FAŞİZM KURAMLARINDA SOĞUK SAVAŞ SONRASI YAKLAŞIMLAR: JENERİK FAŞİZM TARTIŞMALARI VE ROGER GRIFFIN

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 4, 357 - 381, 31.12.2024

Mustafa Bölükbaşı

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1490620

Abstract

Faşizmin Marksist olmayan jenerik bir tanımını yapma girişimlerinin 1960’ların ortasından itibaren başladığı kabul edilmektedir. Soğuk Savaş sonrasında karşılaştırmalı faşizm çalışmaları, ekonomik ya da kurumsal boyutlarından ziyade artan şekilde faşizmin ideolojik ve kültürel boyutlarına yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu araştırmalar içerisinde, Roger Griffin’in karşılaştırmalı faşizm çalışmaları literatürünü birleştirebilmek amacıyla faşizmi jenerik bir kavram olarak “popülist ultra-milliyetçiliğin palingenetik biçimi” şeklinde tanımladığı bir dizi çalışması özellikle dikkat çekicidir. Bu makale, karşılaştırmalı faşizm çalışmaları literatüründe önemli bir yeri olan jenerik faşizm yaklaşımını, analitik bir yöntemle, Roger Griffin’in yaklaşımı özelinde tartışmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Griffin’in tanımının faşist kültür ve sanat gibi spesifik alanlar için kullanışlı olduğunu kabul etmektedir. Öte yandan Griffin’in yeni mutabakat iddiasına şüpheci yaklaşmakta ve faşizmin eylem ve örgütlenme biçimlerinden yalıtılarak anlaşılamayacağını öne sürmektedir.

Keywords

Faşizm, Roger Griffin, Palingenetik Mit, Popülist Ultra-Milliyetçilik, Yeni Mutabakat

POST-COLD WAR APPROACHES IN THEORIES OF FASCISM: GENERIC FASCISM DEBATES AND ROGER GRIFFIN

Abstract

It is accepted that attempts to provide a generic non-Marxist definition of fascism began in the mid-1960s. In the post-Cold War period, comparative fascism studies have increasingly focused on the ideological and cultural dimensions of fascism rather than its economic or institutional dimensions. Among these studies, Roger Griffin’s series of studies, in which he defined fascism as a generic concept as a “palingenetic form of populist ultra-nationalism” in order to unify the comparative fascism studies literature, is particularly noteworthy. This study discusses the generic fascism approach, which has an important place in the comparative fascism studies literature, with an analytical method, with a special focus on Roger Griffin’s approach. This study recognizes that Griffin’s definition is particularly useful for specific fields such as fascist culture and art. On the other hand, it is skeptical of Griffin’s claim of a new consensus and argues that fascism cannot be understood in isolation from its forms of action and organization.

Keywords

Fascism, Roger Griffin, Palingenetic Myth, Populist Ultra-Nationalism, New Consensus

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