Biochemical Approach to Pyroptosis and Its Role in Cancer

Year 2020, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 181 - 189, 30.09.2020

Kezban Kartlaşmış , Nurten Dikmen

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.673798

Abstract

The dynamic balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and death regulates the homeostasis and pathological processes in multicellular organisms. Cell death was considered to be mainly in two types, apoptosis (programmed cell death) and necrosis. However, in recent years, several different ways of cell death are specified, one of which is pyroptosis. The newly discovered pyroptosis consists of a process mediated by the gasdermin family with an inflammatory and immune system response. The effects of pyroptosis on cancer are complex and may vary with the genetic structure. Pyroptosis inhibits tumor formation and development. On the other hand, it supports the microenvironment that is appropriate for tumor formation. Moreover, manipulations of pyroptosis in tumor cells may provide an alternative for cancer treatment. The present review is aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge of signal transduction systems in pyroptosis, classical (canonical), non-classical pathways, the Gasdermin protein family, the pore-forming mechanism of this family, its relationship with cancers, and the manipulations of pyroptosis in treatment.

Keywords

Cancer, caspase, gasdermin-D, pyroptosis

Piroptozise Biyokimyasal Yaklaşım ve Kanserdeki Rolü

Abstract

Hücre çoğalması, farklılaşması ve ölümü arasındaki dinamik denge çok hücreli organizmalarda homeostazı ve patolojik süreçleri düzenlemektedir. Hücre ölümünün temel olarak apoptozis (programlı hücre ölümü) ve nekrozis olmak üzere 2 tür olduğu düşünülüyordu fakat son yıllarda bir hücrenin çok daha farklı yollarla ölebileceğini gösteren hücre ölüm türleri tanımlanmıştır. Bu hücre ölüm tiplerinden yeni keşfedilen piroptozis, inflamatuvar ve immün sistem tepkisi ile birlikte gasdermin ailesinin aracılık ettiği bir süreçten meydana gelmektedir. Piroptozisin kanser üzerindeki etkileri karmaşıktır ve genetik yapı ile değişiklik gösterebilir. Bir yandan piroptozis tümör oluşumunu ve gelişmesini inhibe ederken diğer yandan tömür oluşumu için uygun mikroçevreyi destekleyebilir. Ayrıca tümör hücrelerinde piroptozisin manipülasyonlarının kanser tedavisine alternatif sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı piroptoziste sinyal iletim sistemleri, klasik (kanonik) ve klasik olmayan yolaklar, Gasdermin protein ailesi, bu ailenin hücre zarında gözenek oluşturma mekanizması, kanserlerle ilişkisi ve tedavide piroptozis manipülasyonları ile ilgili mevcut bilgiler değerlendirilerek genel bir bakış sağlamaktır.

Keywords

kaspaz, kanser, gasdermin-d, piroptozis

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