The Role of Quartz on Stain Resistance of Porcelain Tiles Based on Spodumene

Year 2014, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 155 - 163, 01.12.2014

Tuna Aydın Alpagut Kara

Abstract

Porcelain tiles characterized by a large quantity of glassy phase, low porosity are basically produced from clays, kaolinite, feldspars, and quartz. Clays and kaolinites provide plasticity and dry mechanical strength and form mullite and glassy phase during firing; feldspars are low-temperature glassy phase formers; and quartz contributes to thermal and dimensional stability, due to its refractoriness property. However, quartz significantly affects triaxial porcelain properties. The difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the quartz and the glassy matrix has a strong effect by subjecting the glassy matrix to microscopic residual compressive stress. The magnitude of these stresses produces cracks around the quartz particles, which may exceed a critical size, thereby causing partial stress relaxation and increasing microstructural damage leading to particle detachment. This microstructural damage adversely affects the product’s mechanical behaviour and stain resistance. In this study, in order to enhance the stain resistance of the porcelain tiles containing spodumene (max 2 wt %) substituted by Na feldspar it was prepared to compositions without quartz content. The results showed that it was obtained an increase in stain resistance of porcelain tiles without quartz by forming a low viscosity liquid phase during firing with a decrease in both closed porosity and average pore size, also increasing bulk density and mechanical properties. © Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi

Keywords

Stain resistance; Porcelain tile; Spodumene; Quartz content; Microstructure

Kuvarsın Spodumen Esaslı Porselen Karoların Lekelenme Direnci Üzerine Rolü

Abstract

Yüksek miktardaki camsı faz ve düşük porozite gibi özellikleri ile karakterize edilen porselen karolar olarak kil, kaolen, feldspat ve kuvars kullanarak üretilirler. Kil ve kaolen plastiklik ve kuru mukavemet sağlarlar ayrıca sinterleme esnasında da camsı faz ve müllit oluşumuna katlı sağlarlar. Feldspat düşük sıcaklıkta camsı fazı oluştururken kuvars da refrakter özelliği sayesinde bünyenin termal ve boyutsal kararlılığını sağlar. Ancak kuvarsın bu özelliğinin yanında camsı faz ile arasındaki termal genleşme katsayısındaki farklılıktan dolayı camsı faz üzerinde kalıntı basma gerilimlerinin oluşmasına neden olur. Bu gerilimlerin büyüklüğü kuvars taneleri etrafında kritik çatlak boyutunu geçen böylece de gerilim rahatlamasına da neden olan çatlaklara neden olur. Aynı zamanda bu durum tane ayrışmasına da neden olarak mikroyapısal hatalar meydana getirir. Bu mikroyapısal hatalar ürünün mekanik özelliklerini ve lekelenme direncini olumsuz yönde etkiler. Bu çalışmada, sodyum feldspat yerine maksimum ağırlıkça % 2 spodumen kullanarak lekelenme dirençlerinin artırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada kuvars içermeyen reçetelerde geliştirtmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kuvars içermeyen porselen karo bünyelerde pişirim esnasında düşük viskoziteli camsı faz oluşturularak kapalı porların ve ortalama por boyutlarının azalması sağlamış ve ayrıca bulk yoğunluklar ve mekanik özellikler artırılmıştır

Keywords

Lekelenme direnci, Porselen Karo, Spodumen, Kuvars içeriği, Mikroyap

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