Research Article
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THE IMPACT OF LABOUR MARKET REGULATIONS ON THE MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF TÜRKİYE: AN ARDL BOUNDS TEST APPROACH

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 498 - 517, 29.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1443334

Abstract

The relationship between labour market regulations and macroeconomic performance is accepted as a complex and controversial issue in the economics literature. The research investigates the effect of labour market regulations on Türkiye’s macroeconomic performance during the period of 1980–2021, using the Labour Market Regulations Index (LMRI), which reflects the flexibility or rigidity of the labour market regulations and based on seven dimensions, and the Macroeconomic Performance Index (MPI) measured by the Magic Hypercube (MH) method, incorporating four aspects of economic performance which are economic growth, current account, inflation, and unemployment. The research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine the existence and direction of cointegration relationship between LMRI and MPI and finds out that there is a cointegration between them. Still, when checked in detail, it seems that labour market regulations do not have a statistically important long-term effect on Türkiye’s macroeconomic performance.

Project Number

BULUNMAMAKTADIR.

References

  • Adascalitei, D., & Pignatti Morano, C. (2016). Drivers and effects of labour market reforms: Evidence from a novel policy compendium. IZA Journal of Labour Policy, 5, 1-32.
  • Al, I., & Demirel, S. (2022). The evaluation of macroeconomic performance of Turkey with topsis method. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 202-222.
  • Belot, M., Boone, J., & Van Ours, J. C. (2014). Welfare-improving employment protection. Economic Journal. 124(581).
  • Burchardt, J. (2020). Flexicurity: The Danish Model. The Palgrave Handbook of Management History, 1163-1183.
  • Calderón, C., & Chong, A. (2005). Are labour market regulations an obstacle for long-term growth? In: Central banking, analysis, and economic policies book series: in Restrepo, J., Andrea, T. R., Loayza, N.
  • Coşkun, A. E. (2022). Evaluation of macroeconomic performances of BRICS-T economies: entropy-based waspas approach. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1320-1340. doi:10.46928/iticusbe.1134477
  • Daşbaşi, B., Barak, D., & Çelik, T. (2019). Analyzing the macroeconomic performance index for Turkey (1990-2017): artificial neural network approach. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 93-112.
  • Dereli, T. (2014). Flexicurity and Turkey’s New Labor Act: problems and prospects. In Labor and Employment Relations in a Globalized World: New Perspectives on Work, Social Policy and Labor Market Implications (pp. 135-158). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Doğan, H. (2022). Türkiye’nin makroekonomik performansının 2010-2020 yılları için CRITIC temelli aras yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. Academic Social Studies / Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar, 189-202.
  • Duval, R., & Furceri, D. (2018). The effects of labour and product market reforms: The role of macroeconomic conditions and policies. IMF Economic Review, 66, 31-69.
  • Eleren, A., & Karagül, M. (2008). Performance analysis of Turkish economy between 1986-2006. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 1-14.
  • Ernst, E., Merola, R., & Reljic, J. (2022). Labour market policies for inclusiveness: a literature review with a gap analysis (No. 78). ILO Working Paper.
  • European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. (2012). The second phase of flexicurity: an analysis of practices and policies in the Member States.
  • Fraser Institute. (2021). Economic Freedom of the World. Retrieved from Fraser Institute’s Data Page. https://www.fraserinstitute.org/economic-freedom/dataset?geozone=world&year=2021&page=dataset&min-year=2&max-year=0&filter=0
  • Gujarati, D.N. (1999). Essentials of econometrics. McGraw-Hill, 2nd edition, New York.
  • Güran, M. C., & Tosun, M. (2005). The macroeconomic performance of Turkey’s economy: a nonparametric measurement for 1951-2003 period. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 89-115.
  • Jha, P., & Golder, S. (2008). Labour Market Regulation and Economic Performance. International Labour Organization ILO.
  • Karabulut, K., Ersungur, Ş., & Polat, Ö. (2008). Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin ekonomik performanslarinin karşılaştırılması: veri zarflama analizi. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 1-11.
  • Kovaci, S., Belke, M., & Bolat, S. (2018). The effects of labour market regulations on unemployment: panel data evidence for selected OECD countries. Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 2030-2042.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?. Journal of econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • Liotti, G. (2020). Labour market flexibility, economic crisis and youth unemployment in Italy. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 150-162.
  • Liotti, G. (2022). Labour market regulation and youth unemployment in the EU-28. Italian Economic Journal, 77-103.
  • Majcher-Teleon, A., & Bardak, U. (2011). Flexicurity Analysis of the Labour Market in Turkey. ETF.
  • Marelli, E., Choudhry, M. T., & Signorelli, M. (2013). Youth and total unemployment rate: the impact of policies and institutions. Vita e Pensiero – Pubblicazioni dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 63-86.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1987). The outlook 1987. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-outlook-volume-1987-issue-1_eco_outlook-v1987-1-en#page19
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1994). The OECD jobs study facts, analysis, strategies. https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/1941679.pdf
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371--413.
  • Rafi, B. (2017). The impact of labour market regulation on the unemployment rate: evidence from OECD economies. Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Australian Government.
  • Saavedra-Rivano, N., & Teixeira, J. R. (2017). Magic hypercube and index of welfare and sustainability. EconomiA, 18(1), 88-97.
  • Squire, L., & Suthiwart-Narueput, S. (1997). The impact of labour market regulations. The World Bank Economic Review, 11(1), 119-143.
  • Tanrıöver, B., & Yamak, N. (2015). Nominal faiz oranı-genel fiyat düzeyi ilişkisinin Gibson Paradoksu çerçevesinde analizi. Maliye Dergisi, 168, 186-200.
  • United Nations Development Programme (2024). Türkiye ranks 45th of 193 countries in human development, new UNDP report says. https://www.undp.org/turkiye/press-releases/turkiye-ranks-45th-193-countries-human-development-new-undp-report-says#:~:text=Ankara%2C%2013%20March%202024%20-%20Türkiye,fourth%20year%20in%20a%20row.
  • Wang, C. N., & Le, A. L. (2018). Measuring the macroeconomic performance among developed countries and Asian developing countries: past, present, and future. Sustainability, 2-18.
  • World Economic Forum (2023). Global Gender Gap İnsight Report. Insight Report.
  • Yamak, R., & Erdem, H. F. (2017). Uygulamalı zaman serisi analizi. Celepler Matbaa Yayın ve Dağıtım, I. Baskı, Trabzon.

İŞGÜCÜ PİYASASI DÜZENLEMELERİNİN TÜRKİYE'NİN MAKROEKONOMİK PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ: ARDL SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMI

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 498 - 517, 29.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1443334

Abstract

İşgücü piyasası düzenlemeleri ile makroekonomik performans arasındaki ilişki, ekonomi literatüründe karmaşık ve tartışmalı bir konu olarak kabul edilir. Araştırma, Türkiye'nin 1980-2021 döneminde işgücü piyasası düzenlemelerinin makroekonomik performansı üzerindeki etkisini incelemekte; bunu yaparken, işgücü piyasası düzenlemelerinin esnekliğini veya katılığını yansıtan ve yedi boyutta temellendirilen İşgücü Piyasası Düzenlemeleri Endeksi (İPDE) ile ekonomik performansın ekonomik büyüme, cari hesap, enflasyon ve işsizlik olan dört yönünü içeren ve Sihirli Hiperküp (SH) yöntemi ile ölçülen Makroekonomik Performans Endeksi'ni (MPE) kullanmaktadır. Araştırma, İPDE ve MPE arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığını ve yönünü incelemek için Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikme (ARDL) modelini kullanmakta ve bu iki endeks arasında bir eşbütünleşme olduğunu bulmaktadır. Ancak daha detaylı bir inceleme yapıldığında, işgücü piyasası düzenlemelerinin Türkiye'nin makroekonomik performansı üzerinde uzun vadeli istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmektedir.

Ethical Statement

GEREKMEMEKTEDİR.

Supporting Institution

BULUNMAMAKTADIR.

Project Number

BULUNMAMAKTADIR.

References

  • Adascalitei, D., & Pignatti Morano, C. (2016). Drivers and effects of labour market reforms: Evidence from a novel policy compendium. IZA Journal of Labour Policy, 5, 1-32.
  • Al, I., & Demirel, S. (2022). The evaluation of macroeconomic performance of Turkey with topsis method. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 202-222.
  • Belot, M., Boone, J., & Van Ours, J. C. (2014). Welfare-improving employment protection. Economic Journal. 124(581).
  • Burchardt, J. (2020). Flexicurity: The Danish Model. The Palgrave Handbook of Management History, 1163-1183.
  • Calderón, C., & Chong, A. (2005). Are labour market regulations an obstacle for long-term growth? In: Central banking, analysis, and economic policies book series: in Restrepo, J., Andrea, T. R., Loayza, N.
  • Coşkun, A. E. (2022). Evaluation of macroeconomic performances of BRICS-T economies: entropy-based waspas approach. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1320-1340. doi:10.46928/iticusbe.1134477
  • Daşbaşi, B., Barak, D., & Çelik, T. (2019). Analyzing the macroeconomic performance index for Turkey (1990-2017): artificial neural network approach. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 93-112.
  • Dereli, T. (2014). Flexicurity and Turkey’s New Labor Act: problems and prospects. In Labor and Employment Relations in a Globalized World: New Perspectives on Work, Social Policy and Labor Market Implications (pp. 135-158). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Doğan, H. (2022). Türkiye’nin makroekonomik performansının 2010-2020 yılları için CRITIC temelli aras yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi. Academic Social Studies / Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar, 189-202.
  • Duval, R., & Furceri, D. (2018). The effects of labour and product market reforms: The role of macroeconomic conditions and policies. IMF Economic Review, 66, 31-69.
  • Eleren, A., & Karagül, M. (2008). Performance analysis of Turkish economy between 1986-2006. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 1-14.
  • Ernst, E., Merola, R., & Reljic, J. (2022). Labour market policies for inclusiveness: a literature review with a gap analysis (No. 78). ILO Working Paper.
  • European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. (2012). The second phase of flexicurity: an analysis of practices and policies in the Member States.
  • Fraser Institute. (2021). Economic Freedom of the World. Retrieved from Fraser Institute’s Data Page. https://www.fraserinstitute.org/economic-freedom/dataset?geozone=world&year=2021&page=dataset&min-year=2&max-year=0&filter=0
  • Gujarati, D.N. (1999). Essentials of econometrics. McGraw-Hill, 2nd edition, New York.
  • Güran, M. C., & Tosun, M. (2005). The macroeconomic performance of Turkey’s economy: a nonparametric measurement for 1951-2003 period. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 89-115.
  • Jha, P., & Golder, S. (2008). Labour Market Regulation and Economic Performance. International Labour Organization ILO.
  • Karabulut, K., Ersungur, Ş., & Polat, Ö. (2008). Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin ekonomik performanslarinin karşılaştırılması: veri zarflama analizi. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 1-11.
  • Kovaci, S., Belke, M., & Bolat, S. (2018). The effects of labour market regulations on unemployment: panel data evidence for selected OECD countries. Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 2030-2042.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?. Journal of econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • Liotti, G. (2020). Labour market flexibility, economic crisis and youth unemployment in Italy. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 150-162.
  • Liotti, G. (2022). Labour market regulation and youth unemployment in the EU-28. Italian Economic Journal, 77-103.
  • Majcher-Teleon, A., & Bardak, U. (2011). Flexicurity Analysis of the Labour Market in Turkey. ETF.
  • Marelli, E., Choudhry, M. T., & Signorelli, M. (2013). Youth and total unemployment rate: the impact of policies and institutions. Vita e Pensiero – Pubblicazioni dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 63-86.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1987). The outlook 1987. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-outlook-volume-1987-issue-1_eco_outlook-v1987-1-en#page19
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1994). The OECD jobs study facts, analysis, strategies. https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/1941679.pdf
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371--413.
  • Rafi, B. (2017). The impact of labour market regulation on the unemployment rate: evidence from OECD economies. Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Australian Government.
  • Saavedra-Rivano, N., & Teixeira, J. R. (2017). Magic hypercube and index of welfare and sustainability. EconomiA, 18(1), 88-97.
  • Squire, L., & Suthiwart-Narueput, S. (1997). The impact of labour market regulations. The World Bank Economic Review, 11(1), 119-143.
  • Tanrıöver, B., & Yamak, N. (2015). Nominal faiz oranı-genel fiyat düzeyi ilişkisinin Gibson Paradoksu çerçevesinde analizi. Maliye Dergisi, 168, 186-200.
  • United Nations Development Programme (2024). Türkiye ranks 45th of 193 countries in human development, new UNDP report says. https://www.undp.org/turkiye/press-releases/turkiye-ranks-45th-193-countries-human-development-new-undp-report-says#:~:text=Ankara%2C%2013%20March%202024%20-%20Türkiye,fourth%20year%20in%20a%20row.
  • Wang, C. N., & Le, A. L. (2018). Measuring the macroeconomic performance among developed countries and Asian developing countries: past, present, and future. Sustainability, 2-18.
  • World Economic Forum (2023). Global Gender Gap İnsight Report. Insight Report.
  • Yamak, R., & Erdem, H. F. (2017). Uygulamalı zaman serisi analizi. Celepler Matbaa Yayın ve Dağıtım, I. Baskı, Trabzon.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Macroeconomics (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayça Sarıalioğlu Hayali 0000-0002-6613-7531

Djallel Aımar 0000-0001-5870-2687

Mohammad Mansoor Lodın 0000-0002-3251-6357

Project Number BULUNMAMAKTADIR.
Publication Date September 29, 2024
Submission Date February 26, 2024
Acceptance Date June 25, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sarıalioğlu Hayali, A., Aımar, D., & Lodın, M. M. (2024). THE IMPACT OF LABOUR MARKET REGULATIONS ON THE MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF TÜRKİYE: AN ARDL BOUNDS TEST APPROACH. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(3), 498-517. https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1443334


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