BibTex RIS Cite

HELLP syndrome

Year 2014, Volume: 23 Issue: 4, 737 - 762, 30.10.2014
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.80953

Abstract

HELLP syndrome is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia. With a incidence of 0.1%-0.8% it is known to be effected by genetic predisposition. Unlike preeclempsia multiparity increases the risk of HELLP syndrome. Diagnosis is made by the classic clinical triad. Thrombocyte counts are especially important for classification of the disease. When making a diagnosis, severe preeclempsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, hemolytic ureamic syndrome and thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura should be always be kept in mind for differential diagnosis. HELLP syndrome has several complications , including but not limited to; disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, liver rupture and hematoma and retinal detachment. Suggested treatment modality consists, stabilization of blood pressure and magnesium sulfate infusion. Then evaluation of fetal status and planning delivery method and time if maternal status remains unstable. If prognosis seems favorable without urgent delivery and fetus can benefit from it, a course of betamethasone can be given to fetuses between 24 and 34 weeks of gestational age. The only and definite treatment of HELLP syndrome is delivering the baby. Suggested benefits of steroid therapy and other experimental treatments are still to be proven effective by large randomized controlled trials.

References

  • Stone JH. HELLP syndrome: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. JAMA. 1998;280:559-62
  • Sibai BM, Taslimi MM, el-Nazer A, Amon E, Mabie BC, Ryan GM. Maternal-perinatal outcome associated with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets in severe preeclampsia-eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986;155:501-9.
  • Reubinoff BE, Schenker JG. HELLP syndrome--a syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count--complicating preeclampsia-eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1991;36:95-102
  • Sibai BM. The HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): much ado about nothing? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;162:311-6.
  • Lachmeijer AM, Arngrímsson R, Bastiaans EJ,Frigge ML, Pals G, Sigurdartottir S et al. A genomewide scan for preeclampsia in the Netherlands. Eur J Hum Genet. 2001;9:758-64
  • Abildgaard U, Heimdal K. Pathogenesis of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP): a review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;166:117-23 Audibert F, Friedman SA, Frangieh AY, Sibai BM. Clinical utility of strict diagnostic criteria for the HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:460-64
  • Benedetto C, Marozio L, Tancredi A, Picardo E, Nardolillo P, Tavella AM et al. Biochemistry of HELLP syndrome. Adv Clin Chem. 2011;53:85-104.
  • Jebbink J, Wolters A, Fernando F, Afink G, van der Post J,Ris Stalpers C. Molecular genetics of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome - a review. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1822:1960-69
  • Burwick RM, Feinberg BB. Eculizumab for the treatment of preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome. Placenta. 2013;34:201-3.
  • Salmon JE, Heuser C, Triebwasser M, Liszewski MK, Kavanagh D, Roumenina L et al. Mutations in complement regulatory proteins predispose to preeclampsia: a genetic analysis of the PROMISSE cohort. PLoS Med. 2011; 8:e1001013.

HELLP sendromu

Year 2014, Volume: 23 Issue: 4, 737 - 762, 30.10.2014
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.80953

Abstract

HELLP sendromu intravasküler hemoliz, karaciğer enzim yüksekliği ve trombosit düşüklüğü durumu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. %0,1ile %0,8 oranında bir insidansı mevcuttur. Genetik yatkınlık durumunda risk artmaktadır. Ayrıca preeklampsinin aksine multipartite riski artıran bir durumdur. Tanısı HELLP sendromu tanımında da yer alan değerlerdeki değişimlerle konulmaktadır. Özellikle trombosit sayısı sınıflamalarda da kullanılmaktadır. Ayırıcı tanıda akılda bulunması gereken durumlar şiddetli preeklampsi, gebeliğin akut yağlı karaciğeri, hemolitik üremik sendrom, trombotik trombositopenik purpura durumlar ile ayırıcı tanısı yapılması gerekmektedir. Maternal olarak disemine intravasküler koagülasyon (DIC), plasenta dekolmanı, akut renal yetmezlik, pulmoner ödem, subkapsüler karaciğer hematomu, retina dekolmanı gibi komplikasyonlar ile karşılaşabiliriz. Tedavide ise şu an için önerilen hastanın stabilizasyonu, kan basıncı kontrolü ve magnezyum sülfat infüzyonu başlanması önerilmektedir. Daha sonra ise fetal hafta, fetal distress ve maternal distress açısından değerlendirilerek bu risklerin olması durumunda doğum düşünülmelidir. Eğer risk faktörleri negatif ve fetus 24 ile 34 hafta arasında ise steroid dozu tamamlanıp devamında doğum planlanmalıdır. Sonuç olarak HELLP sendromunun kesin tedavisi doğumdur. Steroid tedavisi ve diğer tedavi seçenekleri ile ilgili geniş randomize çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • Stone JH. HELLP syndrome: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. JAMA. 1998;280:559-62
  • Sibai BM, Taslimi MM, el-Nazer A, Amon E, Mabie BC, Ryan GM. Maternal-perinatal outcome associated with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets in severe preeclampsia-eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986;155:501-9.
  • Reubinoff BE, Schenker JG. HELLP syndrome--a syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count--complicating preeclampsia-eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1991;36:95-102
  • Sibai BM. The HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): much ado about nothing? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;162:311-6.
  • Lachmeijer AM, Arngrímsson R, Bastiaans EJ,Frigge ML, Pals G, Sigurdartottir S et al. A genomewide scan for preeclampsia in the Netherlands. Eur J Hum Genet. 2001;9:758-64
  • Abildgaard U, Heimdal K. Pathogenesis of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP): a review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;166:117-23 Audibert F, Friedman SA, Frangieh AY, Sibai BM. Clinical utility of strict diagnostic criteria for the HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:460-64
  • Benedetto C, Marozio L, Tancredi A, Picardo E, Nardolillo P, Tavella AM et al. Biochemistry of HELLP syndrome. Adv Clin Chem. 2011;53:85-104.
  • Jebbink J, Wolters A, Fernando F, Afink G, van der Post J,Ris Stalpers C. Molecular genetics of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome - a review. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1822:1960-69
  • Burwick RM, Feinberg BB. Eculizumab for the treatment of preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome. Placenta. 2013;34:201-3.
  • Salmon JE, Heuser C, Triebwasser M, Liszewski MK, Kavanagh D, Roumenina L et al. Mutations in complement regulatory proteins predispose to preeclampsia: a genetic analysis of the PROMISSE cohort. PLoS Med. 2011; 8:e1001013.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Dilek Acar This is me

Tuncay Yüce This is me

Elif Nazlı Çetindağ This is me

Ayşegül Alkılıç This is me

Erkan Kalafat This is me

Ruşen Aytaç This is me

Publication Date October 30, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 23 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Acar D, Yüce T, Çetindağ EN, Alkılıç A, Kalafat E, Aytaç R. HELLP sendromu. aktd. December 2014;23(4):737-762. doi:10.17827/aktd.80953