Antibiotic Susceptibility of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus Vaginal Isolates

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 6, 1238 - 1244, 28.12.2022

Sevda Er

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1121454

Abstract

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are opportunistic pathogens found in the flora of human skin and mucous membranes. It is among the important factors of hospital infections. Vaginal isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus were used in the study. The isolates were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C under aerobic conditions. Disk diffusion method was used for sensitivity determination. Staphylococcus isolates grown in the medium at 37 °C for 24 hours were inoculated into the medium adjusted as Mc Farland 0.5 (108 cfu/mL). In the study, antibiotics trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin G, clindamycin and linezolid were examined. It was found that the isolates showed the least sensitivity to penicillin G and the most sensitivity to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole. All isolates are sensitive to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole. Only two isolates were found to be susceptible to penicillin G. Apart from these, it was determined that 26 isolates were sensitive to linezolide, 23 isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, 22 isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and 21 isolates were sensitive to erythromycin. In the literature, there are not many studies on the antibiotic susceptibility of especially vaginal Coagulase negative staphylococcal isolates. There is no study on this subject in our country. For this reason, the study will contribute to the literature.

Keywords

Antibiotic Susceptibility, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus, Vagina, Isolate

Koagülaz Negatif Stafilokok Vajen İzolatlarının Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları

Abstract

Koagülaz negatif stafilokoklar insan deri ve mukoz membranların florasında yer alan fırsatçı patojenlerdir. Hastane enfeksiyonlarının önemli etkenleri arasındadır. Çalışmada koagülaz negatif Staphylococcus vajen izolatları kullanılmıştır. İzolatlar, aerobik koşullarda, 37 °C ’de 24 saat inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Duyarlılık tespiti için disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Besiyerinde 37 °C ’de 24 saat geliştirilmiş olan Staphylococcus izolatları Mc Farland 0,5 (108 kob/mL) şeklinde ayarlanmış besiyerine ekilmiştir. Çalışmada, trimetoprim + sülfametoksazol, gentamisin, eritromisin, sefoksitin, siprofloksasin, penisilin G, klindamisin ve linezolid antibiyotikleri incelenmiştir. İzolatların en az penisilin G’ye en fazla ise trimetoprim + sülfametoksazole duyarlılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur. İzolatlardan tamamı trimetoprim + sülfametoksazole duyarlıdır. Sadece iki izolatın penisilin G’ye duyarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunların dışında 26 izolatın linezolide, 23 izolatın siprofloksasine, 22 izolatın gentamisine ve 21 izolatın eritromisine duyarlı oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde özellikle vajen Koagülaz negatif stafilokok izolatlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları üzerine çok fazla çalışma yer almamaktadır. Ülkemizde de bu konuda bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu sebeple, yapılan çalışma literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Antibiyotik Duyarlılığı, Koagülaz Negatif Staphylococcus, Vajina, İzolat

References

• Abbasi Montazeri, E., Seyed-Mohammadi, S., Asarehzadegan Dezfuli, A., Khosravi, A. D., Dastoorpoor, M., Roointan, M., & Saki, M. (2020). Investigation of SCCmec types I-IV in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran. Bioscience Reports, 40(5), BSR20200847.
• Akinjogunla, O. J. (2010). Virulence Factors , Plasmid Profiling and Curing analysis of Multi- drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp . Virulence Factors , Plasmid Profiling and Curing analysis of Multi- drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus a. Journal of American Science, 6(11), 1022–1033.
• Argemi, X., Hansmann, Y., Prola, K., & Prévost, G. (2019). Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Pathogenomics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(5), 2015.
• Azharollah, F. H., Abdullah, M. F. F., Nawi, S. F. A. M., & Abdul-Aziz, A. (2021). High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolated from commensals in healthy adults. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 17, 145–152.
• Becker, K., Heilmann, C., & Peters, G. (2014). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 27(4), 870–926.
• Büttner, H., Mack, D., & Rohde, H. (2015). Structural basis of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation: mechanisms and molecular interactions. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 5, 14.
• Chajęcka-Wierzchowska, W., Zadernowska, A., Nalepa, B., Sierpińska, M., & Łaniewska-Trokenheim, Ł. (2015). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from ready-to-eat food of animal origin--phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance. Food Microbiology, 46, 222–226.
• Garza-González, E., Morfín-Otero, R., Llaca-Díaz, J. M., & Rodriguez-Noriega, E. (2010). Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec) in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci. A review and the experience in a tertiary-care setting. Epidemiology and Infection, 138(5), 645–654.
• Geary, C., Jordens, J. Z., Richardson, J. F., Hawcroft, D. M., & Mitchell, C. J. (1997). Epidemiological typing of coagulase-negative Staphylococci from nosocomial infections. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 46(3), 195–203.
• Harris, L. G., Murray, S., Pascoe, B., Bray, J., Meric, G., Mageiros, L., Wilkinson, T. S., Jeeves, R., Rohde, H., Schwarz, S., de Lencastre, H., Miragaia, M., Rolo, J., Bowden, R., Jolley, K. A., Maiden, M. C. J., Mack, D., & Sheppard, S. K. (2016). Biofilm Morphotypes and Population Structure among Staphylococcus epidermidis from Commensal and Clinical Samples. PloS One, 11(3), e0151240.
• Hebeisen, U. P., Atkinson, A., Marschall, J., & Buetti, N. (2019). Catheter-related bloodstream infections with coagulase-negative Staphylococci: are antibiotics necessary if the catheter is removed? Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 8, 21.
• Hetsa, B. A., Kumar, A., & Ateba, C. N. (2018). Characterization of multiple antibiotic resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus isolated from pregnant women vagina. Folia Microbiologica, 63(5), 607–617.
• Koksal, F., Yasar, H., & Samasti, M. (2009). Antibiotic resistance patterns of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains isolated from blood cultures of septicemic patients in Turkey. Microbiological Research, 164(4), 404–410.
• Lagier, J.-C., Edouard, S., Pagnier, I., Mediannikov, O., Drancourt, M., & Raoult, D. (2015). Current and past strategies for bacterial culture in clinical microbiology. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 28(1), 208–236.
• Ma, X. X., Wang, E. H., Liu, Y., & Luo, E. J. (2011). Antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS): emergence of teicoplanin-non-susceptible CoNS strains with inducible resistance to vancomycin. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 60(Pt 11), 1661–1668.
• Manandhar, S., Singh, A., Varma, A., Pandey, S., & Shrivastava, N. (2021). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm producing clinical coagulase negative Staphylococci from Nepal and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 20(1), 41.
• Michels, R., Last, K., Becker, S. L., & Papan, C. (2021). Update on Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci-What the Clinician Should Know. Microorganisms, 9(4), 830.
• Peters, J., Price, J., & Llewelyn, M. (2017). Staphylococcal and Streptococcal infections. Medicine, 45(12), 727–734.
• Qu, Y., Daley, A. J., Istivan, T. S., Garland, S. M., & Deighton, M. A. (2010). Antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from very low birth weight babies: comprehensive comparisons of bacteria at different stages of biofilm formation. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 9, 16.
• Sawatzky, P., Liu, G., Dillon, J.-A. R., Allen, V., Lefebvre, B., Hoang, L., Tyrrell, G., Van Caeseele, P., Levett, P., & Martin, I. (2015). Quality Assurance for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada, 2003 to 2012. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 53(11), 3646–3649.