Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis and Necrosis

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 145 - 158, 01.09.2011

Gülfidan Coşkun Hülya Özgür

Öz

Organismal homeostasis depends on an intricate balance between cell death and renewal. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that plays a critical role in some normal and pathologic conditions beginning from embryologic development and ends at death. Apoptosis is initiated by morphological changes at the cell membrane, surface organels and nucleus. Apoptosis starts with death signals coming from outside or inside of the cell and continue to activate the mechanisms of apoptosis via cell death receptor or mitochondrial pathways. During apoptosis a group proteases are activated which cause DNA fragmentation, cytoplasmic shrinkage and membrane blebbing. Apoptotic cells divide into apoptotic bodies and then these apoptotic bodies are removed from tissue by phagocytes and adjacent cells In contrast to the “programmed” nature of apoptosis, necrotic cell death has always been believed to be a random, uncontrolled process that leads to death of the cell. Also necrosis, which is an other type of cell death, came to be used to describe pathologic cell death which cause inflamation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apoptosis, Necrosis, Homeostasis, Mitochondria, DNA

Apoptoz ve Nekrozun Moleküler Mekanizması

Öz

Organizmanın homeostazisi; hücre ölümü ve hücre çoğalması arasında sabit bir dengeye bağlıdır. Apoptoz, embriyonik dönemden ölüme kadar pek çok fizyolojik veya patolojik olayda izlenen programlı hücre ölümüdür. Apoptozda, hücre yüzeyinde, hücre organellerinde ve çekirdekte çeşitli değişiklikler izlenir. Hücre içi veya dışı kaynaklı ölüm sinyalleri eşliğinde, hücre ölüm reseptörleri ve mitokondriyon aracılığıyla apoptotik mekanizma aktive olur ve sonuçta DNA kırılması, sitoplazmada büzülme, membranda parçalanma meydana gelir. Apoptotik hücreler, apoptotik cisimciklere ayrılarak çevre hücreler tarafından fagosite edilirler. Bir diğer hücre ölüm tipi olan nekroz ise programlı hücre ölümü olan apoptozdan farklı olarak rastgele, kontrolsüz gerçekleşen bir süreç olup inflamasyonla sonuçlanan patolojik hücre ölümüdür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apoptoz, Nekroz, Homeostazi, Mitokondri, DNA

Kaynakça

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