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Sağlık Öğrencilerinde Aşı Tereddüdü

Year 2021, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 239 - 248, 27.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.831919

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada İstanbul’da sağlık alanında (tıp, diş hekimliği, eczacılık, hemşirelik, ebelik, fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon, diyetisyenlik, odyoloji, sağlık yönetimi) yükseköğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin aşı tereddüdü düzeyini, dağılımını ve öğrenim yılına göre değişimini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmamız bir anket çalışmasıydı ve belirlenen fakülte ve bölümlerde kayıtlı (T.C. Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi 2019 verilerine göre) 17.488 üniversite öğrencisinin %10’una ulaşmak hedeflendi. Anket Google Formlar® platformunda çevrimiçi olarak gerçekleştirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışma toplam 1559 öğrenci içerdi. Öğrencilerin %15,1’i “Gerekli durumlarda (riskli maruziyet, rutin korunma) kendinize tereddüt etmeden aşı yaptırabiliyor musunuz?” sorusuna “Hayır” yanıtını verdi. Bu oranın öğrenim yılı arttıkça azaldığı görüldü (χ2=21,523; p<0,001). Aşı tereddüdü tıp (%9,2) ve ebelik (%11,2) öğrencilerinde en düşük, fizik tedavi (%31,3) ve odyoloji (%30,4) öğrencilerinde ise en yüksek düzeydeydi. Aşı tereddüdü düzeyi eğitim düzeyine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdi (χ2=63,034; p<0,001); öğrenim yılı arttıkça aşılara duyulan güven artmaktaydı. Ancak öğrencilerin %78,6’sının grip aşısına dair tereddütleri olduğu ve bunun öğrenim yılı ile anlamlı biçimde değişmediği (p=0,053) görüldü. Kızamık ve suçiçeği aşıları ile ilgili tereddütlerin başlıca nedeni “hastalığı geçirmenin aşı olmaktan daha koruyucu” olduğu düşüncesi; hepatit B, tetanos ve kuduz aşıları ile ilgili tereddütlerin başlıca nedeni ise “yan etkilerden duyulan kaygı” idi.
Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanları arasındaki aşı tereddüdü toplumun aşılanma tutumu üzerinde oldukça etkilidir. Öğrenim yılı arttıkça azalmakla birlikte, sağlık öğrencilerinde aşı tereddüdü düzeyi yüksek görünmektedir. Bu tereddütlerin yükseköğretim sırasında belirlenip doğru bilgilendirmeyle giderilmesi son derece önemlidir. Sağlık yükseköğretimindeki içerik ve yöntemler bu gözle yeniden değerlendirilmelidir.

References

  • Plotkin SL, Plotkin SA. A short history of vaccination. İçinde: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA (ed.), Vaccines, 4. ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2004:1–15.
  • Soysal A. Aşı karşıtlığı. Madde, Diyalektik ve Toplum. 2018;1(3):263–71.
  • Kutlu HH, Altındiş M. Aşı karşıtlığı. Flora. 2018;23(2):47–58.
  • UNICEF. Immunization programme. Erişim: www.unicef.org/immunization (erişildi: 20 Temmuz 2020).
  • Şi̇mşek Orhon F. Genişletilmiş Bağışıklama Programı’na her yönüyle bakış. Osmangazi Tıp Derg. 2020;(özel sayı):6–14.
  • Gür E. Vaccine hesitancy—vaccine refusal. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2019;54(1):1–2.
  • Dubé E, Vivion M, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015;14(1):99–117.
  • Leask J, Kinnersley P, Jackson C, Cheater F, Bedford H, Rowles G. Communicating with parents about vaccination: a framework for health professionals. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12:154.
  • Óskarsson Ý, Guðnason Þ, Jónsdóttir GA, Kristinsson KG, Briem H, Haraldsson Á. Public opinion on childhood immunisations in Iceland. Vaccine. 2015;33(51):7211–6.
  • Kempe A, Daley MF, McCauley MM, Crane LA, Suh CA, Kennedy AM, ve ark. Prevalence of parental concerns about childhood vaccines: the experience of primary care physicians. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40(5):548–55.
  • Gürbüz Y, Tütüncü E, Şencan İ, Şendağ E, Callak F, Sevinç G, ve ark. İnfluenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemisinde hastane çalışanlarının grip aşısına yaklaşımlarının araştırılması. Pam Tıp Derg. 2013;(1):12–7.
  • Sevencan F, Ertem M, Özçullu N, Dorman V, Kubat NK. The evaluation of the opinions and attitudes of healthcare personnel of the province Diyarbakir against influenza A (H1N1) and the vaccination. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7(9):945–51.
  • Örmen B, Türker N, Vardar İ, Kaptan F, El S, Ural S, ve ark. Hastane personeline pandemik influenza A (H1N1) aşı uygulamasının ardından aşılama hakkındaki görüşler ve gözlenen yan etkiler. Mikrobiyol Bül. 2012;46(1):57–64.
  • Sarı T, Temoçin F, Köse H. Sağlık çalışanlarının influenza aşısına yaklaşımları. Klimik Derg. 2017;30(2):59.
  • Erken RR, Ergin A. Health care personnel’s attitudes and behaviours for vaccination recommendations of health care providers. Klimik Derg. 2019;32(3):259–64.
  • Fortunato F, Tafuri S, Cozza V, Martinelli D, Prato R. Low vaccination coverage among Italian healthcare workers in 2013. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(1):133–9.
  • Zafrir Y, Agmon-Levin N, Paz Z, Shilton T, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmunity following hepatitis B vaccine as part of the spectrum of “Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndrome induced by Adjuvants” (ASIA): analysis of 93 cases. Lupus. 2012;21(2):146–52.
  • Arias LHM, Sanz R, Sáinz M, Treceño C, Carvajal A. Guillain–Barré syndrome and influenza vaccines: a meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2015;33(31):3773–8.
  • Hviid A, Hansen JV, Frisch M, Melbye M. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccination and autism: a nationwide cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(8):513–20.
  • Dybsand LL, Hall KJ, Carson PJ. Immunization attitudes, opinions, and knowledge of healthcare professional students at two Midwestern universities in the United States. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):242.
  • Abalkhail MS, Alzahrany MS, Alghamdi KA, Alsoliman MA, Alzahrani MA, Almosned BS, ve ark. Uptake of influenza vaccination, awareness and its associated barriers among medical students of a university hospital in Central Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2017;10(5):644–8.
  • Marotta C, Raia DD, Ventura G, Casuccio N, Dieli F, D’Angelo C, ve ark. Improvement in vaccination knowledge among health students following an integrated extra curricular intervention, an explorative study in the University of Palermo. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017;58(2):E93–8.
  • Johnson DK, Mello EJ, Walker TD, Hood SJ, Jensen JL, Poole BD. Combating vaccine hesitancy with vaccine-preventable disease familiarization: an interview and curriculum intervention for college students. Vaccines. 2019;7(2):39.
  • Bechini A, Moscadelli A, Sartor G, Shtylla J, Guelfi MR, Bonanni P, ve ark. Impact assessment of an educational course on vaccinations in a population of medical students. J Prev Med Hyg. 2019;60(3):E171–7.
  • MacDonald NE, Harmon S, Dube E, Steenbeek A, Crowcroft N, Opel DJ, ve ark. Mandatory infant & childhood immunization: rationales, issues and knowledge gaps. Vaccine. 2018;36(39):5811–8.
  • Omer SB, Salmon DA, Orenstein WA, de Hart MP, Halsey N. Vaccine refusal, mandatory immunization, and the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(19):1981–8
  • Dubé E. Addressing vaccine hesitancy: the crucial role of healthcare providers. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(5):279–80.

Vaccine Hesitancy among Health Students

Year 2021, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 239 - 248, 27.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.831919

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the levels, distributions, and study years-based changes of vaccine hesitancy in students receiving higher education in the health field (medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, midwifery, physical therapy and rehabilitation, dietetics, audiology, health-care management) in Istanbul.
Methods: The study was a survey study and aimed to reach 10% of the 17,488 university students (according to the 2019 Measuring, Selection and Placement Center data) enrolled in the faculties and departments determined. The survey was conducted online via Google Forms®.
Results: The study included a total of 1559 students. Of all students, 15.1% answered “No” to the question “Can you get vaccinated without hesitation when necessary (in case of risky exposure or as part of routine protection)?”. It was found that this rate decreased as the number of years at the university increased (χ2=21.523; p<0.001). The level of vaccine hesitancy was the lowest among medical (9.2%) and midwifery (11.2%) students and highest among physical therapy (31.3%) and audiology (30.4%) students. The level of vaccine hesitancy differed significantly according to education level (χ2=63.034, p<0.001), with trust in the vaccines increasing with the number of study years. However, it was found that 78.6% of all students were hesitant about influenza vaccination and that this did not change significantly with the number of study years (p=0.053). The main reason for measles and varicella vaccine hesitancies was the thought that “having had the disease provides better protection than vaccination”, and the main reason for hepatitis B, tetanus, and rabies vaccine hesitancies was “concerns about the side effects”.
Conclusion: The vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals is highly influential in the shaping of society’s attitude toward vaccination. The level of vaccine hesitancy among health students appears to be high, although it decreases as the level of education increases. It is crucial that such hesitancies be identified and resolved with correct information during higher education. The related contents and methods used in higher education in health sciences should be reevaluated from this perspective.

References

  • Plotkin SL, Plotkin SA. A short history of vaccination. İçinde: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA (ed.), Vaccines, 4. ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2004:1–15.
  • Soysal A. Aşı karşıtlığı. Madde, Diyalektik ve Toplum. 2018;1(3):263–71.
  • Kutlu HH, Altındiş M. Aşı karşıtlığı. Flora. 2018;23(2):47–58.
  • UNICEF. Immunization programme. Erişim: www.unicef.org/immunization (erişildi: 20 Temmuz 2020).
  • Şi̇mşek Orhon F. Genişletilmiş Bağışıklama Programı’na her yönüyle bakış. Osmangazi Tıp Derg. 2020;(özel sayı):6–14.
  • Gür E. Vaccine hesitancy—vaccine refusal. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2019;54(1):1–2.
  • Dubé E, Vivion M, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015;14(1):99–117.
  • Leask J, Kinnersley P, Jackson C, Cheater F, Bedford H, Rowles G. Communicating with parents about vaccination: a framework for health professionals. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12:154.
  • Óskarsson Ý, Guðnason Þ, Jónsdóttir GA, Kristinsson KG, Briem H, Haraldsson Á. Public opinion on childhood immunisations in Iceland. Vaccine. 2015;33(51):7211–6.
  • Kempe A, Daley MF, McCauley MM, Crane LA, Suh CA, Kennedy AM, ve ark. Prevalence of parental concerns about childhood vaccines: the experience of primary care physicians. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40(5):548–55.
  • Gürbüz Y, Tütüncü E, Şencan İ, Şendağ E, Callak F, Sevinç G, ve ark. İnfluenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemisinde hastane çalışanlarının grip aşısına yaklaşımlarının araştırılması. Pam Tıp Derg. 2013;(1):12–7.
  • Sevencan F, Ertem M, Özçullu N, Dorman V, Kubat NK. The evaluation of the opinions and attitudes of healthcare personnel of the province Diyarbakir against influenza A (H1N1) and the vaccination. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7(9):945–51.
  • Örmen B, Türker N, Vardar İ, Kaptan F, El S, Ural S, ve ark. Hastane personeline pandemik influenza A (H1N1) aşı uygulamasının ardından aşılama hakkındaki görüşler ve gözlenen yan etkiler. Mikrobiyol Bül. 2012;46(1):57–64.
  • Sarı T, Temoçin F, Köse H. Sağlık çalışanlarının influenza aşısına yaklaşımları. Klimik Derg. 2017;30(2):59.
  • Erken RR, Ergin A. Health care personnel’s attitudes and behaviours for vaccination recommendations of health care providers. Klimik Derg. 2019;32(3):259–64.
  • Fortunato F, Tafuri S, Cozza V, Martinelli D, Prato R. Low vaccination coverage among Italian healthcare workers in 2013. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(1):133–9.
  • Zafrir Y, Agmon-Levin N, Paz Z, Shilton T, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmunity following hepatitis B vaccine as part of the spectrum of “Autoimmune (Auto-inflammatory) Syndrome induced by Adjuvants” (ASIA): analysis of 93 cases. Lupus. 2012;21(2):146–52.
  • Arias LHM, Sanz R, Sáinz M, Treceño C, Carvajal A. Guillain–Barré syndrome and influenza vaccines: a meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2015;33(31):3773–8.
  • Hviid A, Hansen JV, Frisch M, Melbye M. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccination and autism: a nationwide cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(8):513–20.
  • Dybsand LL, Hall KJ, Carson PJ. Immunization attitudes, opinions, and knowledge of healthcare professional students at two Midwestern universities in the United States. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):242.
  • Abalkhail MS, Alzahrany MS, Alghamdi KA, Alsoliman MA, Alzahrani MA, Almosned BS, ve ark. Uptake of influenza vaccination, awareness and its associated barriers among medical students of a university hospital in Central Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2017;10(5):644–8.
  • Marotta C, Raia DD, Ventura G, Casuccio N, Dieli F, D’Angelo C, ve ark. Improvement in vaccination knowledge among health students following an integrated extra curricular intervention, an explorative study in the University of Palermo. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017;58(2):E93–8.
  • Johnson DK, Mello EJ, Walker TD, Hood SJ, Jensen JL, Poole BD. Combating vaccine hesitancy with vaccine-preventable disease familiarization: an interview and curriculum intervention for college students. Vaccines. 2019;7(2):39.
  • Bechini A, Moscadelli A, Sartor G, Shtylla J, Guelfi MR, Bonanni P, ve ark. Impact assessment of an educational course on vaccinations in a population of medical students. J Prev Med Hyg. 2019;60(3):E171–7.
  • MacDonald NE, Harmon S, Dube E, Steenbeek A, Crowcroft N, Opel DJ, ve ark. Mandatory infant & childhood immunization: rationales, issues and knowledge gaps. Vaccine. 2018;36(39):5811–8.
  • Omer SB, Salmon DA, Orenstein WA, de Hart MP, Halsey N. Vaccine refusal, mandatory immunization, and the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(19):1981–8
  • Dubé E. Addressing vaccine hesitancy: the crucial role of healthcare providers. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;23(5):279–80.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Authors

Ali Osman Çetin 0000-0001-9142-253X

Asiye Şaşmaz This is me 0000-0002-0771-7181

Dilara Kurtuluş This is me 0000-0002-7594-3324

İsa Badur 0000-0002-0306-4259

İlker Balkan 0000-0002-8977-5931

Mohannad Owiwi This is me 0000-0003-2809-1891

Ali Öge This is me 0000-0002-4290-0125

Muhammed Atak 0000-0002-8545-3660

Ayşe Altunel This is me 0000-0001-7738-512X

Meryem Akkoyun This is me 0000-0003-4478-2326

Beyza Korkmaz This is me 0000-0003-2191-0372

Ahmet Çelik This is me 0000-0003-4113-1851

Yusuf İhsan Özdilek 0000-0002-4225-6843

Huzeyfe Keleş This is me 0000-0001-8065-4626

Adem Az 0000-0002-7204-6185

Handan Ankaralı 0000-0002-3613-0523

Publication Date September 27, 2021
Acceptance Date February 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 26 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Çetin AO, Şaşmaz A, Kurtuluş D, Badur İ, Balkan İ, Owiwi M, Öge A, Atak M, Altunel A, Akkoyun M, Korkmaz B, Çelik A, Özdilek Yİ, Keleş H, Az A, Ankaralı H. Sağlık Öğrencilerinde Aşı Tereddüdü. Anatolian Clin. 2021;26(3):239-48.

13151 This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.