Research Article
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Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture

Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 154 - 159, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.665271

Abstract

The effects of different levels of an eubiotic on laying performance, egg quality parameters, serum enzymes and antioxidant levels, and egg yolk fatty acid composition were examined in the present study. Six diets were formulated to contain 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg EFA. Each diet was randomly fed to a group of 24 hens for 10 weeks, housed in 6 separate cages (4 hens per cage). Average egg weight was remarkably increased as an effect of EFA dietary supplementation. In comparison to the control group (89.2%), significantly higher egg production rates of 93.7 and 96.7% were observed in the groups of hens fed diets supplemented with 800 and 1000 mg/kg EFA, respectively. An improvement of 5 to 11% in FCR of EFA supplemented groups was found. Concerning the other examined parameters, only shell breaking strength was increased by 30-36% in EFA supplemented groups at the level of 200, 800 and 1000 mg/kg, whereas no significant differences in egg yolk fatty acid composition, serum enzymes and antioxidant levels were observed among groups. In conclusion, an improved hen performance at late laying phase could be achieved as an effect of EFA dietary supplementation at the level of 1000 mg/kg.

References

  • Akbari M., Torki M., Kaviani K., 2016. Single and combined effects of peppermint and thyme essential oils on productive performance, egg quality traits, and blood parameters of laying hens reared under cold stress condition (6.8±3°C). International Journal of Biometeorology 60: 447-454.
  • Alagawany M., and Abd El-Hack M.E., 2015. The effect of rosemary herb as a dietary supplement on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, and oxidative status in laying hens. Journal of Animal and Feed Science 24:341-347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65617/2015
  • Anonymous, 2000. Sherlock microbial identification system. Version 4 MIS Operating Manuel, Newark, DE, USA. AOAC. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International; 2000. 485
  • Bölükbaşı, S.C., Erhan, M.K. and Ürusan, H., 2010. The effects of supplementation of bergamot oil (citrus bergamia) on egg production, egg quality, fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science 47: 163-169. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.009072
  • Bölükbaşı, S.C., Erhan, M.K., Kaynar, O., 2008. The effect of feeding thyme, sage and rosemary oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some proteins ratio of egg yolk and escherichia coli count in feces. Archive fur Geflügelkunde 72: 231-237
  • Bozin, B., Mimica-Dukic, N., Simin, N., and Anackov, G., 2006. Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lami-aceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. Journal of Agriculturel and Food Chemistry 54: 1822-1828, DOI: 10.1021/jf051922u.
  • Cabuk, M., Bozkurt, M., Alcicek, A., Catli, A.U., and Baser, K.H., 2006. Effect of a dietary essential oil mixture on performance of laying hens in the summer season. South African Journal of Animal Science 36: 215-221.
  • Chantiratikul, A., Chinrasri, O., Chantiratikul, P., 2017. Effect of selenium from selenium-enriched kale sprout versus other selenium sources on productivity and selenium concentrations in egg and tissue of laying hens. Biology Trace Elements Research 182: 105-110. doi:10.1007/s12011-017-1069-0
  • Folch, J., M. Less, M., Sloane, G.H., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues Journal of Biology and Chemistry 226: 497-509.
  • Gadde, U., Kim, W.H., Oh S., and Lillehoj H.S., 2017. Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: A Review. Animal Health Research Review 18: 26-45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252316000207
  • Gaggìa, F., Mattarelli, P., and Biavati, B., 2010. Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding for safe food production. International Journal of Food Microbiology 141: 15-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.031.
  • Giannenas, I., Papaneophytou, C. P., Tsalie, E., Pappas, I., Triantafillou, E., Tontis, D., and Kontopidis G. A., 2014. Dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and essential oil compounds affects buffering capacity of the feeds, performance of turkey poults and their antioxidant status, ph in the digestive tract, intestinal microbiota and morphology. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 27: 225-236. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13376.
  • Huyghebaert, G., Ducatelle, R., and Van Immerseel, F., 2011. An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Veterinary Journal 187: 182-188. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.003.
  • Jiang, Z., Mohln, M., Schatzmayr, G., and Applegate, T.J., 2010. Net effect of an acute phase response – partial alleviation with probiotic supplementation. Poultry Science 89: 28-33. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00464.
  • Kaya, A., Kaya, H., Macit, M., Çelebi, Ş., Esenbuğa, N., Yörük, M.A., Karaoğlu, M., 2013.Effects of Dietary Inclision of Plant Extract Mixture and Copper into Layer Diets on Egg Yield and Quality, Yolk Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Composition. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19(4): 473-479.
  • Kaya, A., Kaya, H., Gül, M. and Çelebi, Ş., 2014a.Geç Dönemde Organik Asit İlavesinin Yumurta Performansı, Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri ve Bağırsak pH’sı Üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 45(1): 15-19.
  • Kaya, A., Kaya, H., Gül, M., Çelebi, Ş., Timurkaan, S., Apaydın, B., 2014b. Effects of supplementation of different levels of organic acids mixture to the diet on performance, egg quality parameters, serum traits and histological criteria of laying hens.
  • Kulshreshtha, G., Rathgeber, B., Macisaac, J., Boulianne, M., Brigitte, L., Stratton, G., Thomas, N.A., Critchley, A.T., Hafting, J., and Prithivira, B., 2017. Feed supplementation with red seaweeds, chondrus crispus and sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, reduce salmonella enteritidis in laying hens. Frontiers in Microbiology 8: 567. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00567
  • Li, D.D., Ding, X.M., Zhang, K.Y., Bai, S.P., Wang, J.P., Zeng, Q.F., Su, Z.W., and Kang, L., 2017. Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on the performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility and plasma parameters of laying hens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 225: 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.12.010.
  • Loetscher, Y., Kreuzer, M., and Messikommer, R.E., 2014. Late laying hens deposit dietary antioxidants preferentially in the egg and not in the body. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 23: 647-660. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2014-00973.
  • Mirzaie, S., Zaghari, M., Aminzadeh, S., Shivazad, M., and Mateos, G.G., 2012. Effects of wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation of the diet on productive performance, nutrient retention, and endogenous intestinal enzyme activity of laying hens. Poultry Science 91: 413-425. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01686.
  • Mohan, B., Kadirvel, R., Bhaskaran, M., and Natarajan, A., 1995. Effect of probiotic supplementation on serum/yolk cholesterol and on eggshell thickness in layers. British Poultry Science 36: 799-803. DOI: 10.1080/00071669508417824.
  • NRC, 1994. National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  • Olgun, O., 2016. The effect of dietary essential oil mixture supplementation on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics in laying hens. Annals of Animal Science 16: 1115-1125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0038.
  • Pineda-Quirogaa, C., Atxaerandioa, R., Zubiriaa, I., Gonzalez-Pozueloa, I., Hurtadob, A., Ruiza, R., and Garcia-Rodrigueza, A., 2017. Productive performance and cecal microbial counts of floor housed laying hens supplemented with dry whey powder alone or combined with Pediococcus acidilactici in the late phase of production. Livestock Science 195: 9-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.007.
  • Saleh, A.A., Gálik, B., Arpášová, H., Capcarová, M., Kalafová, A., Šimko, M., Juráček, M., Rolinec, M., Bíro, D., and Abudabos, A. M., 2017. Synergistic effect of feeding aspergillus awamori and lactic acid bacteria on performance, egg traits, egg yolk cholesterol and fatty acid profile in laying hens. Italian Journal of Animal Science 16: 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2016.1269300.
  • Świątkiewicz, S., Arczewska-Włosek, A., Krawczyk, J., Szczurek, W., Puchała, M., and Józefiak, D., 2018. Effect of selected feed additives on egg performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed a diet with standard or decreased calcium content. Annals of Animal Science 18: 167-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0038.
  • Torallardona, D., Broz, J., Paulus, C., and Meuter, A., 2016. Efficacy of a combination of eubiotics in escherichia coli k88 challenged piglets. In:2nd International Symposium on Alternatives to Antibiotics (ATA) Challenges and Solutions in Animal Production OIE Headquarters, 12-15 December, Paris, France.
  • Weber, G.M., Michalczuk M., Huyghebaert, G., Juin H., Kwakernaak, C., and Gracia, M. I., 2012. Effects of a blend of essential oil compounds and benzoic acid on performance of broiler chickens as revealed by a meta-analysis of 4 growth trials in various locations. Poultry Science 91: 2820-2828. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02243.
  • Yasar S., and Yegen, M. 2017. Yeast fermented additive enhances broiler growth. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 46: 814-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-92902017001000004.
  • Yasar, S., Okutan, I., and Tosun, R., 2017. Testing novel eubiotic additives: its health and performance effects in commercially raised farm animals. Iğdır Universty Journal of Institute of Science Technology 7: 297-308.
  • Yasar, S., Gok, M.S., and Gurbuz, Y., 2016. Performance of broilers fed raw or fermented and re-dried wheat, barley and oats grains. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 40: 313-323. doi:10.3906/vet-1505-44.
  • Yasar, S., and Gok, M.S., 2014. Fattening performance of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) fed on diets with high levels of dry fermented wheat, barley and oats grains in whey with citrus pomace. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 71: 51-62.
  • Yoruk, M.A., Gul, M., Hayirli, A., and Macit M., 2004. The Effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens. Poultry Science 83: 84-88. DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.1.84.
Year 2019, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 154 - 159, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.665271

Abstract

References

  • Akbari M., Torki M., Kaviani K., 2016. Single and combined effects of peppermint and thyme essential oils on productive performance, egg quality traits, and blood parameters of laying hens reared under cold stress condition (6.8±3°C). International Journal of Biometeorology 60: 447-454.
  • Alagawany M., and Abd El-Hack M.E., 2015. The effect of rosemary herb as a dietary supplement on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, and oxidative status in laying hens. Journal of Animal and Feed Science 24:341-347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65617/2015
  • Anonymous, 2000. Sherlock microbial identification system. Version 4 MIS Operating Manuel, Newark, DE, USA. AOAC. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International; 2000. 485
  • Bölükbaşı, S.C., Erhan, M.K. and Ürusan, H., 2010. The effects of supplementation of bergamot oil (citrus bergamia) on egg production, egg quality, fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens. Journal of Poultry Science 47: 163-169. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.009072
  • Bölükbaşı, S.C., Erhan, M.K., Kaynar, O., 2008. The effect of feeding thyme, sage and rosemary oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some proteins ratio of egg yolk and escherichia coli count in feces. Archive fur Geflügelkunde 72: 231-237
  • Bozin, B., Mimica-Dukic, N., Simin, N., and Anackov, G., 2006. Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lami-aceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. Journal of Agriculturel and Food Chemistry 54: 1822-1828, DOI: 10.1021/jf051922u.
  • Cabuk, M., Bozkurt, M., Alcicek, A., Catli, A.U., and Baser, K.H., 2006. Effect of a dietary essential oil mixture on performance of laying hens in the summer season. South African Journal of Animal Science 36: 215-221.
  • Chantiratikul, A., Chinrasri, O., Chantiratikul, P., 2017. Effect of selenium from selenium-enriched kale sprout versus other selenium sources on productivity and selenium concentrations in egg and tissue of laying hens. Biology Trace Elements Research 182: 105-110. doi:10.1007/s12011-017-1069-0
  • Folch, J., M. Less, M., Sloane, G.H., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues Journal of Biology and Chemistry 226: 497-509.
  • Gadde, U., Kim, W.H., Oh S., and Lillehoj H.S., 2017. Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: A Review. Animal Health Research Review 18: 26-45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252316000207
  • Gaggìa, F., Mattarelli, P., and Biavati, B., 2010. Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding for safe food production. International Journal of Food Microbiology 141: 15-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.031.
  • Giannenas, I., Papaneophytou, C. P., Tsalie, E., Pappas, I., Triantafillou, E., Tontis, D., and Kontopidis G. A., 2014. Dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and essential oil compounds affects buffering capacity of the feeds, performance of turkey poults and their antioxidant status, ph in the digestive tract, intestinal microbiota and morphology. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 27: 225-236. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13376.
  • Huyghebaert, G., Ducatelle, R., and Van Immerseel, F., 2011. An update on alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters for broilers. Veterinary Journal 187: 182-188. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.003.
  • Jiang, Z., Mohln, M., Schatzmayr, G., and Applegate, T.J., 2010. Net effect of an acute phase response – partial alleviation with probiotic supplementation. Poultry Science 89: 28-33. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00464.
  • Kaya, A., Kaya, H., Macit, M., Çelebi, Ş., Esenbuğa, N., Yörük, M.A., Karaoğlu, M., 2013.Effects of Dietary Inclision of Plant Extract Mixture and Copper into Layer Diets on Egg Yield and Quality, Yolk Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Composition. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19(4): 473-479.
  • Kaya, A., Kaya, H., Gül, M. and Çelebi, Ş., 2014a.Geç Dönemde Organik Asit İlavesinin Yumurta Performansı, Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri ve Bağırsak pH’sı Üzerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 45(1): 15-19.
  • Kaya, A., Kaya, H., Gül, M., Çelebi, Ş., Timurkaan, S., Apaydın, B., 2014b. Effects of supplementation of different levels of organic acids mixture to the diet on performance, egg quality parameters, serum traits and histological criteria of laying hens.
  • Kulshreshtha, G., Rathgeber, B., Macisaac, J., Boulianne, M., Brigitte, L., Stratton, G., Thomas, N.A., Critchley, A.T., Hafting, J., and Prithivira, B., 2017. Feed supplementation with red seaweeds, chondrus crispus and sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, reduce salmonella enteritidis in laying hens. Frontiers in Microbiology 8: 567. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00567
  • Li, D.D., Ding, X.M., Zhang, K.Y., Bai, S.P., Wang, J.P., Zeng, Q.F., Su, Z.W., and Kang, L., 2017. Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on the performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility and plasma parameters of laying hens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 225: 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.12.010.
  • Loetscher, Y., Kreuzer, M., and Messikommer, R.E., 2014. Late laying hens deposit dietary antioxidants preferentially in the egg and not in the body. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 23: 647-660. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2014-00973.
  • Mirzaie, S., Zaghari, M., Aminzadeh, S., Shivazad, M., and Mateos, G.G., 2012. Effects of wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation of the diet on productive performance, nutrient retention, and endogenous intestinal enzyme activity of laying hens. Poultry Science 91: 413-425. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01686.
  • Mohan, B., Kadirvel, R., Bhaskaran, M., and Natarajan, A., 1995. Effect of probiotic supplementation on serum/yolk cholesterol and on eggshell thickness in layers. British Poultry Science 36: 799-803. DOI: 10.1080/00071669508417824.
  • NRC, 1994. National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  • Olgun, O., 2016. The effect of dietary essential oil mixture supplementation on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics in laying hens. Annals of Animal Science 16: 1115-1125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0038.
  • Pineda-Quirogaa, C., Atxaerandioa, R., Zubiriaa, I., Gonzalez-Pozueloa, I., Hurtadob, A., Ruiza, R., and Garcia-Rodrigueza, A., 2017. Productive performance and cecal microbial counts of floor housed laying hens supplemented with dry whey powder alone or combined with Pediococcus acidilactici in the late phase of production. Livestock Science 195: 9-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.007.
  • Saleh, A.A., Gálik, B., Arpášová, H., Capcarová, M., Kalafová, A., Šimko, M., Juráček, M., Rolinec, M., Bíro, D., and Abudabos, A. M., 2017. Synergistic effect of feeding aspergillus awamori and lactic acid bacteria on performance, egg traits, egg yolk cholesterol and fatty acid profile in laying hens. Italian Journal of Animal Science 16: 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2016.1269300.
  • Świątkiewicz, S., Arczewska-Włosek, A., Krawczyk, J., Szczurek, W., Puchała, M., and Józefiak, D., 2018. Effect of selected feed additives on egg performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed a diet with standard or decreased calcium content. Annals of Animal Science 18: 167-183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0038.
  • Torallardona, D., Broz, J., Paulus, C., and Meuter, A., 2016. Efficacy of a combination of eubiotics in escherichia coli k88 challenged piglets. In:2nd International Symposium on Alternatives to Antibiotics (ATA) Challenges and Solutions in Animal Production OIE Headquarters, 12-15 December, Paris, France.
  • Weber, G.M., Michalczuk M., Huyghebaert, G., Juin H., Kwakernaak, C., and Gracia, M. I., 2012. Effects of a blend of essential oil compounds and benzoic acid on performance of broiler chickens as revealed by a meta-analysis of 4 growth trials in various locations. Poultry Science 91: 2820-2828. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02243.
  • Yasar S., and Yegen, M. 2017. Yeast fermented additive enhances broiler growth. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 46: 814-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-92902017001000004.
  • Yasar, S., Okutan, I., and Tosun, R., 2017. Testing novel eubiotic additives: its health and performance effects in commercially raised farm animals. Iğdır Universty Journal of Institute of Science Technology 7: 297-308.
  • Yasar, S., Gok, M.S., and Gurbuz, Y., 2016. Performance of broilers fed raw or fermented and re-dried wheat, barley and oats grains. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 40: 313-323. doi:10.3906/vet-1505-44.
  • Yasar, S., and Gok, M.S., 2014. Fattening performance of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) fed on diets with high levels of dry fermented wheat, barley and oats grains in whey with citrus pomace. Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 71: 51-62.
  • Yoruk, M.A., Gul, M., Hayirli, A., and Macit M., 2004. The Effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens. Poultry Science 83: 84-88. DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.1.84.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Şaziye Canan Bölükbaşı Aktaş 0000-0003-1153-3489

Sulhattin Yaşar This is me 0000-0001-9334-1303

Fatih Muhammed Yıldırım This is me 0000-0002-5800-3437

Hafiz Ghulam Qutab Ud Din This is me 0000-0002-7383-6584

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Acceptance Date November 25, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 34 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bölükbaşı Aktaş, Ş. C., Yaşar, S., Yıldırım, F. M., Qutab Ud Din, H. G. (2019). Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 34(2), 154-159. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.665271
AMA Bölükbaşı Aktaş ŞC, Yaşar S, Yıldırım FM, Qutab Ud Din HG. Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. December 2019;34(2):154-159. doi:10.28955/alinterizbd.665271
Chicago Bölükbaşı Aktaş, Şaziye Canan, Sulhattin Yaşar, Fatih Muhammed Yıldırım, and Hafiz Ghulam Qutab Ud Din. “Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 34, no. 2 (December 2019): 154-59. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.665271.
EndNote Bölükbaşı Aktaş ŞC, Yaşar S, Yıldırım FM, Qutab Ud Din HG (December 1, 2019) Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 34 2 154–159.
IEEE Ş. C. Bölükbaşı Aktaş, S. Yaşar, F. M. Yıldırım, and H. G. Qutab Ud Din, “Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture”, Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 154–159, 2019, doi: 10.28955/alinterizbd.665271.
ISNAD Bölükbaşı Aktaş, Şaziye Canan et al. “Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 34/2 (December 2019), 154-159. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.665271.
JAMA Bölükbaşı Aktaş ŞC, Yaşar S, Yıldırım FM, Qutab Ud Din HG. Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. 2019;34:154–159.
MLA Bölükbaşı Aktaş, Şaziye Canan et al. “Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, vol. 34, no. 2, 2019, pp. 154-9, doi:10.28955/alinterizbd.665271.
Vancouver Bölükbaşı Aktaş ŞC, Yaşar S, Yıldırım FM, Qutab Ud Din HG. Enhanced Egg Weight, Egg Production and Shell Breaking Strength in Late Laying Period of Hens Fed a Diet Containing a Eubiotic Mixture. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. 2019;34(2):154-9.