Retraction

Retraction:

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 629 - 646, 28.09.2025
This is a retraction to: TRIPLE INJUSTICE WARMING: A STUDY ON POLITICAL ECONOMY OF IDP WOMEN WORKERS IN TÜRKİYE https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/anadoluibfd/issue/92791/1624618

Retraction Note

Abstract

References

  • Ali, Z. F., Chowdhooree, I., & Newaz, S. (2022). Refugee camps at landslide risk: Studying mitigation measures. In R. Sarkar et al. (Eds.), Impact of climate change, land use, and land cover on landslides (pp. 121–135). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-73
  • Arneth, A., Denton, F., Agus, F., Elbehri, A., & Valentini, R. (2019). Framing and context. In P. R. Shukla et al. (Eds.), Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (pp. 1-50). IPCC.
  • Arora-Jonsson, S. (2011). Virtue and vulnerability: Discourses on women, gender and climate change. Global Environmental Change, 21(2), 744–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.005
  • Azong, M. N., & Kelso, C. J. (2021). Gender, ethnicity and vulnerability to climate change: The case of matrilineal and patrilineal societies in Bamenda Highlands Region, Cameroon. Global Environmental Change, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102248
  • Boris, E., Hoehtker, D., & Zimmermann, S. (Eds.). (2018). Women’s ILO: Transnational networks, global labour standards, and gender equity, 1919 to present. Brill.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989 (1), 139-167. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
  • Dankelman, I., Alam, K., & Ahmed, F. (2022). Gender and climate change: Perspectives from Asia. Routledge.
  • Diffenbaugh, N. S., & Burke, M. (2019). Global warming has increased global economic inequality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(20), 9808–9813. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816020116
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2011). The state of food and agriculture: Women in agriculture – Closing the gender gap for development. FAO.
  • Füssel, H. M. (2009). An updated assessment of the risks from climate change based on research published since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climatic Change, 97(3), 469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9641-z
  • Gaard, G. (2015). Ecofeminism and climate change. Women's Studies International Forum, 49, 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2015.02.004
  • Gough, I. (2011). Climate change, double injustice and social policy: A case study of the United Kingdom (UNRISD Occasional Paper No. 1). United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. ISBN: 978-92-9085-083-0
  • Hansen, A., Bi, L., Saniotis, A., & Nitschke, M. (2013). Vulnerability to extreme heat and climate change: Is ethnicity a factor? Global Health Action, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.21364
  • Held, R. (2022). Gender lens, essential in global response to climate-induced migration. IOM Global. Retrieved from https://weblog.iom.int/gender-lens-essential-global-response-climate-induced-migration
  • ILO. (2020). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2020. ILO.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability – Summary for policymakers (Sixth Assessment Report). Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
  • John, M. E., & Gopal, M. (2021). Women in the worlds of labour: Interdisciplinary and intersectional perspectives. Orient Black Swan.
  • Leach, M., Mehta, L., & Stirling, A. (2021). Gender and intersectionality in environmental justice: Towards an inclusive politics. Environmental Politics, 30(1), 1-22.
  • Leder, S. (2022). Beyond the ‘feminization of agriculture’: Rural out-migration, shifting gender relations and emerging spaces in natural resource management. Journal of Rural Studies, 91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.005
  • Naser, M. M. (2021). The emerging global consensus on climate change and human mobility. Routledge.
  • OECD. (2022). OECD regions and cities at a glance 2022. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/14108660-en
  • Otzelberger, A. (2014). Tackling the Double Injustice of Climate Change and Gender Inequality. CARE Climate Change, CARE International. Retrieved from https://careclimatechange.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Double_Injustice.pdf
  • Schlosberg, D., & Collins, L. B. (2014). From environmental to climate justice: Climate change and the discourse of environmental justice. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(3), 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.275
  • Sovacool, B. K., Newell, P., & Carley, S. (2021). Equity and justice in climate change adaptation. Global Environmental Change, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102295
  • Taconet, N., M’ejean, A., & Guivarch, C. (2020). Influence of climate change impacts and mitigation costs on inequality between countries. Climatic Change, 160(1), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02637-w
  • The Economist Impact. (2023). Gender inequality and climate change are not separate challenges. 2023, January. Retrieved from https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/social-sustainability/gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-not-separate-challenges
  • The World Bank. (2020, October 7). Global action urgently needed to halt historic threats to poverty reduction. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/10/07/global-action-urgently-needed-to-halt-historic-threats-to-poverty-reduction
  • True, J. (2020). The political economy of violence against women. Oxford University Press.
  • UN Women (2022). Explainer: How gender inequality and climate change are interconnected. (2022, February 28). UN Women. Retrieved from https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2022/02/explainer-how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). What are the sustainable development goals? Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2025). Gender Inequality Index (GII). Retrieved from https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/thematic-composite-indices/gender-inequality-index#/indicies/GII
  • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2022). World population prospects 2022. Retrieved from https://population.un.org/wpp/
  • Uyan Semerci, P., Erdoğan, E., & Kavak, S. (2014). Mevsimlik Gezici Tarım İşçiliği 2014-Araştırma Raporu. Hayata Destek Derneği.
  • Walker, G. (2021). Environmental justice: concepts, evidence, and politics. Routledge.
  • Wendler, F. (2022). Introduction: How ideas and discourse frame the politics of climate change. In Framing climate change in the EU and US after the Paris Agreement (pp. 1–20). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82705-4_1
  • Zolberg, A. R. (1987). Wanted but not welcome: Alien labor in Western development. In Population in an interacting world (pp. 36-73). Harvard University Press.

Retraction: TRIPLE INJUSTICE WARMING: A STUDY ON POLITICAL ECONOMY OF IDP WOMEN WORKERS IN TÜRKİYE

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 629 - 646, 28.09.2025
This is a retraction to: TRIPLE INJUSTICE WARMING: A STUDY ON POLITICAL ECONOMY OF IDP WOMEN WORKERS IN TÜRKİYE https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/anadoluibfd/issue/92791/1624618

Retraction Note

The article entitled “TRIPLE INJUSTICE WARMING: A STUDY ON POLITICAL ECONOMY OF IDP WOMEN WORKERS IN TÜRKİYE” published in "Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(2), 529-546" has been retracted. According to the author’s statement, the reason for this withdrawal is that a significant error was identified in the data analysis after the article was published. Upon thorough re-examination, the author determined that this error fundamentally undermines the main findings and conclusions of the study. The author further stated that the issue cannot be rectified with a simple correction and that the most ethically appropriate course of action is to withdraw the manuscript entirely. In line with the author’s request and in accordance with publication ethics, the editorial board has approved the retraction of this article.

Abstract

The global challenges of climate change, economic instability, and political crises disproportionately affect populations living in poverty, with women seasonal agricultural workers being among the most impacted. Internally displaced women engaged in agricultural labour face compounded vulnerabilities due to the intersecting dimensions of gender, socio-economic class, and ethnicity, a phenomenon described as “triple injustice” in this article. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on internally displaced women (IDP) in Türkiye’s agricultural sector, employing an intersectional framework grounded in political economy. Using a phenomenological methodology, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and detailed field notes in rural regions where agriculture constitutes the backbone of the economy. The findings reveal that climate change exacerbates the social exclusion and marginalisation of internally displaced women, intensifying their precarity and structural vulnerabilities. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between climate change, intersectionality, and social inequities, offering critical insights for policy interventions aimed at fostering equity and resilience.

References

  • Ali, Z. F., Chowdhooree, I., & Newaz, S. (2022). Refugee camps at landslide risk: Studying mitigation measures. In R. Sarkar et al. (Eds.), Impact of climate change, land use, and land cover on landslides (pp. 121–135). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-73
  • Arneth, A., Denton, F., Agus, F., Elbehri, A., & Valentini, R. (2019). Framing and context. In P. R. Shukla et al. (Eds.), Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (pp. 1-50). IPCC.
  • Arora-Jonsson, S. (2011). Virtue and vulnerability: Discourses on women, gender and climate change. Global Environmental Change, 21(2), 744–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.005
  • Azong, M. N., & Kelso, C. J. (2021). Gender, ethnicity and vulnerability to climate change: The case of matrilineal and patrilineal societies in Bamenda Highlands Region, Cameroon. Global Environmental Change, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102248
  • Boris, E., Hoehtker, D., & Zimmermann, S. (Eds.). (2018). Women’s ILO: Transnational networks, global labour standards, and gender equity, 1919 to present. Brill.
  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989 (1), 139-167. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
  • Dankelman, I., Alam, K., & Ahmed, F. (2022). Gender and climate change: Perspectives from Asia. Routledge.
  • Diffenbaugh, N. S., & Burke, M. (2019). Global warming has increased global economic inequality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(20), 9808–9813. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816020116
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2011). The state of food and agriculture: Women in agriculture – Closing the gender gap for development. FAO.
  • Füssel, H. M. (2009). An updated assessment of the risks from climate change based on research published since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climatic Change, 97(3), 469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9641-z
  • Gaard, G. (2015). Ecofeminism and climate change. Women's Studies International Forum, 49, 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2015.02.004
  • Gough, I. (2011). Climate change, double injustice and social policy: A case study of the United Kingdom (UNRISD Occasional Paper No. 1). United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. ISBN: 978-92-9085-083-0
  • Hansen, A., Bi, L., Saniotis, A., & Nitschke, M. (2013). Vulnerability to extreme heat and climate change: Is ethnicity a factor? Global Health Action, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.21364
  • Held, R. (2022). Gender lens, essential in global response to climate-induced migration. IOM Global. Retrieved from https://weblog.iom.int/gender-lens-essential-global-response-climate-induced-migration
  • ILO. (2020). World employment and social outlook: Trends 2020. ILO.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability – Summary for policymakers (Sixth Assessment Report). Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
  • John, M. E., & Gopal, M. (2021). Women in the worlds of labour: Interdisciplinary and intersectional perspectives. Orient Black Swan.
  • Leach, M., Mehta, L., & Stirling, A. (2021). Gender and intersectionality in environmental justice: Towards an inclusive politics. Environmental Politics, 30(1), 1-22.
  • Leder, S. (2022). Beyond the ‘feminization of agriculture’: Rural out-migration, shifting gender relations and emerging spaces in natural resource management. Journal of Rural Studies, 91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.005
  • Naser, M. M. (2021). The emerging global consensus on climate change and human mobility. Routledge.
  • OECD. (2022). OECD regions and cities at a glance 2022. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/14108660-en
  • Otzelberger, A. (2014). Tackling the Double Injustice of Climate Change and Gender Inequality. CARE Climate Change, CARE International. Retrieved from https://careclimatechange.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Double_Injustice.pdf
  • Schlosberg, D., & Collins, L. B. (2014). From environmental to climate justice: Climate change and the discourse of environmental justice. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(3), 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.275
  • Sovacool, B. K., Newell, P., & Carley, S. (2021). Equity and justice in climate change adaptation. Global Environmental Change, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102295
  • Taconet, N., M’ejean, A., & Guivarch, C. (2020). Influence of climate change impacts and mitigation costs on inequality between countries. Climatic Change, 160(1), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02637-w
  • The Economist Impact. (2023). Gender inequality and climate change are not separate challenges. 2023, January. Retrieved from https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/social-sustainability/gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-not-separate-challenges
  • The World Bank. (2020, October 7). Global action urgently needed to halt historic threats to poverty reduction. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/10/07/global-action-urgently-needed-to-halt-historic-threats-to-poverty-reduction
  • True, J. (2020). The political economy of violence against women. Oxford University Press.
  • UN Women (2022). Explainer: How gender inequality and climate change are interconnected. (2022, February 28). UN Women. Retrieved from https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2022/02/explainer-how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2023). What are the sustainable development goals? Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
  • United Nations Development Programme. (2025). Gender Inequality Index (GII). Retrieved from https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/thematic-composite-indices/gender-inequality-index#/indicies/GII
  • United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2022). World population prospects 2022. Retrieved from https://population.un.org/wpp/
  • Uyan Semerci, P., Erdoğan, E., & Kavak, S. (2014). Mevsimlik Gezici Tarım İşçiliği 2014-Araştırma Raporu. Hayata Destek Derneği.
  • Walker, G. (2021). Environmental justice: concepts, evidence, and politics. Routledge.
  • Wendler, F. (2022). Introduction: How ideas and discourse frame the politics of climate change. In Framing climate change in the EU and US after the Paris Agreement (pp. 1–20). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82705-4_1
  • Zolberg, A. R. (1987). Wanted but not welcome: Alien labor in Western development. In Population in an interacting world (pp. 36-73). Harvard University Press.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Developmental Economy - Micro, Political Economy, Gender and Politics, Labor Economics and Economic Demography
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Elif Kaya 0000-0002-9757-5155

Publication Date September 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 26 Issue: 3


This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License since 2023.