Sağlıkta Galvanik Akımın Yeri ve Önemi

Year 2023, Volume: 32 Issue: 4, 237 - 245, 31.12.2023

Halil İbrahim Öksüz Saygın Şan Mustafa Tunaya Kalkan Işıl Öcal

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1388563

Abstract

Sağlıkta kas-sinir sistemi hastalıklarının tedavisinde; ısı enerjisi, ışık, elektrik ve elektromanyetik alanlar, basınç gibi fiziksel uygulama yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Tedavilerde, galvanik akım; iyontoforez (galvanoterapi), tıbbi galvanizm ve cerrahi galvanizm (elektroliz) yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede amacımız sağlıkta kullanılan galvanik akımın önemini ve kullanıldığı alanları literatür bilgileri ışığında açıklamaktır. Negatif ya da pozitif monofazik olan galvanik akım (DC: doğru akım), elektronların aynı şiddette ve aynı yönde hareket etmesi ile oluşan akımdır. Bu akım ile deri altına çeşitli iyonların veya tedavi edici ilaçların girişi sağlanır. Bu yönteme galvanoterapi veya iyontoforez denir1. İyontoforez yöntemi ile elektrik akımı kullanılarak deri içine istenilen veya tedavi edici ilaçların girmesi sağlanır. Başlangıçta aşırı terlemede etkin olan AlCl3 (alüminyum klorür) veya AlSO4 (alüminyum sülfat) gibi kimyasal ajanların deri içine verilmesi ile başladığından, adı iyontoforez olarak adlandırılmıştır. Sonradan terlemede galvanik akımın etken olduğu anlaşılmıştır. İyontoforez yöntemi, hiperhidrosiz (aşırı terleme) tedavisinde kullanılan, etkinliği ve güvenilirliği uzun yıllardır bilinen bir yöntemdir. Vücut sıcaklığından daha yüksek sıcaklıkta bir ortamda, vücudumuzun kendi sıcaklığını koruması için ter bezlerimizden vücut dışına ter atılarak ısı aktarımı gerçekleşir. Bu ısı aktarımı sonrası atılan ter buharlaşır. Genellikle el, ayak ve koltuk altında yer alan, çevresel ve merkezi sinir sistemi tarafından düzenlenen ekrin ter bezleri bir insanda yaklaşık 2-4 milyon kadardır. Çok fazla uyarılması durumunda hiperhidroz denilen aşırı terleme oluşur. Aşırı terleme bireylerin sosyal ve iş hayatını negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Aşırı terlemenin tedavisinde iyontoforez (galvanoterapi), botoks, endoskopik torasik sempatotomi (ETS) ve lokal antiperspirantlar kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucu kadınlarda ve erkeklerde her yaşta ortaya çıkabilmekle birlikte yaklaşık nüfusun %1’i bu rahatsızlıkla karşı karşıyadır.

Keywords

Glavanik akım, iyontoforez, hiperhidrozis, ter salgısı

Importance and Use of Galvanic Current in Healthcare

Abstract

Physical application methods such as heat energy, light, electricity and electromagnetic fields, pressure are used in the treatment of musculo-nervous system diseases in health. Galvanic current, iontophoresis (galvanotherapy), medical galvanism and surgical galvanism (electrolysis) methods are used in treatments. In this review, aim is explain the importance of galvanic current used in health and the areas where it is used in the light of literature information. Galvanic current (DC: direct current), which is negative or positive monophasic, is a current generated by the movement of electrons in the same intensity and with the same direction. With this current, various ions or therapeutic drugs are introduced under the skin. This method is called galvanotherapy or iontophoresis. With the iontophoresis method, desired or therapeutic drugs are introduced into the skin by using electric current. Initially, it was called iontophoresis because it started with the intradermal administration of chemical agents such as AlCl3 (aluminium chloride) or AlSO4 (aluminium sulphate) which are effective in excessive sweating. Later, it was understood that galvanic current was effective in sweating. Iontophoresis method is used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) and its efficacy and reliability have been known for many years. In environment with a temperature higher than the body temperature, heat transfer takes place by excreting sweat from our sweat glands to the outside of the body in order for our body to maintain its own temperature. After this heat transfer, the sweat evaporates. Eccrine sweat glands, which are usually located in the hands, feet and armpits and regulated by the peripheral and central nervous system, are approximately 2-4 million in a person. In case of too much stimulation, excessive sweating called hyperhidrosis occurs. Excessive sweating negatively affects the social and business life of individuals. Iontophoresis (galvanotherapy), botox, endoscopic thoracic sympathotomy (ETS) and local antiperspirants are used in the treatment of excessive sweating. As a result of researches, approximately 1% of the population is faced with this disorder even though it can occur at any age in men and women.

Keywords

Iontophoresis, hyperhydrosis, sweat glands, sweat, sweating

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