faculty of architecture at Selcuk University. P. O. Pablos, R. D. Tennyson, & M. D. Lytras (Dü) içinde, Assessing the role of mobile technologies and distance learning in higher education (s. 1-28). Hershey PA: IGI Global.
  • Altany, A. (2009). Distance learning and the scholarship of teaching and learning. P. Rogers, G. Berg, J. Boettcher, C. Howard, L. Justice, & K. Schenk (Dü) içinde, Encyclopedia of distance learning (s. 690-694). Hershey New York: IGI Global.
  • Ananiadou, K., & Claro, M. (2009). 21st century skills and competences for new millennium learners in OECD countries. OECD Education Working Papers No: 41.
  • Aronson, M., Spetner, D., & Ames, C. (2007). The public relations writer's handbook: The digital age. (2 b.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
  • Banaszak, R. A. (1987). The nature of economic literacy. ERIC Digest No: 41.
  • Beers, S. Z. (2011). Teaching 21st century skills: An ASCD action tools. ASCD.
  • Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., & Rumble, M. (2010). Draft white paper-1defining 21st century skills. ATCS.
  • Brown, R. (2009). Public relations and the social web how to use social media and web 2.0 in communications. London&Philadelphia: Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2015). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. (M. Bütün, & S. B. Demir, Çev.) Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Çakmak, V., Aslan, M. M., & Aktan, E. (2015). Halkla ilişkiler eğitiminde yeni bir yaklaşım: Ters-yüz sınıf sistemi. International Conference on Quality in Higher Education (ICQH), 173-182.
  • Dorothy, J. S., Demiray, U., Sharma, R. C., & Kumar, A. (2009). Ethics in the ambit of distance education. U. Demiray, & R. C. Sharma (Dü) içinde, Ethical practices and implications in distance learning. (s. 36-49). Hershey New York: IGI Global.
  • ecopsi. (2012). -European Communication Professional Skills and Innovation Programme- Work package 4 ECOPSI benchmarking preliminary report. 03 26, 2021 tarihinde http://www.ecopsi.org.uk/ http://www.ecopsi.org.uk/~/media/files/ecopsi/ECOPSI_Benchmark_Preliminary_Report_MY_9_2012.pdf adresinden alındı
  • ETS-Educational Testing Service. (2002). Digital transformation a framework for ICT literacy. A Report of the International ICT Literacy Panel.
  • Geisinger, K. F. (2016). 21st century skills: What are they and how do we assess them? Applied measurement in education, 29(4), 245-249.
  • Goad, T. W. (2002). Information literacy and workplace performance. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Grand-Clement, S. (2017). Digital learning education and skills in the digital age. RAND Europe.
  • Greenhill, V. (2010). 21st century knowledge and skills in educator preparation. Partnership for 21 st Century Skills. AACTE.
  • Hallahan, K. (2004). Protecting an organization's digital public relations assets. Public Relations Review, 30(3), 255-268.
  • Heath, R. L. (2005). Encyclopedia of public relations volume 2. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc.
  • Hoechsmann, M., & Poyntz, S. R. (2012). Media literacies: A critical introduction. John Wiley&Sons.
  • hotComm. (2003). Synchronous tools and the emerging online learning model. 01 22, 2020 tarihinde http:// www.hotcomm.com/tec/dlwp.pdf adresinden alındı
  • ISTE. (2017a). International society for technology in education, standards for educators explore the educator standards. 10 23, 2020 tarihinde https://www.iste.org/standards/for-educators adresinden alındı
  • ISTE. (2017b). International society for technology in education, standards for students explore the students standards. 10 23, 2020 tarihinde https://www.iste.org/standards/for-students adresinden alındı
  • Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi kavramlar ilkeler teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Kinsky, E. S., Freberg, K., Kim, C., Kushin, M., & Ward, W. (2016). Hootsuite University: Equipping academics and future PR professionals for social media success. Journal of Public Relations Education, 2(1), 1-18.
  • Kivunja, C. (2015). Teaching students to learn and to work well with 21st century skills: Unpacking the career and life skills domain of the new learning paradigm. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(1), 1-11.
  • Koçyiğit, M. (2017). Dijital halkla ilişkiler ve online kurumsal itibar yönetimi. Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Koenig, J. A. (2011). Assessing 21st century skills: Summary of a workshop. Washington: D. C.: National Academies Press.
  • Lai, E. R., & Viering, M. (2012). Assessing 21st century skills: Integrating research findings. Vancouver B. C.: National Council on Measurement in Education.
  • Meganck, S., Smith, J., & Guidry, J. P. (2020). The skills required for entry-level public relations: An analysis of skills required in 1,000 PR job ads. Public Relations Review, 46(5).
  • Milligan, K. (2006). Using information and communication technology in the workplace. Australian Research Alliance for Children&Youth.
  • Mulyana, A. T., Rasyid, Y., & Zuriyati, Z. (2019). Material development in Indonesian language teaching as general course based on the century learning paradigm in career and life skills (CLS) aspect. Advances in Social Science Education and Humanities Research, 306, 291-296.
  • Oanea, D. C., & Dornean, A. (2012). Defining and measuring financial literacy: New evidence from Romanian students of the master in finance. Scientific Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi Economic Sciences, 59(2), 113-129.
  • Özarslan, Z. (2019). Türkiye’de lisans düzeyindeki yeni medya eğitimi ve sektör beklentileri üzerine bir değerlendirme. Moment Dergi, 6(1), 150-175.
  • Özçağlayan, M. (1998). Yeni iletişim teknolojileri ve değişim. İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • P21. (2019a). Partnership for 21st century learning a network of battelleforkids framework for 21st century learning. 10 22, 2020 tarihinde http://static.battelleforkids.org/documents/p21/P21_Framework_Brief.pdf adresinden alındı
  • P21. (2019b). Partnership for 21st century learning a network of battelleforkids framework for 21st century learning definitions. 10 22, 2020 tarihinde http://static.battelleforkids.org/documents/p21/P21_Framework_DefinitionsBFK.pdf adresinden alındı
  • Page, J. T., & Parnell, L. J. (2019). Introduction to strategic public relations: Digital, global, and socially responsible communication. SAGE Publications.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research&evaluation methods. Sage Publications.
  • Peltekoğlu, F. B. (2016). Halkla ilişkiler nedir? (9. b.). İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
  • Pickhardt, C. E. (2008). The future of your only child: How to guide your child to a happy and successful life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reidsema, C., Hadgraft, R., & Kavanagh, L. (2017). Introduction to the flipped classroom. C. Reidsema, L. Kavanagh, R. Hadgraft, & N. Smith (Dü) içinde, The flipped classroom practice and practices in higher education (s. 3-14). Singapore: Springer.
  • Scholz, R. W. (2011). Environmental literacy in science and society; from knowledge to decisions. Cambridge University Press.
  • Schuerholz-Lehr, S. (2007). Teaching for global literacy in higher education: How prepared are the educators? Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(2), 180-204.
  • Seggie, F. N., & Yıldırmış, M. A. (2015). Nitel araştırmaların desenlenmesi. F. N. Seggie, & Y. Bayyurt (Dü) içinde, Nitel araştırma yöntem, teknik, analiz ve yaklaşımları (s. 23-35). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Seitel, F. P. (2017). The practice of public relations. England: Pearson Education.
  • Şardağı, E., & Öztürk, M. C. (2019). Halkla ilişkiler eğitiminde dijitalleşme: Türkiye ve ABD’de bulunan üniversitelerdeki halkla ilişkiler programlarının karşılaştırılması. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi (1), 125-142.
  • Tench, R., & Laville, L. (2014). Role of the public relations practitioner. R. Tench, & L. Yeomans (Dü) içinde, Exploring public relations (s. 83-120). Pearson Education.
  • Tench, R., & Moreno, A. (2015). Mapping communication management competencies for european practitioners: ECOPSI an EU study. Journal of Communication Management, 19(1), 39-61.
  • Tench, R., Zerfass, A., Verhoeven, P., Verčič, D., Moreno, A., & Okay, A. (2013b). Communication management competencies for european practitioners. Leeds, UK: Leeds Metropolitan University.
  • Tench, R., Zerfass, A., Verhoeven, P., Verčič,, D., Moreno, A., & Okay, A. (2013a). Competencies and role requirements of communication professionals in Europe. Insights from quantitative and qualitative studies. ECOPSI Research Report. Leeds, UK: Leeds Metropolitan University.
  • Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills learning for life in our times. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
  • Vieira Jr, E. T., & Grantham, S. (2015). Determining factors leading to strategic management PR practitioner roles. Public Relations Review, 41(4), 544-550.
  • Viswanathan, M., Gajendiran, S., & Venkatesan, R. (2008). Understanding and enabling marketplace literacy in subsistence context: The development of a consumer and entrepreneurial literacy educational program in South India. International Journal of Educational Development, 28(3), 300-319.
  • Wagner, T. (2008). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don't teach the new survival skills our children need-and what we can do about it. New York: Basic Books.
  • Watson, J. (2008). Blended learning: The convergence of online and face-to-face education. North American Council for Online Learning.
  • WHO-World Health Organization. (2013). Health literacy: The solid facts. WHO Regional Office for Europe.
  • Wilcox, D. L., Cameron, G. T., & Reber, B. H. (2015). Public relations: Strategies and tactics. Pearson Education.
  • World Economic Forum. (2020). What are the 21st century skills every student needs? Top 10 skills in 2020. 10 23, 2020 tarihinde https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/21st-century-skills-future-jobs-students/ adresinden alındı
  • Zarcadoolas, C., Pleasant, A., & Greer, D. S. (2005). Understanding health literacy: An expanded model. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 195-203.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Koçyiğit 0000-0002-2250-415X

Büşra Küçükcivil 0000-0001-6719-8160

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date August 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 36

Cite

APA Koçyiğit, M., & Küçükcivil, B. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Halkla İlişkiler Eğitiminde Dijitalleşme. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi(36), 326-349. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.988597