BÜYÜK İSTİFA DALGASI VE TÜRK İŞGÜCÜ PİYASALARI: YAPISAL PERSPEKTİFTEN BİR ANALİZ

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 378 - 417, 29.09.2024

Şenol Baştürk

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1431663

Abstract

Pandemi döneminin işgücü piyasalarında yarattığı en ilgi çekici sonuçlardan birisi, kapanma döneminin ardından gönüllü istifa oranlarının çarpıcı biçimde artışıdır. Akademik araştırmaların büyük bir kısmı, büyük istifa olgusuyla 21. Yüzyılın çalışma karşıtı kültürü arasında bağlar kuran işgücü arz açıkları perspektifine sahiptir. Ancak bu yaklaşım, olgunun boyutlarını anlama ve işgücü piyasalarındaki farklılaşmaları kavrama konusunda yapısal perspektif tarafından yetersiz bulunmuştur. Yapısal perspektifteki çalışmaların ampirik sonuçları, büyük istifanın ücretli çalışmadan çıkma olarak tanımlanmasını desteklemez. Hareketliliklerin tabakalı işgücü piyasalarının mantığına uygun olarak birincil işgücü piyasalarında dijital beceri sahiplerinin fırsat alanlarının genişlemesine; ikincil işgücü piyasalarında ise çalışanların düzenli işlere geçişi şeklinde iki temel biçime sahip olduğunu iddia eder. Bu çalışma yapısal perspektifin varsayımlarının Türk işgücü piyasaları için test edilmesine odaklanmaktadır. Yapılan betimsel analizde, Türkiye’de pandemi döneminde işten işe geçişlerin özellikle ikincil işgücü piyasalarında arttığını ve bunun düzenli işlere geçişlere uygun bir niteliğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna karşın birincil piyasalarda benzer bir hareketliliğe dair bulgular ile karşılaşılmamıştır.

Keywords

Büyük İstifa, Türk İşgücü Piyasaları, Tabakalı İşgücü Piyasaları, Dijital Beceriler

THE GREAT RESIGNATION AND TURKISH LABOUR MARKETS: AN ANALYSIS FROM STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour markets have given rise to discussions regarding the notable phenomenon referred to as the great resignation. Scholarly investigations into this phenomenon commonly embrace the viewpoint of the "labour supply gap," interpreting the great resignation as an integral component of the anti-work movement in 21st-century societies. Nonetheless, the structural perspective indicates that the explanation of the phenomenon, when viewed through the lens of the labour supply gap, is lacking. They believe that the labour supply perspective fails to consider essential dimensions of the phenomenon and lacks an understanding of the prevailing trends in labour markets during the pandemic era. The empirical analysis of structural perspectives does not support any evidence linking the pandemic era to the rise of anti-work movements. The logic of the polarized labour market structure has led to the categorization of increased labour market mobilities during the pandemic era into primary and secondary segments. Employees with digital skills in primary segments have witnessed increased job opportunities across various industries. On the other hand, there has been a rise in the employment of workers in the secondary sectors, particularly in more organized workplaces, after the widespread job-to-job transitions. The aims of this paper is to empirically examine the primary hypotheses of the structural perspective on the great resignation phenomenon using data from Turkish labour markets. The results of the descriptive analysis have confirmed the hypothesis of the structural analysis regarding the increased job-to-job transitions in the secondary segment of the Turkish labour markets during the pandemic era. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence supporting the expansion of employment opportunities for individuals with digital skills in primary sectors of the Turkish labour market.

Keywords

The Great Resignation, Turkish Labour Markets, Segmented Labour Markets, Digital Skills

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