The Preliminary Study on Effects of Pollinating Insects in Canola (Brassica napus L.) Production

Year 2020, , 245 - 250, 15.12.2020

Mehmet Aldemir Aydın Ünay

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.834983

Abstract

Although canola (Brassica napus L.) plants are mainly self-pollinating, the cross pollination by insect increases yield. The study was carried out at Aegean Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Menemen/Izmir in 2016/2017 growing season. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block with three replications. The treatments consisted of caged with honeybee, caged with bombus, caged without bees and open pollination. 96% of the collected insects from open pollination plots were honeybees. It was determined that flowering period significantly shortened (5.8 days) in plots with bee compared with caged without bee, while seed number per pod (4.6), thousand seed weight (0.25 g), seed yield (1398 kg ha-1), oil yield (776 kg ha-1) and oil rate (1.24%) increased. Also, the contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate level resulted in an increase by pollinator visit. It was concluded that pollination by insect affected yield, yield components and composition of fatty acid in canola. The results of this preliminary study should be supported by the research findings from multi locations and years.

Keywords

Canola, Brassica napus L., pollination, honeybee, Apis mellifera L., bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L., yield, yield components, fatty acids

Supporting Institution

Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, Menemen-İzmir

References

• Abrol, D. P. 2007. Honeybees rapeseed pollinator plant interaction. Advances in Botanical Research 45: 337-369.
• Adamidis, G. C., R. V. Cartar, A. P. Melathopoulos, S. F. Pernal and S. E. Hoover. 2019. Pollinators enhance crop yield and shorten the growing season by modulating plant functional characteristics: A comparison of 23 canola varieties. Scientific Reports 9: 14208.
• Adegas, J. E. B., and R. H. Nogueira-Couto. 1992. Entomophilous pollination in rape (Brassica napus L. var oleifera) in Brazil. Apidologie 23: 203-209.
• Anonymous. 1977. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 12th ed., Washington. U.S.A.
• Anonymous. 2008. The biology of Brassica napus L. (canola). Australian Government Office of the Gene Technology Regulator. http://www.ogtr.gov.au.
• Anonymous. 2017. General Directorate of Meteorological Service. Izmir-Turkey.
• Anonymous. 2018. FAO Database (www.fao.org).
• Anonymous. 2019. Turkey Statistic Institute (TUIK). Crop Production Statistics (www.turkstat.gov.tr).
• Bommarco, R., L. Marini and B. E. Vaissière. 2012. Insect pollination enhances seed yield, quality, and market value in oilseed rape. Oecologia 169: 1025-1032.
• Brittain, C., C. Kremen, A. Garber, and A. M. Klein. 2014. Pollination and plant resources change the nutrional quality of almonds for human health. PLOS One. 9 (2): e90082.
• Christie, W. W. 1973. Lipid Analysis. Pergamon Pres. Oxford. England.
• Daun, J. K., and D. I. McGegor. 1983. Glucosinolate Analysis of Rapeseed (Canola). Method of the Canadian Gain Commission Gain Research Laboratory. Agriculture Canada. Canadian Gain Commission. Winnipeg.
• Ganlund, M. and D. C. Zimmerman. 1975. Oil content of sunflower seeds as determined by wide-line nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The North Dakota Academy of Science 27: 128-133.
• Gowers, S. 1981. Self-pollination in swedes (Brassica napus ssp. rapifera) and its implications for cultivar production. Euphytica 30 (3): 813-817.
• Harrad, E. H., Z. A. Fatemi, and A. Nabloussi. 2015. Comparative study of the effect of absence entomophilous pollination on the productivity of rapeseed and faba bean. International Journal of Plant. Animal and Environmental Sciences 5 (2): 36-44.
• Kamel, S. M., H. M. Mahfouz, A. E. F. Blal, M. Said, and M. F. Mahmoud. 2015. Diversity of insect pollinators with reference to their impact on yield production of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Ismalia. Egypt. Pestic. Phytomed 30 (3): 161-168.
• Korkmaz, A. 2003. Çukurova bölgesinde bal arılarının (Apis mellifera L.) arıotu (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham) ve yemlik kolza (Brassica napus L. Metzg.) ile olan bazı ilişkilerinin saptanması üzerine bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.
• Kotowski, Z. 2005. The effect of pollinating insects on the yield of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. napus f. biennis) cultivars. Journal of Apicultural Science 49: 29-41.
• Lindström, S. A. M., L. Herbertsson, M. Rundlõf, H. G. Smith, and R. Bommarco. 2016. Large-scale pollination experiment demonstrates the importance of insect pollination in winter oilseed rape. Oecologia. 180: 759-769.
• Manning, R., and I. Wallis. 2005. Seed yields in canola (Brassica napus cv. Karoo) depend on the distance of plants from honeybee apiaries. Australian Journal of Agriculture 45: 1307-1313.
• Mesquida, J., M. Renard, and J. S. Pierre. 1988. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) productivity: The effect of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and different pollination conditions in cage and field tests. Apidologie 19: 51-72.
• Munawar, M. S., G. Sarwar, S. Raja, E. S. Waghchoure, F. Iftikhar, and R. Mahmood. 2009. Pollination by honeybee (Apis mellifera) increases seed setting and yield in black seed (Nigella sativa). International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 11:611-615.
• Mussury, R. M., and W. Fernandes. 2000. Studies of the floral biology and reproductive system of Brassica napus L. (Cruciferae). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 43 (1): 111-117.
• Ockendon, D. J. 1972. Pollen tube growth and the site of the incompatibility reaction in Brassica oleracea. New Phytologist 71: 519-522.
• Oz, M., A. Karasu, İ. Cakmak, A. T. Goksoy, and N. Ozmen, N. 2008. Effect of honeybees pollination on seed setting, yield and quality characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus oleifera). Indian Journal of Agicultural Sciences 78 (8): 680-683.
• Russel, D. F. 1986. MSTAT- A software package for the design. Management. and Analysis of agronomic experiments (Version 4.0). Michigan. U.S.A.
• Sabbahi, R., D. Oliveira, and J. Marceau. 2005. Influence of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) density on the production of canola (Crucifera: Brassicacae). Journal of Economic Entomology 98 (2): 367-372.
• Steel, R. G. D., and J. H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Second Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York.
• Treu, R., and J. Emberlin. 2000. Pollen dispersal in the crops maize (Zea mays), oil seed rape (Brassica napus ssp oleifera), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). 1-54. http://www.soilassociation.org. Erişim: 05.06.2020.
• Williams, I., A. P. Martin, and R. P. White. 1986. The pollination requirements of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science 106: 27-30.
• Witter, S. B., P. Blochtein, F. P. Nunes-Silva, B. B. Tirelli, Lisboa. C. Bremm, and R. Lanzer. 2014. The bee community and its relationship to canola seed production in homogenous agricultural areas. Journal of Pollination Ecology 12 (3): 15-21.
• Witter, S., P. Nunes-Silva, B. B. Lisboa, F. P. Tirelli, A. Sattler, S. B. Hilgert-Moreira, and B. Blochtein. 2015. Stingless bees as alternative pollinators of canola. Journal of Economic Entomology 108 (3): 880-886.
• Xie, L., B. Xu, Y. Sun, F. Zhao, J. Yin, and Y. Geng. 2011. The effect of pollination by honeybees on yield of oilseed rape and fatty acid composition of rapeseed. Journal of Bee 4: 41-43.