Developing a Tourism City

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 785 - 799, 28.06.2024

Serhat Bingöl

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1175601

Abstract

The study aims to reveal vital subjects about building a tourism city. However, the study is not about cities currently seen as tourism cities. It is about cities that wish to be tourism cities, focusing on 845 academic studies in tourism cities. In this context, a city that wishes to be a tourism city should take its agenda following subjects; (i) planning, (ii) transportation (iii) sustainability, environment, and carrying capacity, (iv) climate change, (v) urban spaces and gentrification, (vi) tourist-resident relationship, (vii) tourism and tourist segments, (viii) events, (ix) smart cities, and (x) branding and image. Therefore, multidimensional studies and an integrated tourism approach should be conducted to build a tourism city. Both urban tourists and residents should be considered from a broad perspective since building a tourism city does not happen by itself. All stakeholders need to be ready and willing to do so and the city must have special tourist attractions. Therefore, essential subjects in the building of a tourism city should always be on the agenda. It is assumed that considering these subjects as a road map will contribute to the proper understanding of the city’s economic and tourism resources. As a result, the fact that the subjects that play a role in building a tourism city are constantly on the agenda will encourage taking steps to fulfill the conditions of being a successful tourism city, considering the social, cultural, and environmental balances in the city.

Keywords

City, urban, city tourism, urban tourism, tourism destination

Bir Turizm Şehri Geliştirmek

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, bir turizm şehrinin inşasında rol oynayan önemli konuları ortaya koymaktır. Ancak çalışma, halihazırda bir turizm şehri olarak görülen şehirlerle ilgili değildir. Turizm şehirlerinde yapılan 845 akademik çalışmanın temel konularına odaklanarak, turizm şehri olmak isteyen diğer şehirlerle ilgilidir. Bu bağlamda, turizm şehri olmak isteyen bir şehrin, (i) planlama, (ii) ulaşım (iii) sürdürülebilirlik, çevre ve taşıma kapasitesi, (iv) iklim değişikliği, (v) kentsel mekânlar ve soylulaştırma, (vi) turist-yerel halk ilişkisi, (vii) turizm ve turist türleri, (viii) etkinlikler, (ix) akıllı şehirler ve (x) markalaşma ve imaj konularını sürekli gündeminde tutması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu nedenle, bir turizm şehri inşa etmek için çok yönlü çalışmalar ve bütünleşik turizm yaklaşımının sergilenmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Turistlerin talepleri kadar, yerel halkın katılımının ön plana alındığı geniş bir çerçeveden bakılmalıdır. Çünkü bir turizm şehrinin inşası kendiliğinden olmaz. Tüm paydaşların buna hazır ve istekli, şehrin ise özel turistik mekânlara sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, bir turizm şehrinin inşasında olmazsa olmaz konular daima gündemde olmalıdır. Bu konuların, bir yol haritası olarak ele alınması, şehrin ekonomik ve turizm kaynaklarının doğru değerlendirilmesine de katkı sağlayacağı varsayılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bir turizm şehri inşasında rol oynayan konuların sürekli gündemde olması, şehirdeki sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel dengeler gözetilerek hareket edilmesini ve başarılı bir turizm şehri olmanın şartlarını yerine getirmeye yönelik adımların atılmasını teşvik edecektir.

Keywords

Şehir, kent, şehir turizmi, kent turizmi, turizm destinasyonu

References

• Aall, C. ve Koens, K. (2019). The Discourse on Sustainable Urban Tourism: The Need for Discussing More Than Overtourism, Sustainability, 11(15): 4228.
• Ahmadi, M., Rahnamaii, M. ve Aliakbari, E. (2021). Assessment of Attractions and Urban Tourism Capacities in the Study System of Kermanshah Urban Development Plans from the Tourism Range, Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning, 15(4): 1069-1084.
• Ashworth, G. J. (2003). Urban Tourism: Still an Imbalance in Attention? İçinde; C. P. Cooper (Editör) Classic Reviews in Tourism (ss. 143-163). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
• Ashworth, G. J. ve Page, S. J. (2011). Urban Tourism Research: Recent Progress and Current Paradoxes, Tourism Management, 32(1): 1-15.
• Bellini, N. ve Pasquinelli, C. (2017). Tourism in the City. Springer.
• Bobo, T., Mudombi, T. P. & Gopo, E. (2021). Unlocking Urban Tourism Through City Branding: Taking Advantage of Forward Planning in Zimbabwe, International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities, 2(1): 45-58.
• Boivin, M. ve Tanguay, G. A. (2019). Analysis of the Determinants of Urban Tourism Attractiveness: The Case of Québec City and Bordeaux, Journal Of Destination Marketing & Management, 11: 67-79.
• Borseková, K., Vaňová, A. ve Vitálišová, K. (2017). Building Košice European Capital of Culture: Towards a Creative City? İçinde; N. Bellini ve C. Pasquinelli (Editörler) Tourism in the City (ss. 193-205). Springer.
• Clark, T. N. (2003). The City as an Entertainment Machine. Elsevier.
• Cohen, E. (2004). Contemporary Tourism: Diversity and Change. Elsevier.
• Cohen, S. A. ve Hopkins, D. (2019). Autonomous Vehicles and the Future of Urban Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 74: 33-42.
• Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
• Encalada-Abarca, L., Ferreira, C. C. ve Rocha, J. (2021). Measuring Tourism Intensification in Urban Destinations: An Approach Based on Fractal Analysis, Journal of Travel Research, 0047287520987627.
• Ferrucci, L., Sarti, S., Splendiani, S. ve Rodríguez, M. C. (2017). Enhancing the Tourism Image of Italian Regions Through Urban Events: The Case of Steve Mccurry’s Sensational Umbria Exhibition. İçinde; N. Bellini ve C. Pasquinelli (Editörler) Tourism in the City (ss. 235-245). Springer.
• Judd, D. R. (1995). Promoting Tourism in US Cities. Tourism Management, 16(3): 175-187.
• Gönç Şavran, T. (2012). Sosyolojide Araştırma Yöntem ve Teknikleri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Yayınları.
• Hayllar, B. ve Griffin, T. (2005). The Precinct Experience: A Phenomenological Approach, Tourism Management, 26(4): 517-528.
• Hayllar, B. R. ve Griffin, T. (2006). A tale of two precincts: a phenomenological analysis. Cutting Edge Research in Tourism.
• Hayllar, B., Griffin, T. ve Edwards, D. (2008). City Spaces-Tourist places. Routledge.
• Kim, H. (2019). An Analysis in Satisfaction of Urban Tourism Influenced by Convenience Of Transportation: Mokpo City in Jeonnam Province, Culinary Science & Hospitality Research, 25(9): 1-6.
• Kwag, S. I., Hur, U. ve Ko, Y. D. (2021). Sustainable Electric Personal Mobility: The Design of a Wireless Charging Infrastructure for Urban Tourism, Sustainability, 13(3): 1270.
• Lalicic, L. ve Önder, I. (2018). Residents’ Involvement in Urban Tourism Planning: Opportunities from a Smart City Perspective, Sustainability, 10(6): 1852.
• Law, C. M. (2002). Urban Tourism: The Visitor Economy and the Growth of Large Cities. London: Continuum.
• Lazzeretti, L., Capone, F. ve Casadei, P. (2017). The Role of Fashion for Tourism: An Analysis of Florence as a Manufacturing Fashion City and Beyond. İçinde; N. Bellini ve C. Pasquinelli (Editörler) Tourism in the City (ss. 207-220). Springer.
• Liberato, D., Costa, E., Liberato, P. ve Ribeiro, J. (2020). The Role of Events and Music Festivals in Urban Tourism: Case Study. İçinde; A. Rocha, A. Abreu, J. V. de Carvalho, D. Liberato, E. A. González & P. Liberato (Editörler) Advances in Tourism, Technology and Smart Systems (ss. 537-549). Springer.
• Lopes, H. S., Remoaldo, P. C., Ribeiro, V. ve Martín-Vide, J. (2021). Perceptions of Human Thermal Comfort in sn Urban Tourism Destination-A Case Study of Porto (Portugal), Building and Environment, 205: 108246.
• Maciocco, G. (2008). Urban landscape perspectives. In Urban Landscape Perspectives (pp. 1-25). Springer.
• Mackiewicz, B. ve Konecka-Szydłowska, B. (2017). Green Tourism: Attractions and Initiatives of Polish Cittaslow Cities. İçinde; N. Bellini ve C. Pasquinelli (Editörler) Tourism in the City (ss. 297-309). Springer.
• Maitland, R. ve Ritchie, B. W. (2009). City Tourism: National Capital Perspectives. CABI.
• Maitland, R. ve Newman, P. (2009). World Tourism Cities: Developing Tourism of the Beaten Track. Routledge.
• Mazanec, J. A. ve Wöber, K. W. (2010). Analyzing International City Tourism. Springer.
• McDonnell, I. & Darcy, S. (1998). Tourism Precincts: A Factor in Bali’s Rise in Fortune and Fiji’s Fall from Favour-An Australian Perspective, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 4(4): 353-367.
• Meyer-Arendt, K. J. (1990). Recreational Business Districts in Gulf of Mexico Seaside Resorts, Journal of Cultural Geography, 11(1): 39-55.
• Mo, J. ve Ren, F. (2021). Analysis on the Countermeasures of Optimizing Urban Tourism Public Service System under the Background of Smart City, Complexity, 6642404.
• Neuman, W. L. (2006). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri, Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar. (Çeviren: Sedef Özge). Yayın Odası. Page, S. (1995). Urban Tourism. Routledge.
• Pandy, W. R. ve Rogerson, C. M. (2019). Urban Tourism and Climate Change: Risk Perceptions of Business Tourism Stakeholders in Johannesburg, South Africa, Urbani Izziv, 30: 225-243.
• Sevin, E. (2017). Globetrotters and Brands: Cities in an Emerging Communicative Space. İçinde; N. Bellini ve C. Pasquinelli (Editörler) Tourism in the City (ss. 109-122). Springer.
• Shoval, N. (2018). Urban Planning and Tourism in European Cities. Tourism Geographies, 20(3): 371-376.
• Tarkowski, M., Połom, M. ve Puzdrakiewicz, K. (2021). Bridging Tourist Attractions. The Role of Waterbuses in Urban Tourism Development: The Case Of The Coastal City of Gdańsk (Poland), GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 34(1): 126-131.
• Wach, E. (2013). Learning about qualitative document analysis. Institute of Development Studies.
• Wang, D. G., Niu, Y. ve Qian, J. (2018). Evolution and Optimization of China’s Urban Tourism Spatial Structure: A High Speed Rail Perspective, Tourism Management, 64: 218-232.
• Zeng, J., Wen, Y., Bi, C. ve Feiock, R. (2021). Effect of Tourism Development on Urban Air Pollution in China: The Moderating Role of Tourism Infrastructure, Journal of Cleaner Production, 280: 124397.