Fabrication of Ceramics via Silicon Based Organic Polimer: Polymethylsilsesquioxane

Year 2014, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 345 - 352, 01.12.2014

İsrafil Küçük Şenol Avcı Recep Artır

Abstract

Generally, most of the conventional polysiloxanes (silicone resins) are crucial to be used as ceramic precursors owing to their main chain decompositions. These polymers have comprehensive application areas such as medicine, electronics, and defense industry. In recent years, however, diverse types of polysiloxanes with high ceramic yields, which formed dense cross-linking at relatively low temperatures, were developed. Silicon oxide carbon (SiOC) ceramic materials was synthesized by using the Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) as a ceramic precursor. Not only the obtained ceramic materials were high strentgh, but also they can be used in medicine, refractory industry and engineering applications. In this study, the aim is to investigate PMSQ polimer, its conversion methods to ceramics, characterization of fabricated ceramics, mechanical properties, advantages and disadvantages and application areas. © Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi

Keywords

SiOC; Polymethylsilsesquioxane; Ceramic fabrication; Organic polymers; Pyrolysis

Silikon Bazlı Organik Polimer Polimetil-Siloksan (PMSQ)'ın Seramik Üretiminde Kullanımı(025755) (345-352)

Abstract

Literatürde, geleneksel poli-siloksanların (silikon bazlı) büyük bir çoğunluğunun, ana zinciri oluşturan bağlarının ayrıştırılmasının zorluğundan dolayı, seramik malzeme üretiminde kullanılması yaygın olarak yer almamaktadır. Bu polimer malzemeler genellikle, sağlık, elektronik sanayi ve savunma sanayi gibi alanlarda yaygın kullanıma sahiptir. Fakat son yıllarda, nispeten düşük sıcaklıklarda elde edilen çeşitli poli-siloksan polimerlerin seramik üretiminde kullanılması ile ilgili gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Polimetilsiloksan (PMSQ) polimeri kullanılarak, silikon oksi-karbon (SiOC) seramik malzemesi elde edilebilmektedir. Elde edilen bu ürün dayanıklılığı yüksek olup, tıpta, refrakter sanayinde ve mühendislikte çeşitli uygulamalar kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, organik polimer olarak bilinen ve kullanılan (PMSQ) malzemenin seramik malzemeye dönüştürülmesinde kullanılan yöntemler, elde edilen seramik yapıların karakterizasyonu, mekanik özellikleri, avantajları ve dezavantajları ve kullanım alanları incelenmiştir

Keywords

SiOC; Polimetilsiloksan; Seramik

References

• Ahmad Z, Huang J, Edirisinghe MJ, Jayasinghe SN, Best SM, Bonfield W, Brooks RA, Rushton N. 2006. Electrohydrodynamic print-patterning of nano- hydroxyapatite. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2, 201–207.
• Antonucci, S. H. Dickens, B. O. Fowler, et al., J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 110, 541 (2005).
• Arinushkin, B. I. D’yachenko, V. P. Rybalko, et al., USSR Inventor’s Certificate No. 1 756 945, Byull. Izobret., No. 31 (1992).
• Baney in Ultrastructure Processing of Ceramics. Glasses. And composites, edited by L. L. Hench and D. R. Ulrich, (Wiley-lnterscience, 1984) pp 245-255.Baney, M. Itoh, A. Sakakibara, and T. Suzuki, 1995. Silsesquioxanes. Chem. Rev. 95, 1409-1430.
• Bauer, H.-J. Glasel, U. Decker, et al. 2003. Trialkoxysilane grafting onto nanoparticles for the preparation of clear coat polyacrylate systems with excellent scratch performance Prog. Org. Coat. 47, 147-153.
• Blum, Y.D., Macqueen, D.B. and Kleebe, H.-J. 2005. Synthesis and characterization of carbon-enriched silicon oxycarbides J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25, 143-149.
• Bocangera R, Gaonkar AG, Barrero A, Loscertales IG, Pechack D, Marquez M. 2005. Production of cocoa butter microcapsules using an electrospray process. J. Food Sci. 70, E492–497.
• Burns, R. B. Taylor, Y. Xu, et al. 1992. High-temperature chemistry of the conversion of siloxanes to silicon carbide. Chem. Mater. 4, 1313-1323.
• Camino, G., Lomakin, S.M. and Lazzari, M. 2001. Polydimethylsiloxane thermal degradation Part 1. Kinetic aspects. Polymer, 42, 2395-2402.
• Chang, M.W., Stride, E. and Edirisinghe, M. 2010. A new method for the preparation of monoporous hollow microspheres, Langmuir, 26(7), 5115–5121.
• Chang, M.W., Stride, E. and Edirisinghe, M. 2011. Stimulus-responsive liquids for encapsulation storage and controlled release of drugs from nano-shell capsules, J. R. Soc. Interface, 8, 451–456.
• Cheng CJ, Chu LY, Xie R. 2006. Preparation of highly monodisperse W/O emulsions with hydrophobically modified SPG membranes. J. Colloid. Interface. Sci. 300, 375–382.
• Chia SM, Wan ACA, Quek CH, Mao HQ, Xu X, Shen L, Ng ML, Leong KW, Yu H. 2002. Multi-layered microcapsules for cell encapsulation. Biomaterials. 23, 849–856.
• Chiara, G., Ferroni L., Favero L., Stellini E., Stomaci D., Sivolella S., Bressan E. and Zavan B. 2012. Nanostructured Biomaterials for Tissue Engineered Bone Tissue Reconstruction, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 737- 757.
• Colombo, P. And Modesti, M. 1999. Silicon Oxycarbide Ceramic Foams from a Preceramic Polymer. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 82, 573-578.
• Cross SE, Innes B, Roberts MS, Tsuzuki T, Robertson TA, McCormick P. 2007. Human skin penetration of sunscreen nanoparticles: in-vitro assessment of a novel micronized zinc oxide formulation. Skin. Pharmacol. Phys. 20, 148–154.
• Enterosorption, Ed. by N. A. Belyakov (Tsentr Sorbtsionnykh Tekhnologii, Leningrad, 1991) [in Russian].
• Hennige, J. Hauélt, H.-J. Ritzhaupt-Kleissl, and T. Windmann. 1999. Shrinkage-free ZrSiO4-ceramics: Characterisation and Applications. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19, 2901-2908.
• Huwitz, F.I. and Meador, M.A.B. 1999. Tailoring silicon oxycarbide glasses for oxidative stability. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech., 14, 75-86.
• Kamiya, 0. Makoto, T. Yoko. 1986. J. Noncryst. Sol.; 3, 208 (1986).
• Kanawung K, Panitchanapan K, Puangmalee SO, Utok W, Kreua-ongarjnukool N, Rangkupan R, Meechaisue C, Supaphol P. 2007. Preparation and characterization of polycaprolactone/ diclofenac sodium and poly(vinylalcohol)/tetracyclinhydrochloride mats and their release of the model drugs. Polym. J. 39, 369–378. fiber
• Kamaritskii, A. M. Ton’shin, and V. N. Spektor, in Electronics of Organic Materials, Ed. by A. A. Ovchinnikov (Nauka, Moscow, 1985), p. 118.
• Kim, Y.W., Kim, S.-H., Xu, X., Choi, C.H., Park, C.B. and Kim, H.D. 2002. Fabrication of Porous Preceramic Polymers Using Carbon Dioxide. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 21, 1667-1669.
• Kim, Y.W., Kim, S.H., Wang, C. and Park, C.B. 2003. Fabrication of Microcellular Ceramics Using Gaseous Carbon Dioxide. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 86, 2231-2233.
• Kim, Y.W., Kim, S.H., Kim, H.D. and Park, C.B. 2004. Processing of Closed-Cell Silicon Oxycarbide Foams from a Preceramic Polymer. J. Mater. Sci., 39, 5647- 5652.
• Kireev, V. V., D’yachenko, B. I. and Rybalko, V. P. 2008. The structure and thermooxidative transformations of polymethylsilsesquioxanes. Polymer Science, Ser. A, 50(4), 394–402.
• Kolyadina, O. A. , Murinov, Yu. I. , Voronkov, M. G. , Pozhidaev, Yu. N. 2000. Russian chemical bulletin. hydrocarbon and chloroalkane adsorption by polymethylsilsesquioxane. 49, 2000-2002 of
• Laine, R.M. and Babonneau, F. 1993. Preceramic polymer routes to silicon carbide. Chem. Mater., 5(3), 260-279.
• Lewis, C.N. 1958. The pyrolysis of dimethylpolysiloxanes. J. Polym. Sci., 33, 153-159. Lewis, C.N. 1959. The pyrolysis of dimethylpolysitloxanes. II. J. Polym. Sci., 37, 425-429.
• Levashov, A. V., Khmelnitsky, Yu. L., Klyachko, N. L., Chernyak, V. A. & Martinek, K. 1982. Enzymes entrapped into reversed micelles in organic solvents: Sedimentation analysis of the protein—aerosol OT- H2O-Octane system. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 88, 444 - 457.
• Liabau, V., Hauser, R. And Riedel, R. 2004. Amorphous SiBCO ceramics derived from novel polymeric precursors. C.R. Chimie, 7, 463-469.
• Lipatova, S. V. Sat’yanov, S. G. Derkach, et al. 2004. Bez. Tr. Prom-sti, No. 4, 34.
• Liu, Y., Tianhong C., Ramana K.S., Philip J.C., Michael J. V., Jost G. 2003. Novel approach to form and pattern sol–gel polymethylsilsesquioxane-based spin-on glass thin and thick films, Sensors and Actuators B, 88, 75– 79.
• Luo, M. Nangrejo, M. Edirisinghe, 2010, A novel method of selecting solvents for polymer electrospinning, Polymer, 51, 1654–1662.
• Ma J, Shi L, Shi Y, Luo S, Xu J. 2002. Pyrolysis of polymethylsilsesquioxane. J. App. Polymer. Sci. 85, 1077–1086.
• Mikhal’chuk, V. V. Kireev, V. I. Natrusov, et al. 1996. Transp. Stroit., Nos. 11–12, 25.
• Moysan C, Riedel R, Harshe R, Rouxel T, Augereau F. 2007. Mechanical characterization of a polysiloxane- derived SiOC glass. J. Euro. Ceram. Soc. 27, 397–403.
• Nangrejo, Z. Ahmad, E. Stride, M. Edirisinghe and P. Colombo, 2008, Preparation of Polymeric and Ceramic Electrohydrodynamic Development and Technology, 13, 425–432. Novel Process. Pharmaceutical
• Narisawa, M., Yasuda, H., Mori, R., Mabuchi, H., Oka, K. and Kim, Y.W. 2008. Silicon carbide particle formation polymethylsilsesquioxane mixtures with melt pressing. 116(1), 121-125. carbon black –
• Peterson KP, Peterson CM, Pope EJA. 1998. Silica sol-gel encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Proc. Soc. Experim. Biol. Med.218, 365–369.
• Renlund, G.M., Prochazka, S. And Doremus, R.H. 1991. Silicon oxycarbide glasses: Part I. Preparation and chemistry. J. Matel. Res., 6, 2716-2722.
• Rahul Ramesh Harshe, 2004, Synthesis and Processing of Amorphous Temperature Properties and Applications, Darmstadt, Germany, Department of Materials Science Darmstadt University of Technology. High
• Schmider, Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwirde (Albert-Ludwigs Univ., Freiburg, 2006).
• Soraru GD, Modena S, Guadagnino E, Colombo P, Egan J, Pantano C. 2002. Chemical durability of silicon oxycarbide glasses. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.85, 1529–1536.
• Thomas, T.H., Kendrick, T.C. 1969. Thermal analysis of polydimethylsiloxanes. I. Thermal degradation in controlled atmospheres. J. Polym. Sci.: Part A-2, 7, 537-549.
• Thomas, T.H., Kendrick, T.C. 1970. Thermal analysis of polysiloxanes. II. Thermal vacuum degradation of polysiloxanes with different substituents on silicon and in the main siloxane chain. J. Polym. Sci.: Part A- 2, 8, 1823-1830.
• Tereshchenko, A. V. Shevchuk, V. V. Shevchenko, et al. 2006. Alkoxysilyl derivatives of polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes containing amino and hydroxyl groups and sol-gel hybrid materials on their basis. Polymer Science, Ser. A 48, 1248-1256.
• Ton’shin, B. A. Kamaritskii, and V. N. Spektor. 1983. The Technology, Organosilicon polyorganosilasesquioxanes. Russ. Chem. Rev., 52 (8), 775–803. and Properties of Dielectrics
• Uchimara, S. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 312,280--CA 111:1 56040j.
• Wilson, A.M., Zank, G., Eguchi, K., Xing, W., Yates, B. And Dahn, J.R. 1997. Polysiloxane Pyrolysis. Chem. Mater., 9, 1601-1606.
• White,D. A., Oleff, S. M., Boyer, R. D., Budringer, P. A., Fox, J. R. 1987. Preparation of silicon carbide from organosilicon gels: I. Synthesis and characterization of precursor gels. Adv.Cer. Mat., 2, 45.
• Wilson, G. Zank, K. Eguchi, et al. 1997. Polysiloxane Pyrolysis. Chem. Mater., 9, 1601-1607.
• Yu, T. K. S. Wong, X. Hu, and K. Pita. 2003. The Compasrison of Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Silsesquioxane Films Cured in Nitrogen and in Air Chem. Phys. Lett. 380, 111-116.
• Zhuo R, Colombo P, Pantano C, Vogler EA. 2005. Silicon oxycarbide glasses for blood-contact applications. Acta. Biomater. 5, 583–589.
• Xie JW, Wang CH. 2007. Encapsulation of proteins in biodegradable polymeric microparticles using electrospray in the Taylor Cone-Jet mode. Biotechnol. Bioengine. 97, 1278–1290.